Ukukhwehlela ezinjeni: kwenzekani, izimbangela, ukwelashwa

Kungani inja ikhwehlela

Izimbangela zokukhwehlela ezinjeni zingahluka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: lezo ezihambisana nezifo zezitho zangaphakathi nezasekhaya. Phakathi kokuqala kuvame ukutholakala:

• amagciwane, igciwane, izifo fungal we nasopharynx, ipheshana zokuphefumula, amaphaphu;
• izifo zenhliziyo;
• ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile;
• izimila;
• i-helminthiasis.

Izici zeqembu lesibili ezivusa i-reflex yokukhwehlela esilwaneni zihlanganisa okulandelayo.

• Ikhola eqinile. Inja iyakhwehlela lapho yeluliwe (“ukuze ingabalekeki”) uma ukhololo uba mncane ngenkathi idonsa intambo. Lesi sakamuva sijwayelekile ikakhulukazi ezifuyweni ezisencane, ezikhuthele kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukukhwehlela kuhlotshaniswa ne-leash ezinjeni ezinentamo emfushane kakhulu noma, ngokuphambene, intamo ende. Esimweni sokuqala, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-harness, futhi okwesibili, khetha ngokucophelela ububanzi be-accessory.
• Ukunqwabelana kwezinwele ku-esophagus nasesiswini. Inkinga ijwayelekile kuma-quadruped anezinwele ezinde. Lapho ikhothwa (nakuba kungavamile), inja igwinya uboya obunganyakazi emgudwini wokugaya ukudla, kodwa kancane kancane buqoqana ngesigaxa esiswini noma emgomeni. Ukuqoqwa okunjalo kuholela ku-gag kanye ne-reflex yokukhwehlela. Kulokhu, inja ikhwehlela sengathi iyaklinywa.
• Into yangaphandle inamathele emphinjeni. Noma yini ingabambeka: intambo, "imvula" kaNcibijane, ithambo lenhlanzi, inkukhu. Intambo, uma ingagwinywa ngokuphelele, izocasula ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwe-oropharynx nesophagus isikhathi eside, lubangele ukukhwehlela nokuhlanza. Amathambo abukhali, ukubhoboza ezicutshini zomgodi womlomo, pharynx, odongeni lommizo, awagcini nje ukudala umuzwa wokuphazamiseka esilwaneni, kodwa futhi aholele ezinkambisweni zokuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa, nabanye).
• Izici zesakhiwo se-anatomical sepheshana lokuphefumula, i-oropharynx kanye ne-esophagus yesilwane. Ezilwaneni ezinobuso obufushane, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-reverse sneeze kuyisici. Lokhu ukukhwehlela kwe-paroxysmal, okungahlotshaniswa nezifo, okwenzeka ngokuzumayo futhi kudlula ngokushesha, ngaphandle kosizo lwangaphandle.

Izinhlobo zokukhwehlela ezinjeni

Ukukhwehlela ezinjeni kuhlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningana. Kubalulekile ukuthi umnikazi, athinte umtholampilo wezilwane, akwazi ukutshela imininingwane eyanele mayelana ngamunye wabo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukukhwehlela kwesizini - ukungezwani komzimba wesilwane esifuywayo ekushintsheni kwemvelo.

Izimpawu ezihambisanayo

Ukukhwehlela ezinjeni kungase kwenzeke ngokwakho noma kuhambisane nezinye izimpawu. Phakathi kwazo:

• ukuhlanza;
• ingxube yegazi esikhwehlela;
• ukuphuma kwamagwebu emlonyeni;
• ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa;
• ukwenqaba ukudla;
• ubuthakathaka emisipha (isilwane sihamba kanzima);
• ukuhluleka kokuphefumula, ukuphelelwa umoya nokunye.

Ezinye izifo zikhula ngokushesha, zingaholela ekufeni kwesilwane esifuywayo. Uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka okungazelelwe kwesimo senja, kufanele uthintane ngokushesha nodokotela wezilwane.

Ukuhlola ukukhwehlela enjeni

Ngesikhathi sokuqokwa nodokotela wezilwane, isilwane sizohlolwa, futhi umnikazi uzobuzwa. Kuzodingeka ukukhuluma ngezici zokukhwehlela, incwadi kadokotela, izimo ezihambisana nesenzakalo. Kuzodingeka unikeze ulwazi mayelana neminyaka yenja, ukuba khona kwanoma yiziphi izifo, imigomo, izimo zokuboshwa, njalonjalo. I-complex yezinqubo zokuxilonga ingase ihlanganise izindlela ezifana nalezi:

• X-ray
• i-bronchoscopy;
• I-ECG;
• i-cytological, ukuhlolwa kwe-bacteriological yesikhwehlela.

