Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokucosha umdlwane kunina?

Kusukela ekuzalweni kuya emavikini amabili: isikhathi sokuzalwa (neonatal period)

Imidlwane izalwa inobuchopho obungathuthukile futhi obuqinisiwe. Amehlo nezindlebe zabo akusebenzi, abakwazi ukuhamba, futhi umnyakazo abakwazi ukuwenza wukunikina amakhanda njalo nokukhasa phansi. Phakathi nenkathi yokuzalwa, insikazi ihlale ikhotha imidlwane yayo, iyinikeze iphunga layo futhi iyenze ikwazi ukuchama futhi ikhiphe indle, njengoba imidlwane ingakakwazi ngokugcwele ukwenza lokhu ngokwayo.

UKonrad Lorenz ngo-1937 wasungula inkolelo-mbono yokunyathelisa, ngokusho ukuthi isithombe sikamama sifakwe emiqondweni yama-goslings amancane. Inqubo efanayo yokunyathelisa isithombe sikamama iyenzeka ezinjeni. Isikhungo sokuqeqesha izinja edolobheni lase-Swedish i-Sollefteø sithole ukuthi ukuziphatha okuthile, njengokukhala, akunqunywa ngokofuzo, kodwa kuwumphumela oqondile wokuphrinta. Ngisho nokunikina ikhanda lomdlwane osanda kuzalwa kulandela umzila ongcono kakhulu wokuthuthukisa inqubo yokunyathelisa.

Ngakho-ke, kungacatshangwa ukuthi yonke into imidlwane emincane kakhulu edlula kuyo inomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kwayo kwesikhathi esizayo. Ngisho nomcabango omncane wokulumula umdlwane kunina phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokukhula kufanele uqedwe, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo komdlwane ngisho nokufa kwakhe.

Amaviki amabili kuya kwamane: isikhathi soshintsho

Phakathi nenkathi yoshintsho, amakhono ezinzwa zomdlwane aqala ukukhula ngokushesha. Uthuthukisa ukuzwa nokubona, amazinyo ayaqhuma. Kusukela manje kuya phambili, ukunakekelwa kukamama akusoze kwavezwa kuye njengakho konke okukhona kulo mhlaba. Kungazelelwe, umdlwane uqala ukubonisa isithakazelo emidlwaneni yakwamakhelwane futhi ngokuvamile kulokho okuwuzungezile. Uyoqala ejaha owayo umsila, ehla enyuka endlini kanye notshani. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho ekhonkothe ​​khona okokuqala.

Ithonya likamama kumdlwane lisenamandla impela, nakuba inqubo yokuhlukana kwakhe nengane isiqalile kakade. Angase athuthele kwelinye igumbi ngesikhathi uncelisa umdlwane, noma aqale ukubhodla ukudla, ngaleyo ndlela kusheshiswe inqubo yokulumula. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungase kubonakale kungathandeki futhi kunganele kangakanani kithi, kodwa ukudla ubuhlanzo ngokuvamile kuwukuziphatha okuvamile kwabesifazane. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kokuthi iminyaka eminingi yokukhetha, umuntu uzame ukuqeda lesi sici sokuziphatha kwenja endala ngesikhathi sokulumula umdlwane kuwo.

Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu eyenzekayo kumdlwane ngesikhathi soshintsho ukuthi uqala ukukuqaphela. Indlela oxhumana ngayo nomdlwane wakho kuleli phuzu izonquma ukuthi ihlobana kanjani nabantu kanye nendawo ecebile ekusebenzelaneni okungapheli nabanye abantu. Ukuziphatha kwakho okulungile kuzothonya ukwakheka kokuziphatha okufanele enjeni, kanye nokungesabi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthinta ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho namakhono obuhlakani.

Kusukela emasontweni amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili: isikhathi sokuhlalisana

Izinguquko zokukhula kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwemidlwane ngalesi sikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu kangangokuthi ochwepheshe be-canine yokuziphatha bavame ukubhekisela kuyo ngokuthi "inkathi ebucayi". Njengoba igama lisho, lesi yisikhathi lapho umdlwane uqala ukuxhumana nezinye izinja futhi udlale nenzalo yazo. Kodwa njengoba nje zonke izingane ezisacathula zidinga ukufundiswa imikhuba ethile kusukela zisencane kakhulu, izinja zizama ukugxilisa izimiso zenhlalo eziyisisekelo emidlwaneni yazo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu umdlwane oyifundayo ngesikhathi sokuhlalisana yikhono lokudlala. Inja yakho izodlala ingxenye enkulu yempilo yayo, futhi ikakhulukazi phakathi nenkathi yokuxhumana nabantu, lapho isanda kwazi lo mhlaba omangalisayo ngomdlalo. Umdlalo ubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yomdlwane futhi uthwala imisebenzi eminingi edingekayo. Uthatha futhi ukhuthaze umdlwane, umfundise ukushesha, ukuhlakanipha nokuzimisela ezimweni ezinzima, kanye nokuhlonipha ubuholi be-canine. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ngokudlala, umdlwane ufunda ngempela ukuxhumana nabanye abantu, ngakho ukususa umdlwane emphakathini we-canine kungase kuthinte ukwakheka kobuntu obunesizungu nobungavuthiwe kuye ukuphila kwakhe konke.

