Utwayi ezinjeni

Ukhwekhwe Ezinjeni Okubalulekile

1. I-causative agent ye-scabi yi-mite encane kunazo zonke edla i-lymph, uketshezi lwezicubu kanye nezinhlayiya zesikhumba;

2. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukulunywa, ukuxebuka, ama-crusts, i-alopecia (ama-bald patches);

3. Ngokuxilongwa ngesikhathi, ukwelashwa akunzima;

4. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezidakamizwa ze-antiparasite kusiza ukugwema ukutheleleka.

Izimbangela zotwayi

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokulunywa esilwaneni kuyoba ukungezwani okunamandla kwemikhaza kanye nemikhiqizo yabo engcolile. Lokhu kusabela ngokuvamile kwenzeka emavikini angu-2-3 ngemva kokutheleleka. Uma isilwane sesivele sithintekile futhi selashwa empilweni yaso, khona-ke ngokutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe, ukusabela kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu, ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2 nje. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba usuvele wahlangana nale antigen futhi uyazi ukuthi kufanele wenze kanjani. Uma isilwane sinokuzivikela okuhle futhi kwakheka impendulo efanele yokuzivikela komzimba, khona-ke ukutheleleka kungaqhubeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokuluma, futhi ngisho nokuziphulukisa kungenzeka. Enye imbangela yokunwaya kungaba ukutheleleka kwesibili kwesikhumba. Amagciwane awele esikhumbeni esilimele angabangela ukulunywa kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kokuzala.

I-demodecosis (i-demodex canis)

Lona umkhaza we-intradermal, ongummeleli omncane kakhulu wohlobo lwayo, ubukhulu bawo bufinyelela ku-0,25-0,3 mm kuphela. Indawo yayo yizimbotshana zezinwele. Ngokungafani nezinye izimuncagazi zomkhaza, i-Demodex isakhamuzi esivamile esikhumbeni sesilwane. Ngokuhlolisisa ngokucophelela ukuklwebheka kwesikhumba ezinjeni ezinempilo, i-demodex ingatholakala kuzo zonke izilwane. Ithola esikhumbeni sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezivela kumama ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-2-3 zokuphila. Iyakwazi ukubangela isifo (i-demodecosis) kuphela ngokumelene nesizinda sokuncipha kokuzivikela enja. Okungukuthi, inja ehlushwa i-demodicosis ayitheleleki kwezinye izilwane. Umkhaza awukwazi ukuhlala endaweni ezungezile. Lesi sifo singazibonakalisa ngezindlela ezimbili: ezendawo kanye nezejwayelekile. Uhlelo lokwelashwa okwengeziwe kanye ne-prognosis luzoncika efomini elimisiwe. Ukulunywa kwe-demodicosis akuvamile, kodwa kungase kwenzeke ngokutheleleka kwesibili.

I-Cheyletiella yasguri

I-Heiletiella iyimbuzane ehlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zesikhumba. Esikhumbeni nasejazini, ama-parasites anombala ophuzi ophuzi noma omhlophe angatholakala, ubukhulu buncane (0,25-0,5 mm). I-parasite ngokwayo ayikwazi ukubonakala ngeso lenyama, kodwa inani elikhulu le-dandruff esikhumbeni lingaqashelwa, igama lesibili lalesi sifo "i-dandruff ezulazulayo". Imikhaza idla izinhlayiya zesikhumba, i-lymph nolunye uketshezi, futhi lapho iluma ingabangela ukulunywa esilwaneni. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezigulayo. Emvelweni, umkhaza awukwazi ukuzala, kodwa ungaphila kuze kube amasonto ama-2 ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo.

Ama-otodectes (i-otodectes cynotis)

Lesi simbuzane sithelela isikhumba somsele wokuzwa ongaphandle esilwaneni. Kuyivelakancane kakhulu ezinjeni. Ubukhulu bayo bufinyelela ku-0,3-0,5 mm. Umkhaza udla i-lymph, uketshezi lwethishu kanye nezinhlayiya zesikhumba. Ngesikhathi sokulunywa, umkhaza ulimaza kakhulu futhi ucasula isikhumba. Uphinde abe nomzimba omahhadlahhadla futhi unyakaza kakhulu, okubangela nomuzwa wokulunywa nokusha enjeni. Le mite iyisilwanyane esivamile ezilwaneni eziningi. Izinja zingenwa ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, kuhlanganise namakati. Isikhathi esifushane, umkhaza uyakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwento ephilayo, okungukuthi, ingalethwa ekhaya lakho ngezingubo nezicathulo.

