Inja inamehlo aguqubele - kungani futhi kanjani ukwelashwa?

Izimbangela Ezingaba Khona Zokuguqubala Kwamehlo Ezinjeni

Emehlweni kunezakhiwo ngokuvamile okufanele zibe sobala ngokuphelele - lezi yi-cornea, amalensi kanye noketshezi lwe-intraocular. Uma noma iyiphi yalezi zakhiwo ishintsha umbala wayo, kukhona ukwephulwa kobuqotho bezicubu noma kukhona ukufakwa kwezingulube kuzo, khona-ke ukukhanya kwamehlo kuyashintsha, futhi singabona amafu.

I-cornea iyingqimba yangaphandle esobala yeso edlulisela ukukhanya engxenyeni engemuva yeso. Isobala ngoba ayinazo izitsha, izinzwa, izingulube. Uma kwenzeka ukulimala kwe-cornea, noma amaseli ayo ayeka ukubuyekezwa, kuba namafu, futhi iso liba luhlaza. I-turbidity ingaba yendawo (indawo emhlophe esweni) noma ingqikithi, lapho iso liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuphelele.

Ilensi ilensi eminyene elele ngemuva nje komfundi. Iphethwe yimisipha emincane, ngenxa yokuthi, lapho imisipha ifinyela noma iphumule, ukugoba kwayo kuyashintsha. Ngenxa yale nqubo, iso liyakwazi ukubona izinto ezikude. Njengoba ukukhanya futhi kudlula kulensi kuya ngemuva kweso, ngokuvamile kuba sobala. Uma iphrotheni ye-pathological iqala ukwakha ngaphakathi kwelensi, ubuqotho be-capsule yayo buphulwa, noma yona ngokwayo ishintsha indawo yayo futhi ihlukane nemisipha, iso liba namafu.

Uketshezi lwe-intraocular luyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kweso. Ilawula ukucindezela kwe-intraocular, yondla zonke izakhiwo zangaphakathi zeso - i-lens, i-cornea, i-trabecular apparatus, umzimba we-vitreous. Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuvuvukala, ukopha okukhulu, uketshezi lushintsha umbala walo, amehlo enja abe namafu.

I-Keratitis

I-Keratitis ukuvuvukala kwe-cornea. Izimbangela zingaba ukuhlukumezeka, umzimba wangaphandle esweni, isifo esibangelwa amagciwane, noma ukutheleleka ngebhaktheriya. Uphawu oluyinhloko lwalesi sifo ezinjeni ukufiphala kwe-cornea. Kuvela ngenxa ye-edema, futhi kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, emahoreni ambalwa nje. I-keratitis ivame ukubukelwa phansi, nakuba kuyisifo esibi kakhulu esingaholela ebumpumputheni. Ngaphandle kokungcola, iso liphenduka libebomvu, unyembezi ludedelwa kakhulu kulo, inja iklwebhela futhi icwebise.

Izilonda kanye nokuguguleka kwe-cornea

Uma inja ineso elibukhali eliguquguqukayo, imbangela kungenzeka kakhulu ukuguguleka kwekhone. Ukuguguleka kuwukulimala okukha phezulu okuthinta kuphela i-epithelium engenhla. Ngezilonda, izingqimba ezijulile ze-cornea - i-stroma - zonakaliswa. Ukulimala kungase kwenzeke ngengozi—ngokwesibonelo, ngokudlala nenye inja, ukulwa nekati—noma kungenakugwenywa—uma inja inezinkophe ezingavamile, amajwabu amehlo axegayo, amile, noma intula izinyembezi. Ngaphezu kokuvuvukala, izimpawu ezifana ne-blepharospasm (i-squinting yeso), i-lacrimation, ububomvu be-conjunctiva ibonakala endaweni yokulimala. Inja izwa ubuhlungu obukhulu ngezilonda ze-cornea, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile icindezeleka, isifiso sayo sokudla siyancipha. Ukulimala kwe-Corneal kuthinteka kakhulu ezinja ezinamehlo aqhumayo - ama-Pekingese, ama-pugs, ama-bulldogs. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abavamile ukucwayiza ngenxa yesakhiwo samajwabu amehlo namehlo.