Ukukhwehlela lapho umzimba wangaphandle ungena emgudwini wokuphefumula

Njengomthetho, uma inja iminyanisa noma igwinye into engafanele, ibhekana nesimo ngokwayo nge-expectoration. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukukhwehlela kuqala ngokuzumayo, kungazelelwe, kuhambisana nokunyakaza okufanele kwentamo nekhanda, ukuma kwesici.

Kungase kube nesinye isimo: isilwane siminyaniswe ethanjeni elibukhali, into ethi, ngenxa yokuma kwayo noma ubukhulu bayo, ibanjwe kulwelwesi lwamafinyila. Khona-ke izimpawu ezilandelayo zingase zivele:

• ukukhwehlela kufanelana, isikhathi eside, buthakathaka;
• ngesikhathi se-reflex yokukhwehlela, isilwane sizama ukuxosha umzimba wangaphandle emphinjeni, njengokungathi;
• ukushaya;
• ukuphefumula kanzima;
• igwebu eliphuma emakhaleni;
• ukukhwehlela ngegazi, igwebu;
• ukwenqaba ukuphuza nokudla.

Akunakwenzeka ukuthemba ukuthi inja izobhekana nayo yodwa. Ukuzama ukukhipha (noma ngisho nokubona) okungene emphinjeni wakhe cishe akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwamathuluzi akhethekile. Isilwane kufanele siphuthunyiswe emtholampilo. Ukubambezeleka kusongela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-emphysema, izinqubo zokuvuvukala ku-bronchi, amaphaphu, i-pleura nezinye izinkinga.

I-Enclosure (indlwana) yokukhwehlela enjeni

Ukukhwehlela okuvalekile kuwuphawu lwezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo (ikakhulukazi ezibangelwa amagciwane) zenja, eziqanjwe kanjalo ngenxa yembangela evamile yokutheleleka - ukuhlala ndawonye noma ukuthintana njalo kwezilwane zodwa. Umthombo wokutheleleka yinja egulayo noma eseluleme.

Izimpawu zalesi sifo zibangelwa izici ze-pathogen (parainfluenza, canine herpes, bordetella), kanye nesimo sokuzivikela kwesilwane. Ngemuva kokuthi isikhathi sokufakwa (kufika ezinsukwini eziyi-10) sesidlulile, ukubonakaliswa okulandelayo kwe-pathology kungenzeka:

• ukukhwehlela okuncane kwe-paroxysmal, okufana neqiniso lokuthi inja yayiminyanisa, kodwa ingasho lutho;
• ukukhwehlela ngegwebu elimhlophe;
• ama-lymph node avuvukile;
• ukwanda kwezinkomba zokushisa;
• ukusikwa;
• ukuphuma emakhaleni.

Ukukhwehlela kwe-Kennel kuthatha cishe amaviki ama-2. Ukuqina kokuzivikela kwenja, kulula ukubekezelela ukutheleleka, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kokudinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuboniswa ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibacterial agents, antiviral, expectorant, immunomodulating nabanye (ngokusho kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa).

Izici zokukhwehlela inja enezifo ezithile

I-reflex yokukhwehlela ibonisa kuphela ukuba khona kwenqubo ye-pathological emzimbeni, futhi akuyona isifo esizimele. Okwenzeka ekukhwehleleni ezinjeni kuncike esifweni esiwumsuka. Ukwazi izici ze-cough syndrome kanye nezimpawu ezihambisana nazo kuzosheshisa ukuxilongwa, futhi kuzovumela isilwane ukuthi sithole ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kanye nosizo lokuqala.

Ukusabela okweqile

I-Allergies ezinjeni ibonakala ngezimpawu ezihlukahlukene. Ukukhwehlela kungase kuhambisane nalokhu:

• ukuphuma emakhaleni, emehlweni;
• ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila;
• ukubomvu kwamehlo;
• ukuthimula
• ukuqubuka kwesikhumba;
• ukulunywa nezinye izimpawu.

