Igobolondo le-Turtle: kuyini futhi kungani lidingeka?

Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, isilwane esimangalisa kakhulu ufudu, oluhlala luhlala endlini yalo yamagobolondo. Ishintsha kakhulu ukwakheka komzimba, uhlaka lwamathambo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yemisipha. Ukuba khona kwe-hard stratum corneum ebusweni besilwane kuphakamisa imibuzo eminingi. Ngokwesibonelo, igobolondo likafudu lihlelwa kanjani futhi lihlanganisani?

Amaqiniso omlando: igobolondo lavelaphi?

Igobolondo le-turtle lisebenza njengesivikelo ezitheni, lapho likwazi ukucasha ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lesi yisikhali sangempela, sivikela ngokuthembekile isilwane. Igobolondo liqukethe amapuleti amabili (phezulu nangaphansi), asekelwa izimbambo ezihlanganisiwe. Lokhu kwakha isakhiwo esiqinile esikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo.

Ukwakheka kwegobolondo kwaqhubeka kancane kancane. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi izimfudu ziyizilwane zasendulo ezehlele kithi kusukela esikhathini seJurassic (eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-200 edlule), kungacatshangwa ukuthi ekuqaleni babenesakhiwo esihlukile. Ngo-2008, ochwepheshe baseShayina bathola uhlaka lwamathambo “lofudu olunamazinyo olunohhafu wegobolondo.” Igobolondo le-turtle lavela ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, futhi ekuqaleni kuphela ingxenye yalo engaphezulu, i-carpax, yasungulwa.

Ososayensi bathole izinsalela zezihlobo eziseduze zomndeni we-turtle, ezihlukile:

• izimbambo eziguquliwe, ezingahlanganisiwe;
• izinzipho ezinamandla;
• amalunga athuthukile.

Izimbambo ezingahlanganisiwe azizange zinikeze ukuvikeleka okuthembekile, kodwa zavumela amaphaphu ukuba agcwalise umoya. Ngokunokwenzeka, ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa kwePermian, lapho ubumnyama nokupholisa kungena emhlabeni, okhokho bofudu lomhlaba bacasha ngaphansi komhlaba, bemba imigodi. Uhlaka lwamathambo kanye nemisipha eqinile kwasiza ekumbeni umhlabathi ngesimiso sokumba i-excavator.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimbambo zaqala ukukhula ndawonye, ​​futhi kancane kancane isilwane sajwayela ukwakheka komzimba waso, saba namandla ohlelweni olusha lokuphefumula nokunyakaza. Izimbambo ezihlanganisiwe zenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlanganisa izingxenye ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi "zendlu" zibe yimbumba eyodwa, futhi igobolondo ladingeka ukuze ufudu luvikeleke.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa: Kwakungenzeka ukuthola izinsalela zolunye uhlobo lwamadlozi, futhi emathanjeni azungeze izisekelo zamehlo, kwaba sobala ukuthi izilwane zazichitha isikhathi esiningi ebumnyameni. Lokhu kuqinisekisa inkolelo-mbono yendlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba.

Isakhiwo segobolondo

Ngaphansi kwegobolondo lofudu kunomgogodla, onomumo we-arc, ogobele ngaphandle. Izimbambo zixhunywe kuyo, ezixhunywe kuma-collarbones engxenyeni yawo engezansi. I-carpax (okuthiwa ingemuva lesihlangu segobolondo lofudu) kanye ne-plastron (ingxenye engezansi) zinamathele ngokuvikelekile kuhlaka lwamathambo futhi zibambeke endaweni egxilile yizimbambo, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukudonsa isilwane esihuquzelayo indlu”. Ufudu alukwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwegobolondo. Inezimbobo ezintathu kuphela zekhanda, imilenze nomsila ezikwazi ukuhlehla ngophakathi.

Ukwakheka kwegobolondo le-tortoise kanye nezici zohlaka lwamathambo kubangele i-atrophy yemisipha eminingi yesisu, kodwa uhlaka lwemisipha yentamo nemilenze luthuthuke kahle, oluvumela ukuthi lukwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enzima lapho luhamba. I-keratinized coating iqinile kakhulu futhi ingamelana nesisindo esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-200 ngaphezu kwesisindo sesilwane.

