Yini okufanele uyenze uma inja ilimele?

Imiphumela yokopha incike ezintweni eziningi: ubukhulu nobukhulu bomonakalo, isimo somzimba wenja kanye nenani legazi elilahlekile. Ukopha kungaba ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Uma esimweni sokuqala, igazi ligeleza liphuma emkhunjini owonakele ngokusebenzisa isilonda esibonakalayo, khona-ke nge-hemorrhage yangaphakathi, iqoqa emigodini yomzimba: isifuba noma isisu.

Kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isitsha esilimele, kukhona ukopha kwe-arterial, venous kanye ne-capillary. Ukulimala komthambo kuyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokulahlekelwa kwegazi kanye nokungakwazi ukwakha ihlule endaweni yokulimala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igazi ligeleza emfudlaneni onamandla, ngokuzumayo futhi unombala obomvu okhanyayo. Uma umthambo wonakalisiwe, ukugeleza okuphunyukayo kulinganayo, ngaphandle kokushaya, kanye nombala we-cherry emnyama. Ukopha kwe-capillary kuvame ukubonwa ngokusikeka kwamaphedi ezidladleni, lapho amaconsi amancane egazi avela emithanjeni engaphezulu ehlangana emfudlaneni owodwa.

Ukopha kwemithambo kuyisimo esisongela ukuphila futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezilwane. Kodwa-ke, i-venous, uma ingamiswa ngesikhathi, ingaholela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi okukhulu nokufa kwesilwane. Ukopha kwe-capillary kuvame ukuma ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa ye-vasoconstriction kanye nokwakheka kwehlule endaweni yokulimala.

Yini okufanele yenziwe?

Ukopha kufanele kumiswe ngokushesha noma okungenani kwehliswe. Inja kufanele ilungiswe futhi izolile, ingavumeli isilwane ukuba sinyakaze ngenkuthalo. Ungaphuzi uma wopha. Indawo okulimele kuyo umkhumbi kumele icinywe ngesandla noma ngeminwe. Esilonda ngokwaso, udinga ukulungisa ungqimba olubambayo lwe-cotton-gauze swab, ucezu lwendwangu kakotini noma ithawula elihlanzekile, bese usebenzisa i-bandage eqinile. Uma kusolwa umzimba wangaphandle enxebeni (ingilazi, izinhlamvu noma izingcezu zamathambo endaweni evulekile), ibhandishi lifakwa ngaphezu kwendawo yokopha. Izitsha ezinkulu zicindezelwa endaweni efanayo: ezingxenyeni ezingemuva zicindezela umthambo endaweni yangaphakathi yethanga, emilenzeni yangaphambili - ekugobeni kwendolo ngaphansi kwe-armpit. Uma kwenzeka ukulimala endaweni yekhanda, omunye wemithambo ye-jugular etholakala ezinhlangothini zentamo icindezelwa ngokucophelela (kudingeka eyodwa kuphela). Kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi awukwazi ukuminyanisa indawo yokuphuka.

Uma usebenzisa i-tourniquet ngaphezu kwendawo yokopha, ungasebenzisa i-ribbon ebanzi, ibhande noma isikhafu. Intambo encane ayifanele lokhu, njengoba izoba nomthelela ekulimazeni okwengeziwe kwezicubu futhi kubhebhethekise ukopha. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-tourniquet, kuyadingeka ukukhulula ukungezwani kwayo njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10-15 ngokucindezela isitsha esopha ngesandla. Uma kungenjalo, ukufa kwengxenye engaphansi yesitho kungase kwenzeke, okusongela ukuqhubeka kwe-necrosis nokunqunywa.

Ngemva kwalokho, udinga ukuletha inja emtholampilo wezilwane noma ushayele udokotela ekhaya. Ngaphambi kokuhlola isilwane ngudokotela, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo saso esijwayelekile. Ukuphaphatheka kolwelwesi lwamafinyila olubonakalayo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okukhuphukayo kanye nokuba buthakathaka kokushaya kwenhliziyo emthanjeni wesifazane kuyizimpawu ezisongelayo. Kulokhu, usizo lwezokwelapha kufanele lunikezwe phakathi nehora nesigamu. Uma uhambisa isilwane esikhungweni sezempilo, kungcono ukusigcina silele ngomhlane ukuze sikhiphe igazi esithweni esilimele.

Ngaphambi kokuba udokotela afike, kungcono ukuthi ungaphathi isilonda ngokwakho, ukuze ungakhulisi ukopha. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, uma ukungcola okunzima kwenzeke, ungakwazi ukugeza indawo eyonakele nge-hydrogen peroxide noma isisombululo se-furacilin. Izinwele ezizungeze isilonda kufanele zinqunywe futhi emva kwalokho kufanele kufakwe ibhandishi elicindezelayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akufanele uvumele inja ikhothe i-cut and dressing.

Ukopha odongeni lwemvelo (ikhala, umlomo, izindlebe, amathumbu, noma umgudu we-urogenital) ngokuvamile kuwuphawu lwesibili futhi kubonisa isifo esithile esingaphansi. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi inja ihanjiswe emtholampilo wezilwane ukuze ixilongwe futhi iqhubeke nokwelashwa. Ukopha kwangaphakathi kubhekwa njengesilwane esisongela ukuphila, njengoba kunzima kakhulu ukuqaphela ekhaya. Ukopha esifubeni noma esiswini cishe akubonakali ngaphandle. Kukhona kuphela i-blanching yolwelwesi lwamafinyila olubonakalayo kanye nokuphefumula okwandayo nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Izinga lokushisa lomzimba wesilwane lingase lehle. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukunakekelwa kwezilwane eziphuthumayo kuyadingeka. Ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okufanelekayo kuphela okungasindisa impilo yenja ngokopha kwangaphakathi.

Akunconywa ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-hemostatic kanye ne-anti-shock ekhaya ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezinkulu. Futhi ngisho noma umonakalo enja wawumncane, futhi ukopha kuyeka ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ngudokotela wezilwane kanye nezincomo zezobuchwepheshe akufanele kunganakwa. Akuvamile ukuthi ukuhuzuka okuncane kuholele ekuvuvukeni okukhulu. Udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu ngempilo yesilwane sakho, bese inja yakho oyithandayo izoba khona iminyaka eminingi!