Umnikazi kufanele abheke isilwane esifuywayo, mhlawumbe ukukhwehlela nezinye izimpawu zivela ngemva kokudla ukudla okuthile, ngemva kokuhamba, kuyinkathi yonyaka. Uma i-allergen itholwa, ayifakwa empilweni yenja, futhi ukwelashwa okufanele kuyenziwa.

I-Bronchitis

Inqubo yokuvuvukala ku-bronchi - i-bronchitis - esigabeni sokuqala ihambisana nokukhwehlela okomile, okunzima kwesilwane esifuywayo. Kuzwakala kakhulu ekuseni: ukukhala nokukhala kuzwakala. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ukukhwehlela kuba manzi, kubonakale isikhwehlela esimhlophe noma esiphuzi. Phakathi kwezimpawu ezengeziwe zesifo kufanele kuphawulwe ukuphefumula, ukuphefumula kanzima, umkhuhlane.

Umnikazi kufanele aqaphele ukuthi i-bronchitis ingaba ngokwemvelo yegciwane kanye nebhaktheriya, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kuzo zombili izimo kuzohluka. Ungakwazi ukunquma i-pathogen "ngeso" ngobukhulu bezimpawu: ngendlela yebhaktheriya, inamandla, futhi isimo senja sibi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-bronchitis ibangelwa amagciwane, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wesilwane lizoba ngaphezu kokujwayelekile ngamadigri angu-2 noma ngaphezulu (ngokutheleleka ngegciwane, likhuphuka ngaphakathi kwezinga elilodwa).

I-Helminthiasis

Umjikelezo wempilo yezinye izimuncagazi uhlotshaniswa nokufuduka kwezibungu ezimunyisiwe zisuka esiswini nasemathunjini ziye ezicubu zamaphaphu. Ezithweni zokuphefumula, i-helminths ichitha cishe amasonto ama-2, bese ikhishwa, igwinywe kanye nesikhwehlela, futhi ikhule ibe abantu abadala kakade emathunjini.

Njengoba isemaphashini enja, izikelemu ziholela kulezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukukhwehlela okumanzi nengxube yegazi;
• ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuphefumula;
• ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa, ngezinye izikhathi kunamandla impela, kufika ku-43 ˚С.

Ngokuqiniseka okukhulu, kungenzeka ukusho ukuthi ukukhwehlela kunembangela ye-parasitic uma, ngaphambi nje kwalokhu kubonakaliswa, isilwane sinezinkinga zokugaya, ubuhlungu emathunjini, nesifo sohudo.

I-infarction yamaphaphu

Izinja ezine-pathologies yemvelo ye-cardiovascular zisengozini yokuthuthukisa i-pulmonary infarction. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwehlule legazi. Isibonakaliso sesici ubuhlungu obuqinile obubukhali, lapho isilwane sigxuma, singase simemeze. Ukuphefumula nokukhwehlela okunamafinyila anegazi kuqala cishe ngokushesha. Inja iba buthaka phambi kwamehlo ethu, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila luyaphaphatheka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuyaphazamiseka, umfutho wegazi wehla, nezinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka. Isilwane esifuywayo kufanele siyiswe emtholampilo ngokushesha.

I-Laryngitis

Ukuvuvukala kwe-pharynx enja nakho kuhambisana nokukhwehlela. Ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, kubangela ukuhlushwa esilwaneni: ukukhwehlela okomile nokuphikelelayo kubangela ubuhlungu, ngakho-ke isilwane singase senqabe ukudla, siyeke ukukhonkotha (noma ukwenza umsindo oshisayo, ozwakalayo). Kancane kancane, i-reflex yokukhwehlela ikhiqiza, inani elincane le-sputum likhishwa, njengoba inqubo yokuvuvukala iyancipha ku-mucosa, ubuhlungu buyanyamalala. Izinga lokushisa lomzimba lihlala lingaphakathi kwemingcele evamile noma likhuphuka kancane.

i-adenovirus

Lesi sifo sisuka kuma-viral. Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwendlela yokuphefumula ephezulu, umphimbo uyathinteka. Izimpawu ze-adenovirus:

• umphimbo obuhlungu (isilwane sisabela ngendlela efanele lapho sizama ukumbambatha);
• ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes ngaphansi komhlathi;
• ukukhwehlela okukhiqizayo;
• ukukhishwa kokukhwehlela kungase kucace noma kube namafu;
• ukusikwa;
• ukuphuma emakhaleni;
• ukwanda kancane kwezinkomba zokushisa;
• ukwenqaba ukudla;
• efomini emathunjini, ukuhlanza, isicanucanu, indigestion, isifo sohudo kanye nobuhlungu esifundeni emathunjini.

