I-hamster empunga (isithombe)

I-hamster empunga (i-Cricetulus migratorius) iyingxenye ye-hamster empunga yomndeni we-hamster, ithimba lamagundane.

ukubukeka

Ubude bomzimba wesilwane busuka ku-9 kuye ku-13 cm. Umsila ucishe ube ngenalutho, mfushane, ufike ku-4 cm. Izincazelo zombala we-hamster empunga ziyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo yokuhlala, lokhu kungenxa yomsebenzi wayo wokufihla. Uboya obuluhlaza buvela kusukela ekukhanyeni kuya kokumpunga okumnyama. Ingaphansi lomzimba lihlala lilula, i-fawn. Izindlebe zincane, ziyindilinga, awukho umngcele okhanyayo. Izidladla zimbozwe ngezinwele kuma-calluses aphinyiselwe. Amehlo amnyama nezikhwama ezihlathini zegundane zinkulu ngokuqhathaniswa.

habitat

Lezi zinhlobo zivame ukuhlala ezindaweni eziyisicaba nezintaba, ogwadule, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zikhetha uhlobo lwe-agrolandscape njengendawo yokuhlala. Ezweni laseRussia, indawo yokuhlala ihlanganisa eningizimu yengxenye yaseYurophu yezwe, eningizimu yeWestern Siberia kanye neCaucasus.

Ukuphila

I-hamster empunga isebusuku, ngezinye izikhathi iyasebenza phakathi nosuku. Lapho eyofuna ukudla, kufanele anyakaze kakhulu, kodwa akavamile ukuphuma endlini amabanga amade. Ngokuvamile kuba 200-300 amamitha. Kodwa-ke, kwatholakala ukuthi ngisho nokuba kude kwamamitha angu-700 ukusuka endaweni yokuhlala, i-hamster empunga ingathola kalula indlela eya ekhaya.

Igundane alivamile ukumba umgodi, lincamela ukuhlala ezindlini ezingasasetshenziswa zezimvukuzane, amagundane, amagundane noma izingwejeje zasemhlabathini. Ngezinye izikhathi kutholakala ezindaweni zokukhosela zemvelo (imigodi emadwaleni noma ezindaweni zokubeka amatshe). Uma kungenjalo, wenza imbobo ngokwakhe, ehla nge-engeli engu-30-40 cm. Ngaphezu kwegumbi lokuzalela emgodini, kukhona njalo indawo yokugcina ukudla - inqolobane.

Esikhathini esibandayo, isilwane singawela endaweni engajulile (lokhu kuvame kakhulu kuma-hamster ahlala enyakatho noma ezindaweni ezisezintabeni), kodwa ngokuvamile kubonakala ebusweni namazinga okushisa aphansi.

Ama-hamster ampunga azala kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba, ngalesi sikhathi umsebenzi wansuku zonke wezilwane uyanda. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-15 kuye kwezingama-20, futhi phakathi nenkathi insikazi ingaletha amalitha ama-3 wamawundlu angama-5-10 lilinye. Ukukhula okuncane kuxazululwa lapho eneminyaka engaba ngamaviki ama-4.

Ubuningi buthonywa inani lemvula ngesikhathi sokuzala: liyakhula eminyakeni eyomile, kodwa lihlala liphansi kakhulu. I-hamster empunga ikhetha ukuba yedwa; amaqoqo amakhulu abantu balolu hlobo ayivelakancane kakhulu. Izitha zemvelo izinyoni ezidla inyama (i-harrier, isikhova) kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo (impungushe, i-ferret, i-ermine). Ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nomanyolo we-inorganic nakho kungathinta inala.

Isilwane asithobekile ekudleni - i-omnivorous. Okuthandwayo kunikezwa ukudla okusanhlamvu, imbewu engakavuthwa kanye nama-inflorescences okusanhlamvu.

Kwesinye isikhathi isilwane singadla izingxenye ezithambile zezitshalo eziluhlaza, kodwa asikudli ukudla okumahhadlahhadla njengotshani basendle, ngokungafani ne-vole ehlobene. I-hamster empunga ngokuzithandela idla amabhungane, izibungu, iminenke, amacimbi, izintuthwane, izibungu zezinambuzane.

Izinyathelo zokuvikela izinhlobo zezilwane

Indawo yokuhlala yezilwane ibanzi kakhulu, kodwa inani lezilwane alibaningi. Uma eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule lesi silwane sasivame kakhulu emathafeni, manje sesiyivelakancane kakhulu. Azikho izinombolo eziqondile.

Ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia, i-hamster empunga ibhalwe ku-Red Book yesifunda. Izifunda ezinikeze isigaba sezinhlobo ze-III (izinhlobo ezingavamile, ezingeziningi, ezingafundwa kahle): izifunda zaseLipetsk, eSamara, eTula, eRyazan, e-Chelyabinsk.

Imibandela yokuboshwa

Ekuthunjweni, uhlobo alunasizotha, izimo zokuboshwa cishe azihlukani nezincomo ze-hamster yegolide. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi emvelweni i-hamster empunga idla izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zembewu nokudla kwezilwane, ekhaya kungcono ukunikeza okuthandayo ingxube yokuphakelayo eyenziwe ngomumo yamagundane. Lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngokudla okulinganiselayo. Ekhejini elibanzi, isondo eligijimayo, isitsha sokuphuza kanye nendlu encane kufanele kufakwe. Kancane kancane, lesi silwane sijwayela umnikazi waso, siqala ukubona ubuso nezandla zakhe. Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-hamster empunga ikwazi ngisho nokukhumbula igama layo futhi ize ocingweni. Lesi silwane esithandekayo esinamehlo amakhulu singaba isilwane esifuywayo somndeni uma izidingo zaso ezinesizotha zihlangatshezwa ukunakwa nokunakekelwa okuncane.