Izifo zamehlo ku-red-eared turtles: izimpawu nokwelashwa

Izinkinga zamehlo kuzimfudu ezinamadlebe abomvu zivame ukuba yinto ebangelwa ukuphakelwa okungafanele kwesilwane esifuywayo esinemilenze emine, ukwephulwa kwezindinganiso zokuphakela kanye nenhlanzeko. Amehlo abuhlungu abangela ukungakhululeki okukhulu kwesilwane esihuquzelayo, isilwane siyeka ukuhamba esikhaleni, singasebenzi futhi senqabe ukudla.

Kungenzeka ukwelapha amehlo ofudu olubomvu ekhaya ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo, kodwa ngokuvamile ukwelashwa okungafundile noma ukuntuleka kokwelashwa kuholela ekulahlekelweni kombono okuyingxenye noma okuphelele.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zezifo zamehlo

Amehlo ofudu olunempilo ahlala evulekile futhi ecacile, ngaphandle kokufiphazwa kwe-lens, ukubomvu kwe-conjunctiva nokuphuma. Ungaqonda ukuthi isilwane esihuquzelayo sinamehlo abuhlungu ngesithombe somtholampilo:

• amajwabu amehlo avuvukele kakhulu esilwaneni esihuquzelayo;
• isilwane sihamba emhlabathini nasemanzini sivale amehlo amabili;
• ukuqoqwa kobomvu okuphuzi noma okumhlophe kutholakala emagumbini wamehlo;
• kukhona i-lacrimation eningi, ukukhishwa kwe-mucous noma i-purulent ezingxenyeni zombono;
• i-membrane ye-mucous yeso ibomvu, i-exudate egobile ingase iqoqwe ngaphansi kwejwabu leso eliphansi;
• ukufiphala kwe-cornea kwenzeka, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala amafilimu amhlophe kuwo;
• i-blepharospasm, i-photophobia kanye nokunyakaza kwe-eyeball okukhubazekile kungase kubonwe;
• ngezinye izikhathi isilwane sihlikihla amehlo aso nekhala ngezidladla zaso ngobudlova.

Isilwane esigulayo silahlekelwa ikhono lokuhamba kahle emkhathini, ngenxa yalokho isilwane esifuywayo asikwazi ukudla ngokugcwele nokuhambahamba. Ngokumelene nesizinda sokuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu ze-ophthalmic, isilwane esihuquzelayo siqala ukukhathala kanye nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile, i-turtle yenqaba ukudla futhi ingasebenzi. Ukwelapha amehlo ofudu ngaphandle kokuthola imbangela yangempela yalesi sifo kuyinkinga.

Amajwabu amehlo avuvukele futhi avaliwe ngokuvamile yizimpawu zezifo zesistimu, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwamehlo kuzosebenza kuphela ngokwelashwa okuhloswe ukuqeda imbangela ye-pathology. Ukuvuvukala kwezitho zombono ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo kungase kube ngenxa yamaphutha ekudleni nasekunakekeleni: ukuhlanza okungavamile phansi namanzi, ukuntuleka kwesistimu yokuhlunga kanye nesibani se-ultraviolet, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini A, D kanye ne-calcium ekudleni kwesilwane, ukugcina. isilwane esifuywayo emanzini abandayo.

Ngokuvamile, i-ophthalmic pathologies ivela ngokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, igciwane, ibhaktheriya, i-parasitic, i-fungal noma imikhuhlane. Ngezinye izikhathi imbangela yezifo zamehlo ukuguga kwe-turtle yamanzi, ukulimala nokushiswa kwamehlo, ukuvezwa kwemisebe noma i-ultraviolet, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kanye nokukhubazeka kwezitho zombono.