Isifo senhliziyo

Uma inja inokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo noma isifo, kungase kube ukukhwehlela kwenhliziyo. Ibonakala ngombala obomvana wesikhwehlela, ngenxa yokungena kwegazi emaphashini ngokusebenzisa izindonga ze-capillary. Ukukhishwa okubomvana okunegwebu ohlelweni lokuphefumula kuhambisana nezinye izimpawu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo:

• ukukhwehlela okwandayo ngemuva kokusebenza ngokomzimba;
• ubuthakathaka besilwane;
• ukuphefumula kanzima
• ulwelwesi lwamafinyila luthola umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ukukhwehlela kwenhliziyo kubangani abanemilenze emine ngeshwa kuthwala isifo esibi. Esimweni esihle kakhulu, inja izokwazi ukuphila iminyaka engu-2-4. I-Pathology iphathwa kuphela ngokuhlinzwa, kodwa, ngenxa yobunzima nezindleko eziphakeme zokusebenza, ayenziwa.

Isifuba somoya

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifuba somoya enjeni kungabangelwa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ezingezwani nomzimba, izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali aguquguqukayo, ukucindezeleka kwemizwa, izimo zezulu, nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Inja ikhwehlela njengokungathi iyaminyanisa, ihambisana nokuhlasela ngokunyakaza okufanele kwekhanda nomzimba. Izimpawu zesici zesifo yilezi:

• ukubonakala kokuqunjelwa ngemva kokuzikhandla ngokomzimba, ukungabikho kwabo ngesikhathi sokuphumula;
• ukukhishwa kwe-mucus ekhanyayo ekhanyayo evela ku-bronchi;
• ulwelwesi lwamafinyila blush;
• ukuphefumula ngesikhathi sokuhlasela;
• ukubomvu kwamehlo;
• ukuthimula.

Ukukhwehlela ezinjeni ezincane

Ukukhwehlela ezinjeni zezinhlobo ezincane kuyenzeka kaningi ngenxa yezici zesakhiwo sepharynx, ipheshana lokuphefumula, i-maxillofacial apparatus, nendawo yamazinyo. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwamagciwane, ukuhlanzeka okunganele komgodi womlomo namazinyo, isilwane singase sithuthukise i-gingivitis, i-stomatitis nezinye izinqubo zokuvuvukala. Ukutheleleka kancane kancane kudlulela kulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwe-larynx, uqhoqhoqho, luhlala emathoni e-pharyngeal, lwehlela emaphashini.

Indawo ejulile yamathoni idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuvuvukala nokukhwehlela. Ukwanda kwabo ekuphenduleni ukuhlasela okuthathelwanayo kuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-lumen ye-larynx, ukuphefumula, ukuphefumula. Uma lesi simo siphindaphindiwe kaningi, khona-ke amathoni kufanele asuswe. Njengendlela yokuvimbela, umnikazi wenja encane kufanele abonise njalo isilwane kudokotela wezilwane ukuze abone ngesikhathi futhi aqede izinkinga ngamazinyo nomlomo womlomo.

Ukukhwehlela kwenja: okufanele ukwenze ukuvimbela ukuklinywa

Yinto eyodwa ukuthi inja iklinywe noma ikhwehlele, kodwa ibhekana nesimo ngokwayo. Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka ukuthi isilwane sidinga usizo lwangaphandle - ukuhlasela kungase kuqhubeke isikhathi eside, futhi isilwane siqala ukuminyanisa. Ungavimbela ukufutheka ngokusebenzisa izincomo ezimbalwa.

