Isibani se-UV sezimfudu: ukukhetha kanye nokusetshenziswa kokukhanyisa kwezindawo zasemanzini nasezindaweni ezizungezile ezinamadlebe abomvu nezimfudu zasemhlabeni.

Isibani se-ultraviolet (UV) siwumthombo wokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okwenziwa ezifuyweni ezifuywayo, okutholwe ngokufaka ifilimu encane yesihlungi sokukhanya esikhanyayo engilazini.

Imisebenzi ye-ultraviolet

Endle, izimfudu zithola umthamo wokukhanya oku-ultraviolet okuvela elangeni. Ekhaya, isilwane esifuywayo sigcinwa ku-terrarium, ngakho ukushiswa yilanga kuyancishiswa. Ngokushoda kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet, isilwane esihuquzelayo:

• isalela ngemuva ekuthuthukisweni;
• uhlushwa ukuthamba kwegobolondo namathambo ama-brittle;
• iba sengozini yokulimala kwemishini;
• ugula ngama-rickets;
• engozini yokulahlekelwa inzalo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kuphazamiseka sibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-cholecalciferol (uvithamini D3), okhiqizwa umzimba ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga. Inesibopho sokumuncwa kwe-calcium - isici esiyinhloko sesakhiwo samathambo.

Izimfudu zase-Asia Emaphakathi nezinye azikwazi ukuthola i-D3 ekudleni ngoba zidla ukudla kwezitshalo. Izithako zamavithamini ngaphandle kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet azimuncwa ngenani elifanele lempilo yofudu. Ezimfudumeni zasemanzini, isibani asibalulekile kangako ngenxa yesimo sokudla kwabo. Izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinamadlebe abomvu zithola i-D3 emathumbu ezilwane ezizidlayo. Kodwa, uma igcinwe ekhaya, kuzo zombili izimfudu zasemhlabeni nezasemanzini, isibani se-UV siyadingeka.

Isibani esisodwa se-UV sofudu akwanele, ngakho-ke ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane kufanele zifakwe ku-terrarium kanye ne-aquarium:

1. Ukushisa. Isetshenziselwa ukufudumala izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinegazi elibandayo emini. Ukuze ugcine izinga lokushisa elidingekayo, ungasebenzisa isibani esivamile se-incandescent.
2. infrared. Umsebenzi oyinhloko walesi sibani ukushisa. Ayinikezi ukukhanya, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa ebusuku emazingeni okushisa aphansi ekamelweni.

Amapharamitha avumelekile

Ukukhanya okwenziwayo kuyadingeka emsebenzini nempilo yezimfudu. Amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu (<15°) angabangela ukulala ebusika futhi anciphise ukuzivikela komzimba, kuyilapho ukuphakama kakhulu (>40°) kungabangela ukufa.

Ukuze ukuphila okunethezekile kwesilwane esifuywayo, kuyadingeka ukugcina izimo zokushisa ezilandelayo:

• 23°-32° - emhlabeni;
• 22°-28° – emanzini.

Izinga lokushisa elilungile lifinyelelwa ngamalambu angu-40-60 watt (W) kanye nezifudumezi zamanzi ezingu-100W (kuthatha i-aquarium engu-100L).

Kumalambu e-UV, amandla ayahluka ukusuka ku-10 kuye ku-40W futhi kuya ngobude bedivayisi. Uma isibani siside, sikhipha i-UV eyengeziwe.

Ngaphezu kwamandla, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ukubaluleka kwe-UVA ne-UVB - imisebe ye-ultraviolet enemiphumela ehlukene emzimbeni wesilwane esihuquzelayo. Inani eliphakeme elivumelekile le-UVA, elibhekele ukuvuselela izinqubo zemvelo, lingu-30%, futhi inani le-UVB, elikhuthaza ukumuncwa kwe-calcium, lincike ohlotsheni lofudu:

• isilayidi esinamadlebe abomvu sidinga isibani se-UVB esingu-5 kuya ku-8%;
• ngomhlaba - hhayi u-< 10 futhi hhayi > 12% UVB.

KUBALULEKILE! Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokugula, i-UVB inyuswa ibe ngu-8-12% ngisho nasezintweni ezihuquzelayo zasemanzini.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezibani

Ukugcina izimfudu zasemhlabeni, isibani esivamile se-incandescent sanele, futhi ukugcina izimfudu zasemanzini, isibani esinamandla kakhulu (hhayi u-<20W) siyadingeka ukuze kushise ichibi noma i-heater eyengeziwe.