Ukwelashwa kwezifo zamehlo e-red-ered turtle kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela wezilwane noma i-herpetologist ngemva kokuhlolwa okuphelele nokuxilongwa. Ukusebenza kwezinyathelo zokwelapha ngokuqondile kuncike ekufikeni kwesikhathi komnikazi wesilwane othintana nomtholampilo kanye nobukhulu benkambo yenqubo ye-pathological, ngakho-ke, lapho izimpawu zokuqala zezifo zamehlo zitholakala ku-turtle enamadlebe abomvu, kunconywa ukuba ngokushesha afune usizo kodokotela.

Izifo zamehlo

Izifo zamehlo ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo zingesinye sezizathu ezivame kakhulu ezenza abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo bafune iseluleko sezilwane. Lawa ma-ophthalmic pathologies alandelayo atholakala ezitshudeni zasemanzini: i-conjunctivitis, i-panophthalmitis, ukusha kwamehlo, ulwelwesi lwamehlo, i-blepharoconjunctivitis, uveitis, i-keratitis, i-optic neuropathy, nobumpumputhe. Akunakwenzeka ukubuyisela umbono olahlekile ezilwaneni ezifuywayo; ukubikezelwa kokwelashwa kwe-pathologies yamehlo kungaba kusuka kokuvumayo kuye kokungabaza noma okungekuhle.

I-Conjunctivitis

I-Conjunctivitis yisifo sokuvuvukala solwelwesi lwamafinyila esweni, okwenzeka lapho i-microflora ye-pathogenic - i-streptococci ne-staphylococci - ingena ku-conjunctiva.

Isizathu se-ophthalmic pathology ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo kungaba:

• amanzi angcolile;
• ukuhlukumezeka kwamehlo;
• ukungena kwemizimba yangaphandle ku-conjunctiva;
• ukungezwani komzimba nephunga elinamandla, impova yezitshalo noma intuthu;
• ukungabi namavithamini.

Esilwaneni esigulayo:

• amehlo avuvukele namanzi;
• ulwelwesi lwama-mucous luthola umbala we-burgundy;
• ukukhishwa kwe-mucous kanye ne-purulent emehlweni nasemakhaleni kubonakala;
• amehlo anamathele ndawonye futhi avuvuke;
• isilwane siyayeka ukudla nokuhamba.

I-Panophthalmitis

I-ophthalmic pathology lapho zonke izicubu ze-eye zilimala khona ibizwa ngokuthi i-panophthalmitis. I-microflora ye-pathogenic kulesi sifo ingena ngaphansi kwe-cornea yeso isuka emlonyeni womlomo ngokusebenzisa i-lacrimal canal. Uphawu lokuqala lwalesi sifo ukuvuvukala kwejwabu leso elingezansi kanye nokufiphala kancane kwe-cornea, kamuva, lapho zonke izakhiwo zeso libhujiswa amagciwane, iso lesilwane esihuquzelayo likhukhumala kakhulu, liqina, libe mhlophe futhi liguquguquke. Ngokwelashwa okubambezelekile, i-pathology iholela ekulahlekelweni okuphelele kombono.

Shisa

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokushiswa kwamehlo ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo ukufakwa okungalungile komthombo wemisebe ye-ultraviolet noma ukusetshenziswa kwezibani ze-quartz zezimfudu. Ungakwazi futhi ukushisa amehlo esilwane sakho ngezinto ezishisayo, ama-alkali, ama-asidi, amakhemikhali asendlini noma amanzi abilayo.

Ngokuya ngobulukhuni bokusha kwamehlo, isilwane esihuquzelayo singase sibe nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo;
• ubomvu be-conjunctiva;
• i-cornea clouding;
• ukwakhiwa kwamafilimu ampunga.

Ngesilonda esinzima, i-necrosis yamajwabu amehlo kanye nazo zonke izakhiwo zamehlo zingenzeka, isikhumba samajwabu amehlo siphenduka sibe mnyama, futhi i-eyeball iba lukhuni futhi ibe mhlophe, njenge-porcelain.