Abanye abantu banekhono eliyingqayizivele lokudonsa i-carpax ku-plastron, benze isihlangu esingemuva sofudu, lapho sizizwa siphephile ngokuphelele, sicashe ngaphakathi. Iphinde yenza eminye imisebenzi, ivikele umzimba ekudluleleni noma ekuntuleni ukushisa.

Qaphela: Ama-scutes we-carapace ambozwa imigqa eqondile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenxa yabo, izazi ze-herpetologists zinquma iminyaka yesilwane kanye nesimo sayo sempilo.

Igobolondo lofudu lenziwe ngamapuleti aminyene amathambo. Ku-carpace yofudu, amapuleti ahlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile:

• umugqa womgogodla noma ophakathi;
• i-lateral, etholakala ezinhlangothini ze-ridge;
• amapuleti onqenqema.

Ngaphandle, i-carpax imbozwe ngolunye ungqimba lwamapuleti e-keratinized, abekwe ngokungahleliwe. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi wenze igobolondo lethambo eliqinile. Ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo zasemhlabeni, iyabuswa, ezihuquzelayo zasemanzini inomumo ohleleke kakhudlwana.

I-plastron yakhiwe ngamapuleti amathambo angu-9, angu-4 awo abhanqiwe. Eyesishiyagalolunye itholakala phakathi nendawo ngaphambili, amapuleti amakhulu kunawo wonke. I-plastron iwukuqedwa kwe-anatomical kwebhande langaphambili kanye nezimbambo lapho lixhunywe khona. Ngamafomu asemhlabeni mkhulu futhi uhlala isikhathi eside, emanzini aguqulwa abe amapuleti e-cruciform lighter.

Qaphela: Igobolondo le-turtle alikho i-keratinized ngokuphelele, liqukethe izinzwa nemithambo yegazi. Lapho isilwane sishaywa noma silimele, siyalimala futhi sisezinhlungwini.

Amandla kanye nombala wegobolondo

Ukuthi igobolondo likafudu lihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani kuncike ohlotsheni oluthile, ubukhulu, nendawo yokuhlala yesilwane. Kodwa awukwazi ukukubiza ngokuthi akungeneki. Lokhu kusetshenziswa izinyoni nezilwane ezidla ezinye ezehlisa isilwane sisuka phezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, "igobolondo elivikelayo" liyaqhuma futhi ubumnandi obumnandi bulungele ukudliwa.

Uma isilwane esihuquzelayo sihlala ekuthunjweni, khona-ke singawiswa, sishaywe, sincishwe ngomnyango. Konke lokhu kuholela ekulimaleni, njengoba izinto okwenziwa ngazo igobolondo lofudu akuzona izembatho zempi ngomqondo ongokoqobo wegama.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa: Emvelweni, kunofudu olunwebekayo, olumbozwe ngegobolondo elithambile. Mncane (umzimba - kufika ku-20 cm) ohlala emadwaleni ase-Afrika nama-savannah.

Uma kwenzeka kuba sengozini, iyakwazi ukukhama ingene esikhaleni esincane kakhulu edwaleni futhi umhlaseli awukwazi ukuwukhipha lapho.

Umbala kanye nephethini yama-horny scutes ahlukahlukene, ancike ezinhlobonhlobo kanye negama lomuntu ngamunye. Ngenxa yomdwebo, kungenzeka ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zesilwane esithile. Ufudu olusegobolondweni lezihlangu ezinhle, ezinemibala eminingi lusazingelwa abazingeli. Ukwakheka kwezimpondo kusetshenziselwa ukwenza amafreyimu embukwane, amakesi, izibambo zommese nezinye izinto.

Lakheka kanjani igobolondo kuma-turtles amancane?