Ngokungeziwe ku-classic "Ilyich's light bulb", ukukhanya ku-terrarium kanye ne-aquarium kulawulwa yi:

1. isibani sesibuko. Ihluke ku-bulb ye-incandescent ekukhanyeni okuqondisayo, okugcina ukushisa endaweni ethile ngenxa yokugqoka kwesibuko.
2. isibani se-neodymium. Ngaphezu kokukhanyisa nokushisa, inesibopho sokungafani kwemibala, enikeza ukukhanya nokugcwala kombala wezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ibiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo, kodwa inokuvikelwa emanzini.
3. LED. Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED kukonga futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside, kodwa kulahlekelwa kwezinye izinhlobo ngokwamandla okukhiphayo. Kunzima kuye ukufudumala i-terrarium ne-aquarium, kodwa ingasetshenziswa ngezinjongo zobuhle, ukuxuba imibala ebomvu, eluhlaza, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka neminye etholakalayo.

Phakathi kwezibani zasebusuku ezingakuniki ukukhanya okubonakalayo, ungasebenzisa:

• i-infrared;
• i-ceramic, ivikelwe kumswakama ophezulu.

Izibani ze-UV

Isibani se-ultraviolet sama-aquariums nama-terrariums sitholakala ngezinhlobo ezi-2 - i-fluorescent kanye nomhwamuko wensimbi.

I-Luminescent

Ngokusho kokuma kwe-bulb, ihlukaniswe yaba:

• I-Tubular. Ngenxa yokumbozwa kokuzivikela ku-flask, i-ultraviolet ayiyingozi emehlweni abantu kanye ne-turtle. Ububanzi obuncane namandla amakhulu kuqashelwa amamodeli abizayo e-T5. Imodeli ye-T8 ebanzi ishibhile, kodwa iphansi ngekhwalithi.
• Compact. Zibukeka njengesibani esivamile se-incandescent futhi zifakwe kusisekelo se-E27. Balahlekelwa ozakwabo be-tubular abanempilo yesevisi ephansi, eyancipha ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla okuvamile.

Umusi wensimbi

Kanye nomthamo odingekayo wokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, isibani sifudumeza kahle i-terrarium, ngakho-ke ilungele izimfudu zomhlaba njengokuphela komthombo wokukhanya kwemini. Ngokungafani nama-luminescent, anempilo yesevisi ende, efinyelela eminyakeni eyi-1,5.

Imikhiqizo Yezibani Ezidume kakhulu ze-UV

Uma ungathenga isibani esivamile kunoma yisiphi isitolo sehadiwe, isibani se-ultraviolet kuzodingeka sithengwe esitolo esikhulu sezilwane ezifuywayo noma i-odwe ku-inthanethi.

Intengo yesibani se-UV incike kulokhu:

1. Umkhiqizi. Amamodeli ashibhe kakhulu amasampula aseShayina (i-Repti Zoo, i-Simple Zoo Bulk), futhi ebiza kakhulu yi-European (Narva, Sera, Arcadia, Namiba Terra) kanye ne-American (ZooMed, Lucky Reptile).
2. ukubukeka. Izibani ze-fluorescent ezincane nezinde zinezindleko eziphezulu.

Ngokwesilinganiso, isibani se-UV sibiza kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-1 kuye kwangama-2 ayizinkulungwane.

KUBALULEKILE! Le mikhiqizo inomugqa wezibani zazo zombili izimfudu ezinamandlebe abomvu kanye ne-Central Asian.

Ama-nuances wokukhetha

Ama-terrariums amaningi esenziwe ngomumo afakwe izibani ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ukuze wonge imali, babeka izibani ezi-2 ze-incandescent, ezinomthwalo wemfanelo kuphela wokushisa isilwane esihuquzelayo, ngakho-ke abanikazi besikhathi esizayo kufanele bathenge umthombo we-ultraviolet ngokwabo. Ukuze ukhethe isibani se-UV esisezingeni eliphezulu nesiphephile sezimfudu, cabangela izici ezilandelayo:

