Ukuphalaza ezinjeni: izimbangela kanye nalokho okufanele ukwenze

Izimpawu zokuhlanza

Ngezinye izikhathi kunzima kumnikazi ukuthi aqonde ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela: inja iyahlanza noma ikhwehlela, noma mhlawumbe i-regurgitation, okungukuthi, ukukhafula. Umehluko phakathi kokuhlanza nokuqunjelwa kanye nokukhwehlela imi kanje:

• Ngaphambi kwesenzo sokuhlanza, isilwane ngokuvamile sinokukhathazeka. Mhlawumbe ukukhotha njalo, ukukhala, ngezinye izikhathi inja iyabhodla;

• Ukuhlanza kuyinqubo esebenzayo yemisipha ehambisana nenja ngokufinyela okubonakalayo kodonga lwesisu;

• Ngaphambi kokuphindaphinda, izifiso azivamile, futhi azihambisani nokucutshungulwa kwemisipha yesisu;

• Ukuphindaphinda ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngokushesha noma isikhashana ngemva kokudla;

• Ukukhwehlela kuvame ukuhambisana nemisindo ephimiselayo.

Kungani inja izizwa igula futhi ihlanza?

Ngokwabo, isicanucanu nokuhlanza akusona isifo esizimele, kuyizimpawu kuphela. Kunezizathu eziningi zazo: ukutheleleka, umzimba wangaphandle, ama-parasites, ukudakwa ngenxa yobuthi noma ukuqoqwa kobuthi (isibonelo, ku-pathology enzima ye-renal noma ye-hepatic), izimila nezilonda emgudwini wamathumbu. Ukuhlanza kungase futhi kuhambisane nezifo zesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko enja, isibonelo, i-encephalitis, ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu.

Izizathu eziyingozi

Kunezifo ezinzima lapho inja izizwa igula futhi ihlanza. Njengomthetho, ezimweni ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukuthintana nodokotela wezilwane, kwezinye izimo, usizo oluphuthumayo lungadingeka.

I-Parvovirus gastroenteritis nezinye izifo

I-Parvovirus gastroenteritis ithathelwana kakhulu futhi ingathinta izinja zanoma iyiphi iminyaka kanye nohlobo. Kubangela ukuvuvukala okunamandla kwepheshana lamathumbu, ngenxa yokuthi inja iqala ukuhuda nokuhlanza. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukulahlekelwa amaprotheni nama-electrolyte kukhula ngokushesha. Kunezinye izifo eziyingozi ezingase zihambisane nokuhlanza, njenge-leptospirosis kanye ne-canine distemper.

Umzimba wangaphandle

Ukuququda okuthile njalo kuwukuziphatha kwenja evamile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kugcina ngokugwinya umzimba wangaphandle. Lokhu kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokudlala, futhi amathambo noqwanga olukhona ekudleni kwesilwane esifuywayo nakho kungaba imizimba yangaphandle. Imizimba yangaphandle iyingozi ngoba ayikwazi ukuholela kuphela ekuvinjweni kwepheshana lesisu, kodwa futhi nokulimala kwayo - ukubhoboza. Ngokuvinjelwa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye komgudu wamathumbu, ukuhlanza okuluhlaza kungase kuvele, uma izindonga zalo zilimala, ukuhlanza ngegazi.

Ubuthi

Ekuhambeni, endlini encane yasehlobo, endlini eseduze, ngisho nasefulethini ledolobha, inja ingagwinya ubuthi: amakhemikhali asekhaya, ama-insecticides, imithi, umanyolo. Obunye ubuthi bungase bumangaze lowo obugqokile. Isibonelo, ushokoledi, amagilebhisi, omisiwe, u-anyanisi, u-garlic, amantongomane e-macadamia, inani elikhulu likasawoti (kuma-chips, ama-snacks) anobuthi ezinjeni. Ezinye izitshalo (kuhlanganise nezasekhaya) nazo zingaba yingozi.