I-Sarcoptosis (i-sarcoptes scabiei)

Imikhaza evela kuhlobo lweSarcoptes yizinambuzane ezincane kakhulu zombala ophuzi-omhlophe noma omhlophe, obonakala kuphela ngesibonakhulu, ubukhulu bawo bufinyelela ku-0,14-0,45 mm kuphela. Ngaphandle kwezinja, zingakwazi futhi ukuthelela amanye ama-canids (inja ye-raccoon, impungushe, impisi), evame ukusebenza njengomthombo wokutheleleka inja ehamba ehlathini. Indawo yabo yokuhlala kanye nokuzala kwabo kuyingqimba ye-epidermal yesikhumba, okungukuthi, indawo engaphezulu. Badla uketshezi oluvuthayo, i-lymph, amaseli e-epidermal. I-Sarcoptic mange yisifo esithathelwana kakhulu. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngisho nangokuthintana ngokungaqondile. Ngaphakathi, imikhaza ingaphila kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-6, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo (umswakama ophezulu kanye namazinga okushisa ukusuka ku-+10 kuya ku-+15 ° C), iyakwazi ukuphila futhi itheleleke kuze kube amasonto amathathu.

I-sarcoptic mange ebizwa ngokuthi utwayi lweqiniso ezinjeni, ngakho-ke sizogxila kulesi sifo ngokuningiliziwe.

Izimpawu

Uphawu lwakudala lotwayi lwangempela (i-sarcoptic mange) ukulunywa okukhulu. Izimpawu zokuqala esilwaneni esigulayo amaqhubu amancane abomvu anoqweqwe ezindaweni ezinezinwele ezincane (izindlebe, izindololwane nezithende, isifuba esingaphansi kanye nesisu). Yilapho izimbuzane zingena khona esikhunjeni. Isilwane esizwa ukulunywa okusebenzayo siqala ukuzinwaya kakhulu futhi sizilimaze. Ngemva kwalokho, imihuzuko, amabala anempandla, ukujiya nokuba mnyama kwesikhumba, ubomvu bungabonakala kakade esikhumbeni. Ngokuvamile kuba namazenga, uqweqwe, utwayi ekhanda nasezindlebeni. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa, ukutheleleka kwesibili kuqala ukujoyina, ngokuvamile amagciwane ahlukahlukene (cocci nezinduku). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilonda ziqala ukusabalala kuwo wonke umzimba, ukubonakaliswa kwesistimu yesifo kuqala, njengokwanda kwama-lymph nodes angaphezulu, ukwenqaba ukudla, ukukhathala. Ezigabeni zokugcina, ukudakwa, i-sepsis nokufa komzimba kungenzeka. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase futhi kubonakale inkambo ye-atypical ye-sarcoptic mange: ukulunywa kungase kube buthakathaka noma ukungabikho ngokuphelele, izingxenye zomzimba ngaphandle kwenkambo yakudala (emuva, izitho) zingase zithinteke. Futhi, utwayi ezinjeni lungaba ne-asymptomatic, isilwane sibukeka sinempilo, kodwa siyakwazi ukuthelela abanye.

Izindlela zokutheleleka

Ukutheleleka nge-sarcoptic mange kwenzeka ngokuthintana. Okusho ukuthi, lapho inja enempilo ixhumana nenja egulayo, ingozi yokutheleleka iphezulu kakhulu. Imikhaza ihamba kalula futhi isuka kwesinye isilwane iye kwesinye. Ngezinye izikhathi umthombo ungase ube umthwali we-asymptomatic, okungukuthi, inja engenakho ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo yesifo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngisho nangezinto zokunakekelwa noma izingubo zokulala. Izimpungushe, izimpungushe ze-arctic, izinja ze-raccoon, izimpisi nazo zingaba umthombo walesi sifo. Izinja ezilahlekile nezilwane zasendle zingamadamu emvelo alesi sifo.

Ezinye izifo ezithwalwa imikhaza zidluliselwa ngendlela efanayo, nokho, ngokungafani nama-Sarcoptes, imikhaza efana ne-Cheyletiella ne-Otodex, ngaphezu kwezinja, ingaphinde ifake amakati.

I-demodex mite ibhekwa njengesakhamuzi esivamile esikhumbeni senja, futhi izimpawu zomtholampilo zikhula ngokuncipha kokuzivikela komzimba wonke. Engozini kukhona imidlwane emincane, izilwane ezikhulile, izilwane ezinezifo ze-endocrine, izinqubo ze-oncological, i-immunodeficiency. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukutheleleka ngesilwane esine-demodicosis.