1. Power. Kufanele ibe kububanzi obusuka ku-10 kuye ku-40W.
2. ubude. Ukuthola isibani sofudu esilingana nesibani esingathandwayo kuwumsebenzi onzima. Ukusesha okude kungagwenywa ngokuthenga idivayisi enosayizi ongu-45, 60, 90 no-120 cm.
3. I-radiation spectrum. Qala ohlotsheni lwesilwane esihuquzelayo. Khumbula ukuthi ukupakishwa kuhlala kubonisa inani le-UVA ne-UBA. Uma inkomba iphuthelwe, yenqaba ukuthenga. Uma kungenjalo, ufudu lusengozini yokusha noma yokushiywa ngaphandle komthamo ofanele wemisebe ye-ultraviolet.
4. Ifomu. Khetha ifomu le-tubular elivikelwe ekukhuphukeni kwamandla, noma idizayini ebiza kakhulu yomhwamuko wensimbi.
5. I gama le-brand. Ungazami ukonga imali eShayina. Ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane sokuphila, isibani kuzodingeka sishintshwe okungenani njalo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kungcono ukukhetha imodeli yekhwalithi ephakeme evela eMelika noma eYurophu enempilo yesevisi efika kumnyaka ongu-1.

Imithetho yendawo yokuhlala

Ukuze ubeke kahle izibani ezithengiwe, cabangela izici ezilandelayo:

1. Uhlobo lwamathambo. Izinhlobo ze-tubular zifakwe emthunzini okhethekile esivalweni se-aquarium ne-terrarium, ezihlangene - phansi kwesibani setafula, futhi i-steam yensimbi isebenza kuphela nge-starter ekhethekile.
2. Ibanga elincane phakathi kwesibani nomhlabathi. Ibanga kufanele libe kusuka ku-30 ​​kuya ku-40 cm futhi ligxile emandleni naseveluni ye-UVB.
3. Uhlobo lofudu. Izimfudu zamanzi zisebenzisa umhlaba ukufudumeza, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa eliphakeme livunyelwe lapho. Ngezilwane ezihuquzelayo zomhlaba, ibhalansi ibalulekile, ngakho-ke isibani kufanele siqondiswe kwenye yezingxenye ze-terrarium ukuze unikeze isilwane ukukhetha phakathi kwezimo zokushisa.
4. umehluko wezinga lokushisa. Linganisa izinga lokushisa olifunayo ezingeni lesivikelo somhlane wegobolondo. Ezingeni eliphansi, inkomba iphansi, ngakho isilwane singashiswa.
5. Umthamo wendawo ekhanyisiwe. Wonke umzimba wofudu kufanele uwe ngaphansi kwemisebe.

KUBALULEKILE! Indawo engcono kakhulu yokuyibeka ngaphezu kwekhanda likafudu. Uma kufakwe eceleni, ukukhanya kuthukuthelisa futhi kucasule isilwane, futhi uma kufakwe phezulu, kuphumelela ukulingisa ilanga.

Imiyalo Yokusetshenziswa

Isibani sokushisa kufanele sishise amahora angu-10-12, senze ukulingisa kokukhanya kwemini. Ebusuku, kufanele icishwe ukuze izimfudu zikwazi ukulala. Uma izinga lokushisa lekamelo linganele, sebenzisa isibani se-infrared esingewona umthombo wokukhanya, kodwa sigcina izinga lokushisa elifunayo.

Isikhathi sokusebenza sesibani se-UV sincike eminyakeni yobudala yesilwane esihuquzelayo:

1. Ngaphambi kweminyaka ye-2. Izilwane ezincane zidinga ukukhanya okuningi kwe-ultraviolet, ngakho-ke isibani se-UV kufanele sisebenze ngokulingana nesokushisa. Akudingekile ukuqapha imisebe eshaya ufudu ngokuqondile, ngoba umzimba uzothatha ngokuzimela umthamo odingekayo wemisebe.
2. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2. Ngokukhula, isilwane silahlekelwa ukuthambekela kwaso emisebeni ye-UV, kodwa futhi asiboni isidingo esiphuthumayo saso njengasebuntwaneni. Yehlisa isikhathi sesibani sibe amahora angu-3, ​​kodwa qiniseka ukuthi isilwane sakho sichitha okungenani ihora elingu-1 ngaphansi kwesibani.