Izilonda kanye neoplasms

Kwamanye ama-pathologies, izilonda zesisu namathumbu ziyavela. Lokhu kungenzeka ngesifo esinzima sezinso, ukusetshenziswa okungalawuleki noma isikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ezithile (isibonelo, izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala). Izinqubo ze-Tumor noma ama-metastases azo zingathuthuka emgudwini wamathumbu. Lawa ma-pathologies angabangela ukopha kanye nokubhobozwa kwezindonga zepheshana lesisu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlanza kwegazi, ukuhlanza okunsundu okunenhlanganisela efana nesisekelo sekhofi, izihlalo ezimnyama ze-tarry ziyizimpawu ezivamile.

ukuhlasela

Lokhu wukungena kwengxenye eyodwa yamathumbu kwenye. Kungenzeka ngokuvuvukala okukhulu kwepheshana lamathumbu, ama-neoplasms, imizimba yangaphandle. Izimpawu zizoba: ukuhlanza okungapheli kwamanzi, ukudla, ukuhlanza nge-mucus, ukuhlanza okuphuzi (nge-bile), ukuhlaselwa kobuhlungu. Ukuzikhulula kungase kungavamile noma kungabi khona ngokuphelele. Futhi, indle ingaba nohlamvu lwe-muco-bloody (okuthiwa "i-raspberry jelly").

Ukulimala kobuchopho kobuhlungu

Uma isilwane esifuywayo siwa noma sishaya ikhanda ngokuhlaselwa kokuhlanza, lesi yisizathu sokuvakashelwa okuphuthumayo kudokotela. Ukulimala kobuchopho kunezinye izimpawu: ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukungasebenzi kahle kokuxhumana, ukopha emakhaleni, ezindlebeni, nokunye.

i-pancreatitis

Amanyikwe angavuvukala ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ngokuvamile lokhu kuwumphumela wokondla isilwane esifuywayo ukudla okungafanele - ngokwesibonelo, okunamafutha. Nge-pancreatitis, isifo sohudo singenzeka, ukudangala nobuhlungu obukhulu kuvame ukubonwa. Ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlungu besisu bunamandla kangangokuthi isilwane sizothatha isikhundla esiphoqelelwe - siwele ngezidladla zangaphambili (indawo "yokuthandaza"), igobe umhlane wayo, ikhala.

Izizathu ezingezona eziyingozi

Akuzona zonke izimo ezidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Kwesinye isikhathi izimpawu zixazulula ngokwazo futhi zidinga ukungenelela okuncane kumnikazi.

Izinkinga zokudla okunomsoco

Izilwane ezifuywayo zethu zithanda ukuzingela nokuhlola umhlaba ozizungezile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukudla okuvela etafuleni noma ukudla okusala emgqonyeni kungaba isihloko socwaningo lwazo. Izinja nazo zinombono wazo siqu "wamaswidi", futhi ekuhambeni zivame ukucosha "ama-tidbits", ngokombono wabo, izingcezu zemfucumfucu yokudla ngisho nezingcezu ze-carrion nendle. Umphumela ungase ube izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, okuthi, lapho kungekho zinkinga, zihambe zodwa futhi azidingi ukuvakashelwa udokotela wezilwane.

inyamazane

Indlela yokuphila yezinja - ukuhamba kwansuku zonke, uthando lokumba, ukuhlafuna, ukukhotha, ngisho nokudla "okuhle" okungabazekayo emgwaqweni - kuholela ekuthelelekeni nge-helminths. Njengomthetho, ezinjeni ezindala ezinempilo, izibungu zamathumbu azibeki ingozi enkulu. Kodwa, uma umnikazi ekhumbula ukwelapha isilwane esifuywayo kanye kuphela ngonyaka ngaphambi kokugoma, kungase kubangele ukuhlanza ngezikhathi ezithile.

ukukhulelwa

Ukukhulelwa kungase kuhambisane nokuhlanza. Ngokuvamile lokhu akuhlali isikhathi eside futhi kuzihambela ngokwakho. Ezigabeni zokuqala, lokhu kungumphumela wezinguquko ze-hormonal emzimbeni. Esikhathini sakamuva, ikakhulukazi ngokukhulelwa okuningi, isibeletho, esiye sanda kakhulu ngevolumu, singabeka ingcindezi emgudwini wokugaya futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuholele ekucanuzeleni nasekuhlanzeni.

