Indlela yokunquma ubulili be-turtle: umfana noma intombazane?

Izimfudu zamanzi nezasemhlabeni sekuyisikhathi eside ziyizintandokazi emindenini eminingi. Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sokukhetha isidlaliso, abathandi bezilwane ezihuquzelayo baqala ukuzibuza ukuthi ubani ohlala nabo: umfana noma intombazane? Kunezibonakaliso eziningana ze-physiological lapho owesifazane angahlukaniswa khona nowesilisa.

Indlela yokunquma ubulili bofudu

Kungenzeka ukunquma ngokuthembekile ubulili kanye neminyaka ye-turtle ekhaya kuphela ngemva kokuba izimfudu ezincane zifinyelele ekuthombeni. Ngaphansi kwezimo zendawo yokuhlala, ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-6-8. Izimfudu zasekhaya zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke usungakwazi ukuhlukanisa izici zobulili ezingaqondile ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo ezineminyaka engu-2-5 ubudala ezinobude begobolondo lika-9-11 cm. Ungabethembi abathengisi abangathembekile abathola umehluko wobulili ezinganeni ezincane kakhulu.

Ukuthola iminyaka eqondile yesilwane esihuquzelayo kuyinkinga. Izimfudu zomhlaba azifuywanga ngokwenziwa, zibanjwa endaweni yazo yemvelo futhi zilethwe eRussia. Izimfudu ezinezindlebe ezibomvu zizaliswa eYurophu, kodwa izinga lokukhula kwazo lincike ngokuphelele ezimweni zokuboshwa. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ngokunembile iminyaka yofudu kusukela kubude begobolondo, inani lamasongo wonyaka, nokushintsha kombala wama-scutes.

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo azinazo izici zobulili zangaphandle, ubulili bofudu bunqunywa ukuma kwegobolondo, izinzipho, isisu, umsila, i-cloaca. Ezimweni zomtholampilo wezilwane, ungathola ubulili bofudu usebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuxilonga: i-ultrasound, i-x-ray, ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri yokuhlolwa kwegazi kwamahomoni. Kodwa akufanele ubeke ukucindezeleka okungadingekile esilwaneni esifuywayo esingavamile, akunzima ukunquma ubulili bofudu ngokutadisha ngokucophelela umehluko wangaphandle kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha zabantu bobulili obuhlukile.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokunquma ubulili kuma-turtles

Ukuze uthole ubulili besilwane esifuywayo, kunconywa ukuthi isinyathelo ngesinyathelo siqhathanise umehluko we-anatomical kubantu abahlukene beminyaka efanayo nezinhlobo zezilwane. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-turtle iphila kanjani ubulili ku-terrarium noma i-aquarium, kuhle ukunaka izici ezilandelayo zocansi ezilandelayo.

shell

Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa i-turtle yomfana egobolondweni lentombazane ngendlela yegobolondo enobude okungenani obuyi-10 cm; ngaphambi kokufika ekuvuthweni kobulili, zonke izimfudu zibukeka njengezinsikazi. Insikazi kufanele ithwale amaqanda enzalo yesikhathi esizayo, ngokulandelana, igobolondo layo likhulu futhi linamandla kakhulu kuneleduna elineminyaka efanayo. Abantu besilisa bahlukaniswa ngesimo esincane nesinwetshiwe “sezikhali” ezivikelayo.

plastron

I-plastron ingaphansi kwegobolondo, abanikazi abaningi bezilwane ezihuquzelayo ababiza ngokuthi "isisu". Ukuze ufunde ngokuningiliziwe umehluko esiswini sezilwane ezihuquzelayo, kuyadingeka ukubeka abantu ababili emhlane wabo. Izimfudu azithandi ngempela ukuba sesimweni esifanayo futhi zizama ukuluma umenzi wobubi, ngakho-ke, ngale ndlela yokunquma ubulili, kuyadingeka ukugcina izinyathelo zokuphepha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi ufudu luhlala ekhaya, owesilisa noma owesifazane, ngokuma kwe-plastron. Imvelo idale ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo umehluko odingekayo ekuzaleni. I-plastron emantombazaneni inendawo eyisicaba, kanti kubafana i-concave, ngenxa yokuthi iduna libanjwe emzimbeni wensikazi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukunaka ukuma kwengemuva lesisu sesilwane esifuywayo. Abesifazane bahlukaniswa ngesimo esiyindilinga se-plastron, abesilisa banenotshi yesici esingunxantathu engxenyeni engezansi, okudingekayo ukuvikela umsila ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Le notshi igqame kakhulu kuma-marsh turtles.

Usayizi

Ukuhlukanisa ubulili izimfudu ezifuywayo kungaba ngqo ubukhulu igobolondo. Izingane zicishe zilingane ngobude nobude bomzimba zisencane, kodwa ngemva kokuqala kokuthomba, abesifazane baqala ukukhula kakhulu. Kulula kakhulu ukunquma insikazi lapho uqhathanisa nezimfudu ezivuthiwe zobulili obuhlukene; owesilisa ngokumelene nesizinda sowesifazane ubukeka ehlangene kakhulu futhi emincane.