KUBALULEKILE! Isikhathi sokuchayeka kwe-UV kufanele sibe side ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo ezibuthakathaka. Ebusika, ubude bezinqubo buyanda ngenxa yokukhanya okuncane kwelanga okungena ngamafasitela emagcekeni. Uma uhlelo lokusebenza lungakuvumeli ukuthi ulandele ngokuqinile uhlelo losuku lwe-turtle, sebenzisa izibani ezizikhanyisa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngenxa ye-timer ekhethekile ehlelwe isikhathi esithile, akudingeki ukuthi uvule isibani ngokwakho.

Ezinye izindlela ezivunyelwe nezinqatshelwe

Ufudu olufuywayo alukwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwesibani se-UV. Ungathola inani elidingekayo lokukhanya kwelanga ehlobo kuphela, kodwa ngisho nakulokhu, isilwane singase singenwe umkhuhlane ngenxa yoshintsho endaweni lapho siphumela ngaphandle. Okwesikhashana, isibani se-UV singashintshwa ngesibani se-erythema esisetshenziselwa ukushukwa. Ngenxa yomthamo onamandla wemisebe ye-ultraviolet ekhishwayo, ukuchayeka okuphezulu kudivayisi enjalo akufanele kube ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-10 ngosuku.

KUBALULEKILE! Uma ukhanyiswe ngesibani sokushuka, gwema ukuthintana namehlo. Ukukhanya okunjalo kungalimaza i-cornea yesilwane esihuquzelayo.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi akuyona yonke imithombo yokukhanya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engangena esikhundleni sesibani se-UV. Ingozi yezimfudu yilezi:

• izibani ze-quartz;
• i-irradiator yezokwelapha ye-ultraviolet;
• Isibani se-UV sokumisa izipikili;
• isibani esonga amandla ngokukhanya okubandayo;
• umtshina wemali engamaphepha;
• izibani zezitshalo ze-aquarium nezinhlanzi.

Imiyalelo yokuqoqa isakhiwo esenziwe ekhaya

Ukuze ulondoloze isibani se-UV, ungakwenza ngokwakho. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, qiniseka ukuthi unayo:

• izindlu ezindala ezivela ngaphansi kwemishini noma ezinye isisekelo sezinsimbi;
• umshayeli, ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nesixhumi esivela esibani esingadingekile;
• ama-screwdrivers, ama-fasteners kanye ne-soldering iron;
• isibani se-fluorescent;
• i-self-adhesive foil;
• izintambo ezivela entweni endala kagesi.

Landela imiyalo engezansi:

1. Namathisela icala (isisekelo se-fasteners) nge-foil, ukwandisa indawo yokukhanyisa, bese ubeka isibani ngaphakathi.
2. Xhuma umshayeli, ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi, isixhumi nezintambo, ubheka i-polarity efanele.
3. Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhi zesakhiwo ziboshwe ngokuvikelekile.
4. Hlola konke ukuxhumana bese uxhuma isibani kumapayipi amakhulu.
5. Lungisa isibani ngaphezu kwe-terrarium.

KUBALULEKILE! Ungazami ukulondoloza ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho okufanele. Ukuhlangana okungalungile kusongela ngomlilo noma ukulimala kwesilwane esihuquzelayo, ngakho-ke themba abakhiqizi.

Isiphetho

Ukuze uphile kahle, izimfudu zidinga izinhlobo ezi-3 zemisebe:

• i-ultravioletunesibopho sokusebenza kahle komzimba;
• ukukhanya kwe-infraredukugcina amazinga okushisa adingekayo;
• ukukhanya okubonakalayoonesibopho sokugcina umjikelezo wansuku zonke.

Khumbula ukuthi amalambu e-UV aphelelwa amandla uma esetshenziswa futhi adinga ukushintshwa okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Uma icala lilimele, susa izingcezwana kanye nempushana echithekile esitsheni esihlukile futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uyakhipha umoya.

KUBALULEKILE! Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-mercury ephansi, umhwamuko uhlukaniswa njengengozi ephansi, kodwa ungabangela umonakalo omkhulu endaweni uma ungalahlwanga kahle. Umshini ophukile unganikezwa abasebenzi be-SES noma uMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo, ezindaweni ezikhethekile zokuqoqa, inhlangano elawulayo ye-MKD noma inkampani ezimele eqoqa udoti oyingozi ngemali encane.

Ividiyo: izibani ezidingekayo zofudu lwasemhlabeni nendawo yazo