Ukudla okudliwayo

Izinja ngezinye izikhathi zidla ingxenye yazo ngokushesha kakhulu. Lokhu kungenziwa lula ngokuncintisana nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo endlini, ngoba, njengoba wazi, ukudla kuhlale kunambitheka kangcono endishini yomunye umuntu. Futhi, isizathu siwukubalwa okungalungile kwezingxenye ngaphandle kokucabangela ubukhulu besilwane kanye nezidingo zaso zamandla.

Indlala

Ukuhlanza okulambayo enjeni kungenzeka ngohlelo lokudla okungenangqondo, uma isilwane sithola ingxenye yaso kanye ngosuku, noma ukudla kukhishwa ngesiphithiphithi ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlanza nge-mucus, ukuhlanza okuphuzi (okune-bile), noma ukuhlanza kwegwebu elimhlophe kuvame kakhulu.

Ukucindezeleka

Ezinye izici ezingasho lutho neze kithi zingaba umthombo wokucindezeleka okukhulu ezifuyweni zethu. Isibonelo, ukuvakashelwa kwezivakashi, amaqembu anomsindo, iziqhumane, uhambo oluya emtholampilo wezilwane, isilwane esisha endlini, njalonjalo.

Ukugula kokunyakaza

Ezokuthutha ziyimbangela evamile yokuhlaselwa yisifo sokunyakaza. Umphumela onjalo emshinini we-vestibular ungabangela isicanucanu nokuhlanza.

Inja iphalaza ukudla okungagayekile

Ngeke kube yimbangela, kodwa umphumela wanoma iyiphi inkinga. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezifweni zepheshana eliphezulu lesisu. Uma kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokudla ngokweqile noma amaphutha okudla. Ngokuphindaphinda okujwayelekile kokuhlanza nokwanda kwayo, kubalulekile ukuxilonga, okuhlanganisa, ngaphandle kwe-gastritis, i-esophagitis, okungukuthi, ukuvuvukala komgudu kanye ne-megaesophagus - ukunwetshwa kwe-pathological of the esophagus, osekuyimbangela eyingozi yokuhlanza, nokunye. ngokuvamile - regurgitation.

Izimpawu ezengeziwe

Ezimweni eziyingozi, isilwane esifuywayo sizoba nezinye izimpawu ngaphezu kokuhlanza. Ngokwesibonelo, i-pancreatitis ngokuvamile kakhulu ephelezelwa ubuhlungu, ngezinye izikhathi nguye othusa umnikazi kakhulu.

Umzimba wangaphandle ingazibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi lesi isici sayo esicashile. Isibonelo, ngokuvaleka kancane komgudu wamathumbu, inja ingase idle futhi iphuze isikhashana ngaphandle kokubonisa ezinye izimpawu zokugula, ngaphandle kokuhlanza ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukudakwa uma kunoshevu kungase kuhambisane nokuncipha komsebenzi, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ukunganaki, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezimpawu zezinzwa.

Ukulimala umphimbo, isisu, amathumbu, okungenzeka kuholele ekuhlanzeni kwegazi, ngezinye izikhathi ku-melena (indle emnyama, i-tarry).

Ngezifo ezithathelwanayo imfiva wuphawu oluvamile.

Izimbangela ezingezona eziyingozi, ngokungabikho kwezinkinga, njengomthetho, aziholeli kunoma yiziphi izinguquko ezibalulekile esimweni sesilwane. Ngokuhlanza okuphindaphindiwe nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo okukhulu, isifiso sokudla singaphela futhi umsebenzi ungase wehle kancane.

Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezidinga ukunakwa ngokushesha:

• Ukuhlanza igazi noma ukuhlanza okunsundu okubukeka njengesisekelo sekhofi

• Inani elikhulu legazi endle, i-melena;

• Imizimba yangaphandle emhlanzweni nasendle;

• Kukhona izinsolo zokuthi isilwane besingadla imithi, amakhemikhali asendlini, isibulala-zinambuzane nanoma yimuphi omunye ubuthi;

• Izimpawu ze-neurological: ukudlikizela, isilwane "ukushushuluza", izidladla ziyagoba futhi ziyanyakaza, ukuma komzimba emkhathini akukona okwemvelo.

Diagnostics

Isigaba sokuqala sokuxilongwa kwawo wonke ama-pathologies sizoba ukuhlolwa ngudokotela wezilwane. Njengoba izilwane ezifuywayo zingakwazi ukuzichaza ukuthi yini ebakhathazayo, incazelo eningiliziwe yendlela yokuphila yesilwane, uhlobo lokudla, imikhuba yokudla, izifo zangaphambilini, ubude nobukhulu bezimpawu kubalulekile kuchwepheshe.

Ezimweni eziningi, i-ultrasound yesisu izodingeka. Kuzodingeka uma kwenzeka i-pancreatitis esolwayo, i-enteritis, i-enterocolitis, umzimba wangaphandle we-gastrointestinal, izifo ze-hepatobiliary (isibindi kanye ne-biliary tract), isifo sezinso.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile komtholampilo kubalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe izinga lenqubo yokuvuvukala, kanye nokungabandakanyi i-anemia.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemical kusiza ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi, ukusebenza kwezinso, ukulahleka kwamaprotheni, amazinga e-electrolyte namazinga eglucose.

Uma kusolwa i-parvovirus gastroenteritis, i-canine distemper izodinga ukuhlolwa kwe-fecal noma i-rectal swab ukuze kutholakale i-pathogen.

Ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ezinye izinqubo: ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, i-endoscopy ngisho ne-computed tomography.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kuzoncika ekuxilongweni, kodwa ngokuvamile kuyofaka phakathi imithi yokulawula isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Izindlela zokudla nezokudla nazo ziyalungiswa. Nge-parasitosis – ukwelapha izikelemu.

Ngezinye izikhathi kwanele ukuqeda imbangela yokuhlanza - isibonelo, ukususwa komzimba wangaphandle emgudwini wamathumbu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kuzobe kuhloswe ukululama ngokushesha kwesilwane esifuywayo.

Uma ukuhlanza kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic noma ukudakwa, indlela ehlelekile yesiguli ibalulekile.

Isibonelo, nge ubuthi noma ukulimala okukhulu ezinso, isibindi, ngenxa ye-pathologies engapheli, ukususwa kokuhlanza kuzoba yingxenye yokwelashwa kwe-volumetric kuphela.

Uma kunesidingo, ibhalansi ye-fluid ne-electrolyte igcwaliswa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma isilwane sinakho imfiva, noma awukwazi ukudla noma ukuphuza ngenxa yokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ulahlekelwa uketshezi nama-electrolyte ngenxa yohudo nokuhlanza.

Ukunciphisa ubuhlungu kubalulekile nge-pancreatitis, umzimba wangaphandle, invagination kanye ne-gastroenteritis enzima.

Ama-gastroprotective agents avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela i-gastric mucosa.

RџS•Rё izicubuukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kuhlanganiswe ne-chemotherapy.

Futhi, ukusebenza kuyadingeka ukuze ukungena kwamathumbu kanye nezilonda ezingenayo.

Ngokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu ukubhekwa esimweni sesibhedlela kanye nokubonisana nochwepheshe we-neurologist kuyodingeka.