I-Cataract

I-lens yeso ephelele noma eyingxenye ibizwa ngokuthi i-cataract, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "impophoma". Kusukela egameni le-pathology, kuyacaca ukuthi i-lens yamehlo ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okudlulisa ukukhanya kwelanga, isilwane sibona ukukhanya kwelanga ngendlela efiphele. Isizathu esivame kakhulu se-cataract ukuguga kwesilwane esihuquzelayo, nakuba lesi sifo singenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokuntuleka kwe-vitamin A, ukulimala kwamehlo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, noma ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Akunangqondo ukuphatha amehlo ezimfudu ezibomvu ngokuxilonga ulwelwesi lwamehlo; kubantu abanalesi sifo, i-micro-surgery yenziwa ngokushintshwa kwe-lens. Ungwengwezi lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo lubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuphelele esweni elinesifo.

I-blepharoconjunctivitis

Ukuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila ezimfudumeni kubizwa ngokuthi i-blepharoconjunctivitis noma i-marginal blepharitis. Isizathu esivame kakhulu se-blepharoconjunctivitis kuma-turtle anendlebe ebomvu ukuntuleka kwevithamini A emzimbeni wesilwane esifuywayo. Ngokumelene nesizinda sokuntuleka kwe-retinol, ukuxebuka kwesikhumba kwenzeka, okuholela ekuvinjweni kwemigudu yezinyembezi nge-epithelium ye-desquamated, ukuvuvukala kwe-conjunctiva nokuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo.

Kufudu olugulayo:

• amehlo avuvukele futhi avalekile;
• amajwabu amehlo abomvu futhi avuvukele;
• ubomvu buqoqana emakhoneni esweni;
• ukuphuma emakhaleni nasemahlweni;
• ukwenqaba ukudla;
• i-edema evamile yomzimba ikhula;
• isilwane asikwazi ukuhlehlisa izitho futhi singene egobolondweni.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-blepharoconjunctivitis kuma-turtles iyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezinso.

Uveit

I-Uveitis ukuvuvukala kwemikhumbi yegumbi langaphambili le-uveal canal ye-eyeball. Kuma-turtle anezindlebe ezibomvu, i-uveitis ivela ngokumelene nesizinda se-pneumonia, i-sepsis, i-hypothermia evamile, i-rhinitis, imbangela ye-pathology ngokuvamile amanzi abandayo noma ukugcina isilwane ekamelweni elibandayo nelimanzi. I-microflora ye-pathogenic isuka ekugxilweni kokuvuvukala ingena endaweni engaphansi kweso, isitho sombono sigcina ukuhamba futhi sibhekane nomsebenzi wayo. Ubomvu obuphuzi obumhlophe buqoqa ngaphansi kwejwabu leso elingezansi, ukukhishwa kwe-purulent kusuka ekhaleni namehlo kuyabonwa, isilwane esihuquzelayo siyathuthumela, senqabe ukudla, siba buthakathaka kakhulu. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokuncipha okukhulu komzimba wesilwane.

I-Keratitis

Ukuvuvukala kwe-cornea yeso kubizwa ngokuthi i-keratitis, eyenzeka ngenxa yokulimala, ukusha, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, noma ingenye yezimpawu zezifo ezithathelwanayo nezingezona ezithathelwanayo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-microflora ye-pathogenic ku-cornea kuhambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu kanye nokungahambi kahle kwesilwane esihuquzelayo.

Ufudu olugulayo lune:

• ukuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo;
• amehlo avalekile;
• i-lacrimation iyabonakala;
• ukufiphala kwe-cornea kanye nokubomvu kwe-conjunctiva;
• isilwane esifuywayo siyenqaba ukudla.

I-keratitis enzima ihambisana nezilonda ezinzima ze-cornea, okungaholela ekuphuphuthekeni.