Le ndlela ayifanele ukunqunywa ubulili ezihuqubeni zasendle, i-Galapagos yesilisa, izimfudu zaseNingizimu Afrika ezinoqhwaku, ugwadule, ibhokisi, izimfudu kanye nezimfudu zodaka eziphuzi zinkulu kakhulu kunezinsikazi zezinhlobo zazo.

Umsila

Akunzima ukunquma ubulili bofudu ngomsila walo uma kungenzeka ukuqhathanisa ngesikhathi esisodwa abantu abambalwa bezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Izimfudu zinepipi emsileni, ngakho abafana bayahluka emantombazaneni ngomsila omude onesisekelo esibanzi. Emsileni wezinsikazi kukhona ama-oviducts, abesifazane banomsila omuhle omfishane futhi owugqinsi onesisekelo esincanyana. Ngezinye izikhathi lapho begeza, bekhipha amathumbu, noma bexhaphaza ingemuva lomzimba, abesilisa bakhulula ipipi labo elihle, elifana nembali yerose, emsileni wabo. Uma usithinta ngesandla, isitho somzimba siyawa ngaso leso sikhathi futhi sicashe ngemuva. Uma lesi sibonakaliso sitholakala, umnikazi ngeke esaba nokungabaza ngobulili besilwane sakhe esifuywayo.

I-Cloaca

Ungakwazi futhi ukuhlola ubulili bofudu ngokuma kwe-cloaca - ingxenye yokugcina enwetshiwe ye-hindgut, etholakala kuzo zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane ezihlala emanzini, izinyoni nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo. Imvelo iklomelise izimfudu zesifazane ngesimo esihle se-cloaca ngendlela yenkanyezi, etholakala eduze nesisekelo somsila omfushane. Abesilisa bahluke kokubili ngokuma kwengxenye yokugcina yamathumbu, efana nomugqa we-longitudinal, futhi endaweni yayo, i-cloaca kwabesilisa itholakala engxenyeni engezansi yesithathu yomsila omude.

Claws

Ukunqunywa kobulili bezimfudu ezinamadlebe abomvu kwenziwa nangokuma kwezinzipho zangaphambili. Izimfudu eziduna zasemanzini ahlanzekile zinezinzipho ezinde, ezinamandla okubamba amaduna egobolondweni lensikazi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Lesi sici siwuphawu lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo eziningi zesilisa zasemanzini ahlanzekile kanye nezasolwandle. Kodwa ngokuhlukile, imvelo iye yaklomelisa izimfudu zezingwe ezinkulu zase-Afrika ezinezinzipho ezinde emilenzeni yazo yangemuva, ezisetshenziswa abesifazane abavuthiwe ngokobulili lapho bebekela amaqanda.

Ukuma kwekhala

Abafana abanezindlebe ezibomvu banekhala elihlanzekile nelicijile kunamantombazane ohlobo olufanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubulili bunganqunywa ithoni yomugqa obomvu ngemuva kwamehlo ezilwane ezihuquzelayo zasemanzini ahlanzekile. Lapho ufinyelela ukuthomba kwabesilisa, umugqa we-longitudinal uthola umbala obomvu okhanyayo uma uqhathaniswa nomthunzi okhanyayo kwabesifazane balolu hlobo.

I-hip spurs

Imvelo iklomelise izimfudu zezwe ezinomehluko wezocansi - ukuba khona kwezicubu ezinkulu zesikhumba emathangeni ezitho zangemuva. Ama-hip spurs atholakala kuphela kuzimfudu zesilisa.

Umbala wamehlo

Umbala wamehlo awuyona inkomba enembile yomehluko wezocansi wezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Izimfudu zesifazane ezinama-marsh zinamehlo aphuzi, abafana banamehlo ansundu, izimfudu ze-Caroline box zesifazane zinamehlo ansundu, kanti abesilisa banamehlo abomvu. Lesi sici singasetshenziswa ekuqhathaniseni okuhlanganisiwe kokunye umehluko we-anatomical wabantu abathandana nobulili obuhlukile.

Ukuziphatha

Ngokokuziphatha kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezingavamile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuthomba, abafana namantombazane bahlukaniswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Abesifazane bavame ukuba nesimo esizolile esinamahloni, abesilisa babonakala ngokuthatheka, ukudlala ngothando nokushela intombazane abayithandayo. Uma abesilisa abaningana benento efanayo yokuthakasela, bangaqala izimpi ezinegazi, ezigcwele ukulimala okunzima.

Ukuhlelwa kwedatha etholwe ngokuqhathanisa zonke izici zocansi kwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa ufudu lwentombazane nomfana lapho esekhulile. Kokubili izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisekhaya nezinsikazi zihlala futhi zijabulisa ezazo isikhathi eside.