Uveit

I-Uveitis ukuvuvukala kwe-choroid yeso. Ulwelwesi lwemithambo luklelisa ingaphakathi leso njengolwembu futhi, eqinisweni, lwakha imithambo enegazi. I-Uveitis ingenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwangaphandle - ukushaywa kweso, ukuhlukumezeka kwe-cornea, noma izifo zangaphakathi - igciwane kanye nebhaktheriya, kanye nama-parasites nama-neoplasms. Izimpawu ze-uveitis azihlali zifana, konke kuncike ekutheni yiziphi izingxenye zeso eziye zabhekana nenqubo yokuvuvukala. Iso lingase libe bomvu, kuzoba ne-lacrimation eningi. Inja izokwesaba ukukhanya, ngenxa ye-edema, i-cornea izoba namafu. Iso, njengomthetho, libuhlungu kakhulu, elibangela i-miosis yomfundi. Lesi yisimo lapho umfundi enkontileka khona, abe ichashaza elincane, futhi angabe esanwebeka. Iso liyaguqubala hhayi nje ngenxa ye-edema ye-corneal, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuguquguquka koketshezi lwe-intraocular. Futhi ingaba namafu ngenxa yokukhululwa kwamangqamuzana avuthayo ezitsheni noma ubomvu ekamelweni elingaphambili leso. Ingcindezi ye-intraocular iyancipha, futhi iso libukeka liba nempilo encane.

I-Panophthalmitis

Iqala ngokumelene nesizinda se-uveitis ethuthukisiwe noma ukuntuleka kokwelashwa kokulimala. I-panophthalmitis ibonakala ngokuvuvukala kwe-purulent yazo zonke izitho zamehlo. Ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo - amafu, ubomvu, ukwanda kobukhulu, ukukhishwa kobomvu noma igazi ekamelweni elingaphambili leso, inja inomkhuhlane, ayifuni ukudla, futhi umsebenzi uyancipha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iso liyafa futhi ukulahlekelwa umbono kwenzeka. Ngeshwa, ngisho nokwelashwa okusebenzayo kungase kuhluleke futhi iso elithintekile likhishwe.

I-glaucoma

I-glaucoma yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esiholela ekwandeni kwengcindezi ye-intraocular. Kuqhubeka ngobuhlungu obukhulu kanye nefilimu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emehlweni. Iso liyakhula ngosayizi futhi liphuma ku-orbit. Amehlo aguqubele enjeni abonisa izinkomba zengcindezi ebalulekile nokuthi isimo sidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Lesi sifo siwufuzo noma siyinkimbinkimbi yezifo zesistimu ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, uveitis ethuthukisiwe. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yi-Beagles, Huskies, Hounds, Spaniels, Dalmatians, Samoyeds kanye namaLabradors.

I-Corneal dystrophy

Isifo sofuzo lapho inja inebala elimhlophe esweni elilodwa noma ngokulinganayo kuwo womabili. Esikhundleni se-turbidity ku-cornea, izinqubo ze-metabolic ziyaphazamiseka, futhi ziyafa. Ngokuvamile inja ayinazo ezinye izikhalazo - iyasebenza, akukho ukukhishwa emehlweni futhi akukho buhlungu. Kodwa-ke, uma isilonda siba sibi kakhulu, i-cornea ingase idabuke.

I-Cataract

Lesi sifo siqala ngenxa yokufakwa kwamaprotheni ngaphakathi kwelensi, ngakho-ke iphenduka ibe mhlophe ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele. Kubukeka sengathi inja inabafundi abaguqubele. Inqubo ye-clouding ihamba kancane futhi ayinabuhlungu, i-lens ikhula ngosayizi futhi ivuvuke. Amaprotheni angafakwa ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo, isifo sikashukela esingalawuleki, ukuhlukumezeka. Ungwengwezi luwufuzo. Izinhlobo ezihleliwe - Jack Russell Terrier, Cocker Spaniel, Poodle, Retriever, Schnauzer.