I-Optic neuropathy

Amagciwane, ukulimala, noma ukusha kwamehlo ezihuquzelayo kungabangela i-optic neuropathy. Ku-turtle enamadlebe abomvu, ukuhlehla nokulahlekelwa ukuhamba kwe-eyeball, i-clouding ye-cornea ne-lens ibonakala, amehlo esilwane amboziwe. I-Pathology iholela nakanjani ekulahlekelweni kombono okuyingxenye noma okuphelele.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-ophthalmic kuma-turtles kufanele kusingathwe nguchwepheshe onekhono, izinyathelo zokwelapha zangaphambili zinqunywe, kungenzeka kakhulu ukusindisa amehlo nokuphila kwesilwane esifuywayo. Ukuzilapha ngaphandle kokuxilongwa kungabangela ukufa komngane omncane.

I-Conjunctivitis kanye nokushiswa kwamehlo kungelapheka ngokwako ngokugeza amehlo esilwane sasemanzini ngesisombululo se-Ringer-Locke kanye nokufakwa kwamaconsi alwa nokuvuvukala e-albucid, i-tobradex. Kudingekile ukufaka izidakamizwa zezilwane esweni elivaliwe lesilwane esifuywayo, kulandele ukudonsa ijwabu leso elingezansi ukuze ithonsi liwele ku-conjunctiva.

I-blepharoconjunctivitis, uveitis, panophthalmitis, keratitis kanye ne-conjunctivitis eyinkimbinkimbi ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo zelashwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane: i-decamethoxin, i-tsipromed, i-tsiprovet, i-tetracycline yamafutha. Ngokuluma kwamehlo, amalungiselelo e-hormonal anqunywa kanyekanye nama-antibiotics: Sofradex, Hydrocortisone. Ukwandisa ukumelana komzimba futhi kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle wokwelapha, ama-turtles anqunyelwe imijovo yamavithamini nama-immunostimulants.

Isimo esibalulekile ekwelapheni izifo zamehlo ukukhawulela ukuba khona kwe-red-eared turtle emanzini, ukulungiswa kokudla kanye nezimo zokuboshwa. Isilwane esihuquzelayo esigulayo kufanele sibekwe endaweni efudumele enebhavu yokugeza efakwe kuyo, egcwaliswe izinga elingu-2/3 lobude bomzimba wesilwane esifuywayo. Isilwane kufanele sikhanyiselwe nsuku zonke ngaphansi kwesibani se-ultraviolet sezilwane ezihuquzelayo futhi sithole okugeza okufudumele okulwa nokuvuvukala ku-decoction ye-chamomile izikhathi ezingu-2 ngosuku.

Ekudleni kwesiguli esincane, kuyadingeka ukufaka ukudla okuqukethe i-calcium yemvelaphi yezilwane: izinhlanzi zasolwandle, ama-shrimp, ama-squid, i-shellfish. Isilwane kumele sithole imifino emisha, izaqathe kanye neklabishi. Kanye ngesonto kunconywa ukuphatha isilwane sakho ngesibindi.

Prevention

Imvamisa, imbangela yamehlo abuhlungu kuma-turtle anezindlebe ezibomvu kuwukwephulwa kwe-banal yemithetho yokudla nokugcina izilwane zasemanzini, ngakho-ke ukuvimbela izifo ze-ophthalmic kwehla ekudaleni izimo ezikhululekile zokuba khona kwesilwane esifuywayo ekhaya:

• i-aquarium evulekile;
• ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi kanye nohlelo lokushisa;
• ukugeza njalo kanye nokubulala amagciwane;
• ukuba khona kwesiqhingi;
• ukutholakala kwezibani ze-ultraviolet ne-fluorescent;
• ukudla okunomsoco;
• ukusetshenziswa kwamavithamini namaminerali;
• ukuhlolwa njalo kwamehlo, igobolondo kanye nesikhumba sesilwane esifuywayo.

Ngomnikazi oqaphile futhi onakekelayo, izimfudu zamanzi zihlala ziphilile futhi ziphila impilo ende ejabulisayo. Uma ngisho nokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi, isilwane sigula, akufanele uchithe isikhathi nokuzithiba ngokwakho, kungcono ngokushesha uthintane nodokotela.