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo azinandaba nezingane zazo. Amawundlu achanyuselwe ngokwezinga lemvelo agijimela olwandle noma endaweni yokukhosela emhlabeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, basengozini kakhulu, nakuba izimfudu zizalwa negobolondo. Kodwa "igobolondo elivikelayo" alikakakhiwa ngokwanele futhi "ama-gourmets" (izinyoni, izinkalankala, ama-raccoon) adla izingane ngokuzithandela.

Bazivumelanisa nemvelo, futhi igobolondo le-turtle lakhiwa kanyekanye nokukhula kwalo, okuhlala iminyaka engaba ngu-10, kuze kube yilapho isilwane siba umuntu omdala. Izihlangu ezintsha ziqala ukukhula emaphethelweni. Phakathi kwamapuleti kubantu abasha kukhona izikhala ezibanzi, ngakho-ke "izikhali" azinawo amandla aphezulu. Khona-ke amapuleti e-oblique aqala ukwanda ngosayizi futhi avale kancane kancane. Likhula kanje igobolondo likafudu.

Ezilwaneni ezifuywayo, ukukhula kwayo "kwe-pyramidal" ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka, okuyi-pathology. Lokhu kubangelwa ukufakwa okungalungile kwe-keratin - iphrotheni okuvela kuyo amapuleti anezimpondo. Kungase kube namabala noma ukuguquguquka kombala: lokhu kuyinkomba yokukhula kokutheleleka. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zibonakala ngokuvuselelwa kabusha, lapho izindawo ezilimele zikwazi ukuziphilisa.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa: Kukhona i-phosphorus ekubunjweni kofudu "idome". Uma isilwane sishisa ilanga isikhathi eside, ebusuku siyakwazi ukukhanya, sinikeze indawo yesilwane.

Umehluko ekwakhekeni kwegobolondo lomhlabathi nezimfudu zasolwandle

Ukwakheka kwamathambo ezinhlobo zasolwandle akuhlukile kakhulu ezihlotsheni zabo zasemhlabeni. Zonke izimfudu zinegobolondo, kodwa ukwakheka kwazo kuhluke ngandlela thize kwabakhileyo emanzini nasemhlabeni. Ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo zasemhlabeni, ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Lesi isivikelo esiqinile esinesakhiwo esiyiconvex.

Liyini igobolondo lofudu oluhlala endaweni ehlala emanzini? Ezimpilweni zasolwandle, i-voluminous futhi iyisicaba. Ngesikhathi sokuvela kofudu lwasolwandle, wakha uhlaka olumise okwe-teardrop, olulula futhi lukuvumela ukuthi uhambe ngokushesha ezingqimbeni zamanzi. Njengoba igobolondo liyisicaba, futhi ikhanda namaphiko ezilwane zasolwandle kukhulu, akakwazi ukukufihla. Isivinini siyisihluthulelo sokuphepha kwesilwane kanye nekhono lokuthola ukudla. Amaphiko angaphambili makhudlwana futhi anamandla kunawangemuva, asiza isilwane esihuquzelayo ukuba sihambe ngokushesha.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa: Izakhamuzi zasolwandle zinkulu impela ngosayizi. “Ziqinile kakhulu” ezilwaneni eziningi ezidla ezinye zasolwandle, njengoba zingakwazi ukugwinya isilwane esihuquzelayo esikhulu.

Phakathi kwabantu basolwandle, ufudu lwe-leatherback lugqama ngesakhiwo esikhethekile ngakho-ke lukhuliswa lwaba yi-subspecies ehlukene. Akanawo amazipho emapheshaneni akhe, futhi amapuleti anezimpondo zezikhali athathelwa indawo ungqimba lwesikhumba olunesikhumba. Lezi zinhlobo ze-turtle zingaphila ngaphandle kwegobolondo. Kodwa lesi yisilwane kuphela futhi esiyingqayizivele, okufana naso okungekho.

Igobolondo “ikhadi locingo” lofudu. Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo esingavamile sihamba yonke indawo nendlu yaso. Sivela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-200 edlule, isilwane siqhubeka nohambo lwaso oluhamba kancane emhlabeni wonke. Manje siyazi impendulo yombuzo othi: kungani ufudu ludinga igobolondo.