Yenza isinqumo esifanele umdlwane wakho

Ezilwaneni, kunzima ukuthuthukisa noma iyiphi indlela eyodwa yendawo yonke engafanela zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobo, ngoba isilwane ngasinye sisodwa ngokuphelele. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola umlingiswa kamama kanye nomlingiswa wezingane ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo esibi kangaka. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukunikeza impendulo ecacile embuzweni wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuhlukanisa umama nomdlwane ngaphambi kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili. Vele akunjalo.

Emazweni anenhlanhla yokuba nenani elincane lezinja zasemgwaqweni kanye nemboni ethuthuke kahle yokuqeqesha izinja, abantu bayokuthola kuwubuwula futhi kuwubuwula ukunquma ukulumula umdlwane kunina ungakafiki ngisho namasonto ayisishiyagalombili ubudala. Kodwa, ngeshwa, kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi ngenani elikhulu lezinja zasemgwaqweni, zibhekwa njengezinambuzane noma njengento yokudla. Awukho umthetho okhethekile ongavikela izinja, ngakho-ke imidlwane idayiswa inamasonto amahlanu noma ngaphansi. Kule minyaka, imidlwane akufanele neze ithengiswe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibonakala ipholile futhi ikhulile kangakanani.

Ukuphikisana okuningi kuye kwaholela ekutheni amasonto e-12 achazwe njengasekuqaleni kakhulu futhi amasonto angu-XNUMX sekwephuzile, ngakho-ke indawo ephakathi nendawo iphakathi. Inkomba enhle yokulungela kukamama ukulumula umdlwane ilapho eqhela kuye lapho emcela ukudla, noma lapho ebhodla ukudla. Ukondla umdlwane kuthatha amandla amaningi kumama, ngakho-ke kuyintshisekelo yakhe engcono ukusheshisa inqubo yokulunyulwa.

Inani lemidlwane nalo libalulekile. Kunengqondo ukuthi inja enemidlwane eminingana izosheshisa inqubo yokulunyulwa, kuyilapho umuntu onomdlwane owodwa ewunciphisa kancane. Nakuba isimo esingokomzwelo sangempela senja kunzima ukusisungula, ezinye izimpawu zisengasibonisa. Isibonelo, uma inja ilele ikhanda layo phezu kwemidlwane, khona-ke ayikakulungeli ukuhlukaniswa nayo.

Ukuziphatha kwemidlwane nakho kunquma ukuthi ikulungele yini ukuhlukaniswa nomhlengikazi futhi ithole ikhaya elisha. Imidlwane ebuthakathaka nengakathuthuki ihlale idinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokuhlangana futhi ilungiselele impilo entsha. Imidlwane enjalo ingathathwa kunina lapho sekudlule amasonto angu-12 ngemva kokuzalwa. Kodwa imidlwane ezizwa izethemba futhi edla kahle ingathengiswa ngemva kwamasonto ayisishiyagalolunye, inqobo nje uma isiqhele ngokwanele kumama wayo.

Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngokugoma, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene ne-parvovirus. Ngemuva kokugoma, ithuba lokutheleleka lisekhona, kodwa lincane, ngakho-ke kungcono ukubonisana nodokotela wezilwane ukuze wenze isinqumo esifanele. Iqiniso liwukuthi ayikho indlela elungile noma engalungile yokukhipha umdlwane kunina, ayikho iminyaka lapho kuzoba lula kumama ukuthwala lokhu kulahlekelwa, futhi umdlwane wesaba umoya omusha. Ushintsho lunzima ezinjeni, njengoba kunjalo nakubantu. Izinja zivumelana nezimo ngokuphawulekayo, zinelukuluku lemvelo kanye nekhono lokujabula lapha futhi manje, okungeke kushiwo ngabantu. Uma uhlela yonke into ngokucophelela, umama nengane bayobekezelela ukuhlukana futhi bangaphila ngenjabulo kuze kube phakade.