Ukukhanya kwe-lens

Le pathology enjeni ihlotshaniswa nokufiphala kanye nokususwa kwelensi endaweni yayo evamile. I-lens iphuma emithanjeni eyibambe bese ingena egumbini elingaphambili noma elingemuva leso. Ngenxa yokufuduka, umsoco welensi uyaphazamiseka, futhi uba namafu. I-breed predisposition to displacement lens itholakala ku-Chinese Crested Dogs, Jack Russell Terriers, Tibetan Terriers, kanye ne-Wire Fox Terriers.

I-Pannus

Lena yi-keratitis yomalusi ekha phezulu, ebangelwa ukwenqatshwa kwamaseli e-cornea uqobo. Kuzibonakalisa njengokufiphala kanye nokwephulwa kwe-contour ye-cornea. Imvamisa kuba yi-bilateral, i-symmetrical lesion. Uma ingelashwa, i-cornea iba mnyama futhi inja iba yimpumputhe. Isici esicasulayo salesi sifo yi-ultraviolet, ngakho-ke ukubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo, njengomthetho, kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Lesi sifo sibonakala ikakhulukazi ezinjeni ezilusayo - isiJalimane, iBelgian, i-Australia kanye ne-mestizos.

Uveodermal syndrome

I-syndrome engavamile kakhulu lapho i-granulomatous uveitis ne-depigmenting dermatitis zikhula ngasikhathi sinye. Inja ineveyili emehlweni ayo, uveitis iyakhula futhi isibuko sekhala, izidladla, amajwabu amehlo, izindebe, izinwele emlonyeni ziqala ukuvutha futhi zibe mhlophe. Izilonda zesikhumba ngokuvamile zivela kamuva kunamehlo. Kwenzeka ezinjeni ze-Akito, e-Alaskan Malamutes, e-Australian Shepherds, Basset Hounds, Chow Chows, Dachshunds, German Shepherds, Irish Setters, Old English Shepherds, Samoyeds, Shelties, Shiba Inu, Siberian Huskies, St. Bernards. Lesi sifo siholela ebumpumputheni futhi sidinga ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi okunamandla okuvela ku-dermatology kanye ne-ophthalmology.

Diagnostics

Uma ubona ukuthi amehlo enja yakho aguqubele, kufanele ngokushesha uxhumane nodokotela wakho wezilwane ophthalmologist. Uchwepheshe uzohlola futhi ahlole iso ukuze ahlole futhi anikeze ukwelashwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ophthalmic kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo nokuhlolwa kwe-reflex. I-reflexes ye-Corneal ihlolwe - uma i-cornea izwela kancane, lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthuthukiswa kokuvuvukala (i-uveitis, i-panophthalmitis, i-keratitis) kanye ne-pupillary reflexes - ukwephulwa kokunciphisa umfundi kungase kubonise ukuthuthukiswa kokuvuvukala, ukwanda kwengcindezi ye-intraocular noma ubuhlungu obukhulu.

• I-Cornea staining. Uma i-cornea ingonakalisiwe, odayi be-ophthalmic okhethekile basetshenziswa emehlweni. Lapho ucwayiza, udayi uyagezwa, futhi uma kunezilonda noma ukuguguleka ku-cornea, khona-ke udayi uyawangcolisa. Ngakho udokotela angahlola ukujula kanye nezinga lesilonda.

• Ukulinganisa ingcindezi ye-intraocular. Ngosizo lwemishini ekhethekile yezilwane - i-tonoveta, i-ophthalmologist ingakwazi ukukala ukucindezela kwe-intraocular, okuzokwenza kube lula ukwenza ukuxilongwa okufana ne-glaucoma - lapho kunqunywa ukucindezela okukhulu, noma i-uveitis - lapho ingcindezi iphansi.