Diagnostics

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngesisekelo somlando wempilo nokugula kwesilwane, ulwazi mayelana nokuxhumana kwenja nezilwane ezigulayo luyoba usizo ngokukhethekile. Kubuye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa komtholampilo, ukutholwa kwezilonda ezijwayelekile esikhumbeni (ukucwecwa, uqweqwe, i-alopecia, ukunwaya). Ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa yi-microscopy ye-scrapings yesikhumba. Imiphumela engemihle yamanga ayivamile, kodwa impumelelo yokwelashwa kocwaningo nayo ingaqinisekisa ukuxilonga.

Ukwelashwa kotwayi ezinjeni

Lapho lesi sifo sitholakala ezinyathelweni zokuqala, ukwelashwa kotwayi ezinjeni akunzima. Emakethe yesimanje kunenani elikhulu lemithi ephephile ephumelelayo ekwazi ukwelapha lesi sifo. Izidakamizwa ze-Isoxazoline okwamanje zithathwa njengomuthi wokukhetha kuqala. Lokhu kufaka i-fluralaner, i-afoxolaner, i-sarolaner. Le mithi idayiswa ikwifomu yethebhulethi futhi kulula kakhulu ukuyinikeza isilwane. Futhi, amalungiselelo eqembu lama-macrocyclic lactones angasiza ekuqedeni izimbuzane ze-scabies enja. Ngokuvamile, izidakamizwa ezinjalo zikhishwa ngendlela yamaconsi ekubuneni ngento esebenzayo i-selamectin noma i-moxidectin. Zisetshenziswa esikhumbeni esingaguquki endaweni yokubuna kwesilwane. Ngokuvamile ukwelashwa okuphindaphindiwe okuphindaphindiwe kuyadingeka, isikhawu phakathi kwabo kanye nenani eliphelele lingaboniswa kuphela udokotela okhona, ngokusekelwe ezingeni lokulimala kwesilwane ngomkhaza. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, isilwane esifuywayo sinconywa ukuthi singagezi okungenani izinsuku ezi-3 noma ngaphezulu ukuze ugweme ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle komuthi.

Lapho kukhona ukutheleleka kwesibili, ukwelashwa kwendawo ye-antibacterial noma i-antifungal kunqunywe. Ama-shampoos ane-chlorhexidine engu-3-5% noma i-benzoyl peroxide avame ukusetshenziswa. Ngokutheleleka okujulile noma usongo lwe-sepsis, izidakamizwa ze-systemic antibacterial zingabekwa ngemithamo ephezulu ye-dermatological inkambo ende. Endabeni yesimo esijwayelekile esingagculisi, imijovo efakwa emthanjeni, i-droppers, nokubhekwa kwesiguli esilaliswe esibhedlela kungase kuboniswe.

Isithombe sotwayi ezinjeni

Prevention

Indlela yokuvimbela engcono kakhulu ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezidakamizwa zokulwa nomkhaza ngokwemiyalelo. Lezi zihlanganisa izidakamizwa ezifanayo ezichazwe esigabeni "Ukwelashwa", kodwa isikhawu phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwazo sizoba side.

Futhi, indima ebalulekile kufanele inikezwe ukuzivikela okuhle kwesilwane. Ukusiqinisa, isilwane esifuywayo kufanele sithole ukudla okunomsoco okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, sihlolwe njalo ngonyaka emtholampilo wezilwane ukuze sisheshe sitholwe izinto ezihlukahlukene ezingavamile.

Ingabe umuntu angangenwa igciwane?

I-Sarcoptic mange ayisona isifo esivamile kubantu nasezilwaneni, kodwa ingabangela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-pseudo-scabies" kubantu. Ibonakala ngokuluma, izilonda ezihlukahlukene zesikhumba, ukunwaya kwezandla, intamo, nesisu. Esikhumbeni somuntu, umkhaza awukwazi ukuphindaphindeka futhi, ngokufanelekile, awugundi emigudwini lapho. Kodwa ukubonakala kwama-pimples abomvu (ama-papules) kungase kube ngenxa yokusabela okweqile emikhiqizweni yemfucuza yomkhaza. Okusho ukuthi, utwayi olusuka enjeni luye kumuntu lungadluliselwa, kodwa ukwelashwa kumuntu akudingeki. Umkhaza uyahamba emasontweni angu-1-2 ngemva kokuba inja isilulamile noma iyeka ukuthintana nesilwane esinegciwane. Ngokulunywa okukhulu, ungathatha ama-antihistamine njengoba uyalelwe udokotela.

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Januwari 28 2021

Kubuyekezwe: 22 May 2022