Uma isimo sesilwane esifuywayo sinzima, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imbangela yokuqala, ukwelashwa okude futhi okunamandla kungase kudingeke, kuhlanganise nesimo sesibhedlela.

Ngezansi, sizongena emininingwaneni eyengeziwe mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma inja yakho igula futhi ihlanza.

Ama-Antiemetics ezinja

Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zimali kuyadingeka ekuhlanzeni okuphindaphindiwe noma ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo okukhulu, lapho isilwane singakwazi ukuthatha ukudla namanzi, ngisho nangamavolumu amancane.

Ngokuvamile, amalungiselelo asekelwe ku-maropitant (Sereniya, Maropital) noma i-ondansetron (Regumiral, Ondansetron, Latran) asetshenziselwa izinja.

Ukusetshenziswa kwemijovo kulungile, ngoba kuyinkinga ukunikeza isilwane esihlanza amaphilisi noma ukulengiswa.

Amalungiselelo asekelwe ku-metoclopramide ne-domperidone andisa i-peristalsis, okungukuthi, ukufinyela kwezindonga zesisu namathumbu, ngakho-ke angeke asetshenziswe uma kwenzeka ukuvinjelwa kwepheshana lesisu (isibonelo, umzimba wangaphandle) noma izinsolo ngakho. Yonke le mithi engenhla isetshenziswa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wezilwane noma njengoba kuyalelwe.

Indlela yokuyeka ukuhlanza inja?

Ngokuhlanza kanye kanye ngenxa yokucindezeleka noma ukugula okunyakazayo, akukho okudingeka kwenziwe. Uma ukuhlanza kwenja kuphindelela, ungakukhawulela ekudleni amahora angu-4-12, ikakhulukazi uma noma yikuphi inani lokudla livusa ukuhlaselwa okusha. Kungcono ukuphuza ngezingxenye ezincane, ngokuvamile. Ekhaya, njengomthetho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antiemetics akhethekile akudingekile.

Kodwa lapho inja ihlanza kaningi, ingakuvumeli ukudla nokuphuza, futhi ingekho indlela yokuvakashela udokotela wezilwane, okungcono kakhulu kungaba ukwethulwa kwemijovo efana ne-Serenia noma i-Maropital. Asetshenziswa ngokulandela imiyalelo kumithamo edingekayo (imithamo ikhonjiswe etafuleni elingenhla). Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zimali kudinga ukuthi umnikazi abe nekhono lokujova ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Imvamisa, imijovo ye-subcutaneous ilawulwa esifundeni sokubuna, amahlombe ehlombe.

Ngokuvamile abanikazi basebenzisa ama-probiotics. Isibonelo, bacabanga ukuthi inja inganikezwa i-Laktobifadol, i-Vetom, i-Laktoferon yokuhlanza. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ama-probiotics ngeke abe nomthelela wokucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza, ngoba aklanyelwe ukuthinta amabhaktheriya ahlanganisa amathumbu.

Ukunakekelwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo

Qala ukupha inja yakho ukudla lapho uhlanza noma ngemva kokudla ukudla okungenamsoco ngenani elincane lokudla okumanzi noma okuwuketshezi. Kancane kancane, izingxenye zokudla kanye nesikhathi esiphakathi kwazo ziyakhula. Ungacabangela ukushintshela kwesikhashana ekudleni okukhethekile okwenziwe ngomumo.

Isilwane esiphatheke kabi sidinga indawo ethulile futhi ezolile. Mnikeze indawo enethezekile, engasese yokuphumula, unciphise ukuxhumana kwakhe nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo okwesikhashana. Susa umsebenzi womzimba owandayo: ukuhamba okude, ukugijima izitebhisi, imidlalo yangaphandle.

Uma kufanele ushiye inja yakho esibhedlela, mnike izingubo zokulala ezizithandayo, amathoyizi, nezinto ngephunga lakho (isibonelo, ijezi noma isikibha). Lokhu kuzosiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka esilwaneni futhi simthulise.