• I-Ophthalmoscopy. Lesi isifundo segobolondo elingemuva leso - i-retina, kusetshenziswa i-apparatus ekhethekile. Ngalo, ungahlola ikhanda le-nerve optic, uhlole izitsha ezondla iso. Ucwaningo lukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukusebenza kokubukwa kweso kanye nemiphumela yezifo ezinjenge-glaucoma, uveitis, uveodermal syndrome.

• I-Eye ultrasound. Ucwaningo luzokuvumela ukuthi uhlole usayizi nendawo yelensi kuma-cataract kanye nokunethezeka.

• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo ziyadingeka ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinja zokuthwala izakhi zofuzo zezifo ezinjenge-pannus, uveodermal syndrome, i-lens luxation, i-cataract.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kuncike kakhulu embangela yayo kanye nesikhathi sokuvakashela udokotela. Ezinkingeni zamehlo ezinjeni, okuyizimpawu zamehlo aguqubele, elinye lamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni okuphumelelayo ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwe-pathology. Uma ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kusenesikhathi, izinkinga eziningi zingaxazululwa ngokwelashwa kokwelapha - amaconsi namafutha okugcoba. Ezigabeni ezithuthukile, ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Corneal nge-keratitis nezilonda ngokuvamile kudinga ukususa imbangela yenkinga nokuphulukisa i-cornea ngamaconsi anomswakama kanye namaconsi e-antibiotic. Uma umonakalo ukha phezulu futhi umusha, ukwelashwa kunikeza imiphumela ngokushesha, futhi ngeke kube nemiphumela yokulimala esikhathini esizayo. Uma isimo singanakwa, futhi izilonda zijulile, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuyadingeka. Okokuqala, i-cornea ihlanzwa, isusa izicubu ezifile futhi ilinganisa imiphetho yesilonda, khona-ke iso limbozwa ngengubo yokuzivikela - usebenzisa amajwabu amehlo enja noma i-lens yokufakelwa. Ngomonakalo ojulile, isibazi sihlala ku-cornea ngendlela yamachashazi amhlophe aguqubele.

Ukwelashwa izinqubo zokuvuvukala ngaphakathi kwamehlo (i-uveitis, panophthalmitis) - yinde kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, ekhethwe ngabanye esimweni ngasinye somtholampilo. Kuyo, inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa zendawo kanye nezidakamizwa ngaphakathi zisetshenziswa - ama-antibiotics, amahomoni, izidakamizwa ezingezona ze-steroidal ezilwa nokuvuvukala.

I-glaucoma - ukuxilongwa kwe-ophthalmological okunzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yokwanda kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kweso, zonke izakhiwo ziyahlupheka. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ekwelapheni kuhloswe ukulawula ukukhiqizwa koketshezi lwe-intraocular nokucindezela ngaphakathi kweso. Yabela izidakamizwa ezihambisanayo ukuze unciphise izimpawu futhi unciphise imiphumela yokunyuka kwengcindezi. Ngeshwa, ukwelashwa kokwelapha akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi kulokhu, ukulungiswa kokuhlinzwa kwenziwa. Uma isimo senja singathuthuki ngemva kokuhlinzwa, iso kumele likhishwe.

Noma iyiphi izinguquko ilensi ingelashwa kuphela ngokuhlinzwa. Azikho izidakamizwa ezingena kuwo, ngakho-ke, akukho okungenzeka kwamafutha noma amaconsi ukuphulukisa i-cataract noma ukuqinisa imigqa yayo. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-cataract, i-lens iyasuswa futhi ifakwe entsha - i-cataract phacoemulsification. Nge-luxation, i-lens ehlukanisiwe iyasuswa, futhi ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukufaka entsha.

