I-Epigenetics nezinkinga zokuziphatha ezinjeni

Ukukhuluma ngezinkinga zokuziphatha kwezinja, mayelana nokuzalwa nokutholwa, akunakwenzeka ukungasho into efana ne-epigenetics.

Ukuthatha isithombe: googlecom

Kungani ucwaningo lwe-genomic ezinjeni lubalulekile?

Inja iyisihloko esithakazelisayo kakhulu sokucwaninga kwe-genomic, ngoba inkulu kunegundane, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwegundane noma igundane, libukeka njengomuntu. Kodwa noma kunjalo, lokhu akuyena umuntu, okusho ukuthi ungakwazi ukudweba imigqa futhi ulawule ukuwela, bese udweba izifaniso nomuntu.

USofya Baskina engqungqutheleni ethi "Ukuziphatha Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo - 2018" ukhulume ukuthi namuhla cishe izifo ezifanayo ze-360 zenja nomuntu zaziwa, kodwa nsuku zonke kunemiphumela emisha yocwaningo efakazela ukuthi kukhona okufanayo phakathi kwethu nezilwane ezifuywayo kunokuba kungase kubonakale ebusweni. ukubuka kuqala.

I-genome inkulu - inamapheya ayisisekelo ayi-2,5 billion. Ngakho-ke, ocwaningweni lwayo, amaphutha amaningi angenzeka. I-genome iyi-encyclopedia yempilo yakho yonke, lapho isakhi sofuzo ngasinye sinesibopho sephrotheni ethile. Futhi isakhi sofuzo ngasinye sinamapheya amaningi ama-nucleotide. Imicu ye-DNA ihlanganiswe ngokuqinile kuma-chromosome.

Zikhona izakhi zofuzo esizidingayo njengamanje, futhi kukhona nalezo esingazidingi njengamanje. Futhi, njengokungathi, zigcinwe "esimweni esilondoloziwe" kuze kube yisikhathi esifanele ukuze zizibonakalise ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Iyini i-epigenetics futhi ihlobene kanjani nezinkinga zokuziphatha ezinjeni?

I-Epigenetics inquma ukuthi yiziphi izakhi zofuzo manje “ezifundwayo” futhi zithinte, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuziphatha kwezinja. Yiqiniso, i-epigenetics ayisebenzi ezinjeni kuphela.

Isibonelo "somsebenzi" we-epigenetics kungaba inkinga yokukhuluphala kubantu. Lapho umuntu ezwa indlala enzima, izakhi zofuzo ezithile ezihlobene ne-metabolism "zivuka" kuye, inhloso yazo iwukuqongelela konke okungena emzimbeni futhi kungafi ngendlala. Lezi zakhi zofuzo zisebenza ezizukulwaneni ezingu-2-3. Futhi uma izizukulwane ezilandelayo zingabulawa yindlala, lezo zakhi zofuzo ziphinde zilale.

Ufuzo olunjalo “lokulala” “nokuvuka” luyinto okwakunzima kakhulu ngezazi zofuzo “ukubamba” futhi ziyichaze kwaze kwaba yilapho zithola i-epigenetics.

Okufanayo kusebenza, isibonelo, ukucindezeleka ezilwaneni. Uma inja ibhekene nokucindezeleka okunzima kakhulu, umzimba wayo, ukuze uvumelane nezimo ezintsha, uqala ukusebenza ngendlela ehlukile, futhi lezi zinguquko ziqhubeka nokuphila kwezizukulwane ezizayo ezingu-1-2. Ngakho uma siphenya inkinga yokuziphatha okuyindlela yokubhekana nesimo esicindezela kakhulu, kungase kuvele ukuthi le nkinga izuzwa njengefa, kodwa ezizukulwaneni ezizayo kuphela.

Konke lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukuphathwa kozalo uma sikhuluma ngezinye zezinkinga zokuziphatha ezihambisana nokuba nengcindezi enkulu. Ingabe lokhu kuyinkinga yokuzalwa? Yebo: indlela umzimba ozobhekana ngayo nokucindezeleka isivele ibekwe emzimbeni, kodwa "ilala" ize "ivuswe" ngezinye izenzakalo ezivela ngaphandle. Kodwa-ke, uma izizukulwane ezimbili ezilandelayo zihlala ezimweni ezinhle, ukuziphatha kwenkinga ngeke kubonakale esikhathini esizayo.

Lokhu kubalulekile ukwazi lapho ukhetha umdlwane futhi ufunda nezinhlobo zabazali bakhe. Futhi abalimi abanekhono nabanomthwalo wemfanelo, bazi nge-epigenetics, bangakwazi ukulandelela ukuthi yiziphi izizukulwane zezinja ezithola ulwazi nokuthi lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kubonakala kanjani ekuziphatheni kwazo.

Ukuthatha isithombe: googlecom