Impango ye-Leatherback turtle - incazelo enezithombe

I-leatherback turtle, noma i-loot, iwuhlobo lokugcina oluphilayo emhlabeni oluvela emndenini walo. Yisilwane esihuquzelayo sesine esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, futhi siwufudu olwaziwayo nolubhukuda olusheshayo.

Lolu hlobo lungaphansi kokuvikelwa kwe-IUCN, esohlwini lwamakhasi e-Red Book esesimweni "sokushabalala kakhulu" ngaphansi kwesigaba sezinhlobo ezisengozini. Ngokusho kwenhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe, ngesikhathi esifushane, inani labantu lehle ngo-94%.

Ukubukeka kanye ne-anatomy

Ufudu oludala lwe-leatherback lufinyelela isilinganiso esingamamitha angu-1,5 - 2 ubude, nesisindo esingama-600 kg lwakha isibalo esikhulu. Isikhumba sempango siyimithunzi emnyama empunga, noma emnyama, evame ukuhlakazeka kwamabala amhlophe. Amaphiko angaphambili ngokuvamile akhula aze afike ku-3 - 3,6 m ubude, asiza ufudu ukuba lube nesivinini. Ingemuva - ubude obungaphezu kwesigamu, lusetshenziswa njengesondo lokuqondisa. Azikho izinzipho ezithweni. Ekhanda elikhulu, amakhala, amehlo amancane kanye nemiphetho engalingani ye-ramfoteka iyakwazi ukuhlukaniswa.

Igobolondo le-leatherback turtle lihluke ngokuphawulekayo ngokwakheka kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Ihlukaniswe nohlaka lwamathambo esilwane futhi iqukethe amapuleti amathambo amancane axhunywe komunye nomunye. Enkulu kunazo zonke yakha amagquma angama-longitudinal angu-7 ngemuva kwesilwane esihuquzelayo. Ingxenye ephansi, esengozini kakhulu yegobolondo inqanyulwa ama-ridge amahlanu afanayo. Awekho ama-horny scutes; esikhundleni salokho, amapuleti amathambo ambozwe ngesikhumba esiwugqinsi atholakala ngokulandelana kwe-mosaic. I-carapace emise okwenhliziyo kwabesilisa iminyene kakhulu ngemuva kunakwabesifazane.

Umlomo wofudu lwe-leatherback ufakwe izimpondo eziqinile ngaphandle. Umhlathi ongenhla unezinyo elilodwa elikhulu ohlangothini ngalunye. Amachopho acijile e-ramfoteka athatha indawo yamazinyo esilwane.

Ngaphakathi emlonyeni wesilwane esihuquzelayo simbozwe izikhonkwane, iziphetho zazo ziqondiswe ngasepharynx. Atholakala phezu kwawo wonke umminzo, kusukela olwangeni kuya emathunjini. Njengamazinyo, ufudu lwe-leatherback aluwasebenzisi. Isilwane sigwinya inyamazane ngaphandle kokuhlafuna. Ama-spikes avimbela inyamazane ukuthi ingaphunyuki, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo yenza kube lula ukuqhubeka kwayo ngokusebenzisa i-alimentary tract.

habitat

Ama-loot turtles angatholakala emhlabeni wonke ukusuka e-Alaska kuya eNew Zealand. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zihlala emanzini olwandle lwePacific, Indian kanye ne-Atlantic. Abantu abaningana bake babonwa eziQhingini zaseKuril, engxenyeni eseningizimu yoLwandle lwaseJapan kanye nasoLwandle iBering. Isilwane esihuquzelayo sichitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwaso emanzini.

3 abantu abakhulu abangabodwa bayaziwa:

• Atlantic
• I-Eastern Pacific;
• entshonalanga pacific.

Ngesikhathi sokuzala, isilwane singabanjwa emhlabathini ebusuku. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zivame ukubuyela ezindaweni zazo ezivamile njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3 ukuze zizalele amaqanda azo.