Izifo zofuzo (i-pannus ne-uveodermal syndrome, i-dystrophies) ayinakwelashwa. Kulezi zimo, ukwelashwa okusekelayo kuphela kwenziwa ukunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo futhi kuthuthukise izinga lempilo yesilwane esifuywayo. Faka izidakamizwa ze-hormonal kanye nama-immunosuppressants (izidakamizwa zokunciphisa ukuzivikela kwamehlo wendawo). I-Pannus ibuye inqunywe ukuthi igqoke izibuko zezinja.

Prevention

Amehlo aguqubele enjeni kuwuphawu olubi kakhulu olusongela ukulahlekelwa ukubona. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuvimbela izifo kusengaphambili.

Njalo phatha ama-parasites – ngaphandle nangaphakathi, landela uhlelo lokugoma. Izinqubo zokuvuvukala ngokuvamile ziwumphumela wamagciwane nama-parasites.

Qaphela izimo ze-zoohygienic - sebenzisa ukudla okuphelele, qapha inhlanzeko yejazi, izimo ezifanele.

Ningazikholwa izinganekwane. Ziningi izinganekwane mayelana nezici zamehlo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, kuthiwa kuyinto evamile ukuba uSpitz ahlengezele izinyembezi. Ngokuvamile, zonke izinhlobo zezinja zinamehlo acwebezelayo, ama-cornea akhanyayo, futhi azikho izinyembezi ezingaphezulu kwejazi.

Noma yiziphi izinguquko emehlweni zidinga ngokushesha ukuhlolwa ngudokotela wezilwane - ububomvu, amaqhubu, ukukhishwa, i-turbidity. Ungazilaphi.

Lapho ukhetha inja thola inzalo yakhe. Qaphela izimo zamehlo futhi ucele ukuhlolwa kofuzo kubazali bomdlwane ukuze ubone ukuthi banalo yini isakhi sofuzo esingavamile esingabangela i-pannus, luxation, noma i-cataract.

Hlola amehlo enja yakho njalo, qaphela udokotela emehlweni lapho evakashele emtholampilo – ukuze agonywe, anqunywe izinzipho noma ahlolwe udokotela.

Inja inamehlo aguqubele - isifinyezo

• Uma ubona ukuthi inja inamehlo aguquguqukayo, cabanga ukuthi lokhu kungase kube inkambiso ye-physiological ehlotshaniswa, isibonelo, nobudala. Khumbula ukuthi uthuthuva lwavela kudala kangakanani. Ezinjeni ezindala, i-cloudiness ikhula kancane kakhulu, futhi ukushintsha kombala nokucwebezela kwamehlo akubonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi i-pathology.

• Hlola ukuthi inja iyabona yini. Khanyisa ukukhanya esweni futhi ubone ukuthi umfundi uyavumelana yini. Zama ukuthatha inja yakho uyoshaywa umoya endaweni entsha futhi ubone ukuthi izula kanjani. Ukuthi uhamba ngokucophelela, ngezikhathi ezithile eshayisana nayo yonke into, noma uhlola ngokuzethemba indawo entsha.

• Bheka ukuthi unezinkinga ezihambisanayo yini - ukuphuma emehlweni, ukuklolodela, ukwesaba ukukhanya nokunye.

• Uma inja ihlanzekile, zama ukuthola kubalimi ukuthi wayegula ebuntwaneni, futhi uma abazali bakhe benezifo zamehlo. Ungathola nolwazi mayelana nezifo zofuzo zamehlo ohlobo oluthile ngokwakho.

• Bonana nodokotela wamehlo wezilwane ukuze ahlolwe amehlo ngokushesha uma inja inenkinga yokubona, izwa ubuhlungu, inokukhishwa kwamehlo, isengozini yesifo sofuzo, noma iguqubele ngokushesha okukhulu.

Izimpendulo zemibuzo evame ukubuzwa

NgoDisemba 16 2021

Kuvuselelwe: Disemba 20, 2021