• Uma lokhu kuwukuhlasela kokuthimula okuphambene, khona-ke ukugwinya amathe anqwabelene emgodini womlomo kanye nokuthatha umoya ojulile kufanele kuqinisekiswe. Lokhu kufezwa ngokumpintsha ikhala lomngane onemilenze emine noma ukuhambisa isandla sakhe emphinjeni izikhathi eziningana.
• Kutuswa ukuguqula isilwane ukuze ikhanda libe phansi kunomzimba nezitho. Unganyakazisa isilwane, wenze uchungechunge lokushaya izandla emhlane. Ngesilwane esifuywayo esikhulu, ungakwazi ukuphakamisa imilenze yangemuva (inja kufanele ime) futhi ushaye izandla ezimbalwa ezingeni lesifuba.
• Ezilwaneni ezifuywayo ezinobuso obufushane, imigudu yomoya ingase ivinjwe izicubu ezithambile ezizungezile. Uma inja iklinywa, ungabheka ukudlula komoya mahhala ngomunwe wakho.
• Uma isilwane singaphefumuli, kuyaphuthuma ukuqala ukuvuselela: qinisekisa ukunikezwa komoya-mpilo ohlelweni lokuphefumula futhi uhlikihle indawo yenhliziyo.

Qaphela: ngemva kokuhlaselwa okunjalo, isilwane kufanele siboniswe kudokotela wezilwane.

Indlela yokwelapha ukukhwehlela enjeni

Ngaphambi kokwelapha ukukhwehlela inja, udinga ukuthola imbangela yayo, ngoba ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokulaliswa esibhedlela kwesilwane kungase kudingeke. Noma enye inketho ukukhwehlela njengophawu lomkhuhlane. Isenzakalo esinjalo ezimweni eziningi sihamba sodwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, futhi noma yimiphi imizamo yomnikazi "yokwelapha" ngama-antitussives ingalimaza kuphela. Kodwa-ke, uma lesi sibonakaliso singapheli, siqinisa, abanye bayasijoyina, khona-ke kufanele nakanjani uxhumane nochwepheshe futhi wenze ukuhlolwa.

Lapho ukukhwehlela ezinjeni, ukwelashwa ekhaya noma esibhedlela kungenzeka, kodwa kunoma yikuphi kuyoba yinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuya ngembangela ye-pathology, ukwelashwa kuhilela ukuthatha amaqembu ezidakamizwa anjengokuthi:

• ama-antibiotics (i-penicillin, i-chloramphenicol);
• i-antiviral (fosprenil);
• anti-inflammatory (dexamethasone);
• i-immunomodulating kanye ne-immunostimulating (i-interferon, i-ribotan);
• inhliziyo (cordiamin);
• i-antidiarrheal (loperamide);
• izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic (paracetamol, ibuprofen);
• ama-antihistamines (i-allerveta, i-diphenhydramine);
• i-antihelminthic (i-polytrem, i-arecoline);
• ama-expectorants (i-broncholithin);
• antitussives (mukaltin, bromhexine).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kungabandakanya izidakamizwa zokulwa nokuhlanza ezithuthukisa ukugaya, ama-painkillers, ukubuyisela kanye nabanye abaningi.

Ukunakwa: ngenxa yezinketho eziningi zemvelaphi nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokukhwehlela enja, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ungelaphe isilwane ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kokuqala nokubonisana nochwepheshe.

Ukwelapha ukukhwehlela enjeni akugcini nje emithini. Umnikazi uyadingeka ukuze adale izimo ezikhululekile kakhulu: ukuhlinzeka ngokudla okunempilo (uma kunesidingo, ukuthatha amavithamini), ukungabi khona kwemidwebo. Uma kubanda ngaphandle, isikhathi sokuhamba kufanele sincishiswe sibe sincane.

Ungakwazi ukunciphisa isimo senja ngokuhlela uhlobo "lwe-inhalation". Ukwenza lokhu, ezimeni zasemadolobheni, ubhavu ugcwele amanzi ashisayo ukuze umoya ube nomswakama. Isilwane esifuywayo kufanele singeniswe endlini yokugezela ukuze siphefumule umusi imizuzu eyi-10-15. Inqubo enjalo ngeke yenze kube lula ukukhipha isikhwehlela kuphela, kodwa futhi isuse ukuvuvukala kwe-mucous, inciphise ubuhlungu, futhi ijwayele ukuphefumula. Emanzini, ungangeza ama-decoctions we-fir, i-eucalyptus, i-chamomile nezinye izitshalo, usawoti olwandle.

Njengoba ukukhwehlela ezinjeni kuwuphawu nje olubonisa ukuthi kukhona lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuthintana nomtholampilo ngesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, umnikazi uzovimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga esilwaneni, alondoloze impilo yakhe, futhi agweme izindleko ezengeziwe zezinto ezibonakalayo esikhathini esizayo.