Ogwini lweziQhingi zaseCeylon, i-leatherback turtle ingabonakala ngoMeyi-Juni. Kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti, lesi silwane siphuma ezweni eduze noLwandle lweCaribbean, ogwini lweziQhingi zaseMalay - kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba.

Impilo yofudu lwesikhumba

Izimfudu ze-Leatherback azizalwa zinkulu kunosayizi wentende yesandla sakho. Zingabonwa phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ngencazelo yempango yabantu abadala. Amaphiko angaphambili abantu abasanda kuchanyuselwa made kunomzimba wonke. Intsha ihlala ezindaweni ezingaphezulu zolwandle, idla ikakhulukazi i-plankton. Izilwane ezindala zingatshuza zifike ku-1500 m ukujula.

Ngonyaka, ufudu lukhula cishe ngo-20 cm ubude. Umuntu ufinyelela ukuthomba eneminyaka engu-20. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila iminyaka engu-50.

Ufudu oluwumdondoshiya lugcina umsebenzi owenziwa ubusuku nemini, kodwa luvela ogwini kuphela ngemva kokuhwalala. Amanzi ashesha futhi anomdlandla, uyakwazi ukuhlanganisa amabanga amahle futhi ahambe ngenkuthalo kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe.

Umsebenzi omningi wempango ugxile ekukhishweni kokudla. I-leatherback turtle inesifiso esengeziwe. Isisekelo sokudla yi-jellyfish, i-loot yabo idonsa ekuhambeni, ngaphandle kokunciphisa isivinini. Isilwane esihuquzelayo asikuthandi ukudla izinhlanzi, ama-mollusk, ama-crustaceans, ama-algae nama-cephalopods amancane.

Ufudu oludala lwe-leatherback lubukeka luphoqa, lufisa ukulwenza lube isidlo sakusihlwa endaweni yasolwandle aluvamile. Uma kudingeka, uyakwazi ukuzivikela ngonya. Isakhiwo somzimba asivumeli isilwane esihuquzelayo ukuthi sifihle ikhanda ngaphansi kwegobolondo. Sishesha emanzini, isilwane siyabaleka, noma sihlasele isitha ngamapheshana amakhulu nemihlathi enamandla.

U-Loot uhlala ngaphandle kwezinye izimfudu. Umhlangano owodwa nowesilisa kwanele ukuba owesifazane abambe iqhaza elisebenzayo iminyaka eminingana. Isikhathi sokuzala ngokuvamile sisentwasahlobo. Izimfudu zikhwelana emanzini. Izilwane azenzi ngababili futhi azinandaba nesiphetho senzalo yazo.

Ngokuzalela amaqanda, ufudu lwe-leatherback lukhetha imimango eduze nezindawo ezijulile, ngaphandle kobuningi bezixhobo zamakhorali. Phakathi namagagasi asebusuku, uphumela ogwini olunesihlabathi futhi afune indawo ekahle. Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo sithanda isihlabathi esimanzi, esingenakufinyeleleka ekusefeni. Ukuze avikele amaqanda ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, umba imigodi ejule ngo-100-120 cm.

I-Loot izalela amaqanda angama-30 - 130, ngendlela yamabhola anobubanzi obungu-6 cm. Ngokuvamile inombolo isondele ku-80. Cishe u-75% wabo uzohlukanisa izimfudu zezingane ezinempilo ezinyangeni ezingu-2. Ngemva kokuba iqanda lokugcina lehlele esidlekeni sesikhashana, lesi silwane simba umgodi bese sihlanganisa ngokucophelela isihlabathi esingaphezulu ukuze sisivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.

Cishe izinsuku eziyi-10 zidlula phakathi kokuxhashazwa komuntu oyedwa. I-leatherback turtle izalela amaqanda izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngonyaka. Ngokwezibalo, kweziyishumi izimfudu ezincane ezine ziyafika emanzini. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezincane azikuthandi ukudla izinyoni ezinkulu nezakhamuzi zasogwini. Uma nje abantu abasha bengenabo usayizi ohlaba umxhwele, basengozini. Abanye abasindile baba yizisulu zezilwane ezidla ezinye olwandle. Ngakho-ke, nge-fecundity ephezulu yezinhlobo, izinombolo zabo aziphezulu.

Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwe-leatherback nezinye izinhlobo zezimfudu zavela enkathini ye-Triassic yenkathi ye-Mesozoic. I-Evolution yabathumela ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zentuthuko, futhi impango iwukuphela kommeleli waleli gatsha osaphila. Ngakho-ke, amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nempango anentshisekelo enkulu ocwaningweni.

I-leatherback turtle yangena e-Guinness Book of Records izikhathi ezintathu kulezi zigaba ezilandelayo:

• ufudu lwasolwandle olushesha kakhulu;
• ufudu olukhulu;
• umtshuzi ongcono kakhulu.

Ufudu olutholakala ogwini olusentshonalanga yeWales. Isilwane esihuquzelayo sasingamamitha angu-2,91 ubude no-2,77 m ububanzi futhi sinesisindo esingama-916 kg. EziQhingini zaseFiji, ufudu lwesikhumba luwuphawu lwejubane. Futhi, izilwane zidume ngezici zazo eziphakeme zokuzulazula.

Ngobukhulu bomzimba obuhlaba umxhwele, i-leatherback turtle metabolism iphakeme ngokuphindwe kathathu kunezinye izinhlobo zesigaba sesisindo salo. Ingakwazi ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba ngaphezu kwe-ambient isikhathi eside. Lokhu kwenziwa lula ukudla okuphezulu kwesilwane kanye nongqimba lwamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba. Lesi sici sivumela ufudu ukuthi luphile emanzini abandayo, lufike ku-12 ° C.

Ufudu lwe-leatherback lusebenza amahora angu-24 ngosuku. Esimisweni sakhe sansuku zonke, ukuphumula kuthatha ngaphansi kuka-1% wesikhathi esiphelele. Umsebenzi omningi uwukuzingela. Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwesilwane esihuquzelayo singama-75% wesisindo sesilwane.

Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kokudla kwansuku zonke kwempango kungadlula inkambiso edingekayo empilweni izikhathi eziyi-7.

Enye yezinto ezibangela ukwehla kwenani lezimfudu wukuba khona kwezikhwama zepulasitiki emanzini olwandle. Babonakala ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo njenge-jellyfish. Imfucumfucu engenisiwe ayicutshungulwa uhlelo lokugaya ukudla. Ama-stalactite spikes avimbela ufudu ekukhafuleni izikhwama, futhi anqwabelane esiswini.

Ngokusho kwe-Ames Research Center eNyuvesi yaseMassachusetts, impango iwufudu olufudukayo kakhulu. Ihamba izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha phakathi kwezindawo ezithandwa ukuzingela kanye nezindawo zokubeka. Ngokusho kososayensi, izilwane zingakwazi ukuhamba endaweni zisebenzisa amandla kazibuthe ale planethi.

Amaqiniso okubuya kwezimfudu ogwini lokuzalwa ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka ayaziwa.

Ngo-February 1862, abadobi babona ufudu lwesikhumba ogwini lwaseTenasserim eduze nomfula i-Ouyu. Emzamweni wokuthola indebe engavamile, abantu bahlasela isilwane esihuquzelayo. Amandla amadoda ayisithupha ayenganele ukugcina impango isendaweni. ULoot ukwazile ukubadonsela ogwini.

Ukuze usindise lezi zinhlobo ekuqothulweni, emazweni ahlukene dala izindawo ezivikelekile ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo ezinsikazi. Kunezinhlangano ezisusa amatshe endaweni yemvelo bese ziyibeka kuma-incubator okwenziwa. Izimfudu ezisanda kuzalwa zidedelwa olwandle ngaphansi kokuqondisa kweqembu labantu.

Ividiyo: izimfudu ze-leatherback ezisengozini