Uma uthola izincomo kudokotela wakho wezilwane zokwelashwa ekhaya, qiniseka ukuthi uyazilandela. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukwenza ukukhohlisa okudingekayo ekhaya, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela ukuze alungise ukwelashwa.

Ukuphalaza emidlwaneni

Imidlwane idlala kakhulu futhi ihlola umhlaba oyizungezile, kuhlanganise nosizo lwamazinyo, ngakho-ke ivame ukugwinya izinto zangaphandle. Amasosha abo omzimba awakapheleli njengasezinja ezindala. Uma umdlwane uhlanza ngokuphindaphindiwe, lesi yisizathu sokubonisana nodokotela wezilwane.

Kunama-nuances amaningana abalulekile okufanele ukwazi:

• Lapho umdlwane uhudo nokuhlanza, ulahlekelwa ngokushesha uketshezi, ama-electrolyte namaprotheni, ikakhulukazi uma engalambile;

• Emaphusheni, ngokumelene nesizinda sokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza kanye nendlala, kungase kuvele isimo esibucayi - i-hypoglycemia (ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezincane). Lokhu ukwehla kukashukela egazini, okugcwele ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukudlikizeka nokufa kwesilwane esifuywayo;

• Imidlwane isengozini yokuthola izifo ezithathelwanayo futhi ibekezelela kakhulu kunezilwane ezindala;

• Emidlwaneni, ukusetshenziswa kokudla kwendlala akukhuthazwa.

Prevention

Njengoba sixoxile ngenhla, ukuhlanza kuwuphawu lwama-pathologies amaningi. Ukuyivimbela, udinga ukulandela imithetho elula kodwa ebalulekile yokunakekela isilwane:

• Nikeza isilwane sakho ngokudla okunomsoco. Unganiki amathambo, i-cartilage enkulu, ukudla okuvela etafuleni;

• Ukugoma okugcwele kanye nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi ngokumelene ne-helminths;

• Fundisa inja yakho ukuthi ingacoshi emgwaqeni, ingantshontshi ukudla etafuleni, imfucuza yokudla emgqonyeni;

• Sebenzisa amathoyizi aqinile okunzima ukuwahlafuna nokuwagwinya;

• Gcina amakhemikhali asendlini, izibulala-zinambuzane, ama-rodenticides, imithi, izitshalo zasendlini zikude.

Ukuhlanza Ezinja Ezibalulekile

1. Ngokwayo, ukuhlanza akusona isifo esizimele, kuyisibonakaliso senkinga kuphela, ngakho-ke kungahambisana nezinhlobonhlobo ze-pathologies nezimo: kusukela ekuguleni okungenangozi ukuya ezifweni eziyingozi ezithathelwanayo.

2. Akudingi njalo ukuvakashela udokotela wezilwane kanye nokwelashwa okukhethekile. Ngokuhlanza okukodwa, okungavamile, ukudla okufushane kwendlala kanye nokudla okuyingxenye kwanele.

3. Kufanele uqaphe ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izimpawu: imfiva, isifo sohudo, ukucindezeleka, ubuhlungu syndrome.

4. Kwezinye izimo, kukodwa kuyisizathu esibucayi sokuvakashela emtholampilo wezilwane ngokushesha. Isibonelo, ukuhlanza ngegazi, ukuhlanza nge-admixture efana nezizathu zekhofi. Noma ukuhlanza okuphindaphindiwe kwanoma yikuphi ukudla okudliwe namanzi aphuziwe, ukuhlanza ngemva kokulimala ekhanda noma ukuwa, ukuhlanza okuphindaphindiwe kumdlwane okungamvumeli ukuba adle futhi aphuze.

Imithombo:

1. E. Hall, J. Simpson, D. Williams. I-Gastroenterology yezinja namakati.

2. I-Plotnikova NV Ukuphalaza ezinjeni: i-algorithm yokuxilongwa nokwelashwa // Ijenali "Veterinary Petersburg", No5, 2013

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