Amaqhubu enja emzimbeni ngaphansi kwesikhumba - kuyini nokuthi uphathwa kanjani

Izinja - into esemqoka

1. Amaqhuqhuva esikhumbeni senja angase angabi yingozi empilweni uma kuyisimila esiyingozi noma uhlobo oluthile lokulimala. Futhi zingaba yingozi kakhulu futhi, uma zingelashwa, zingabulala.

2. Ukutholwa kwanoma yisiphi isigaxa emzimbeni wesilwane esifuywayo kuyisizathu sokuvakashela udokotela ukuze enze ukuxilongwa futhi anqume amaqhinga okwelapha.

3. Ukwelashwa kwezimila ezinhle ngokuvamile akudingeki. Izimila ezimbi zingelashwa ngokuhlinzwa, ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe.

4. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwesimila esiyingozi kukhulisa kakhulu impumelelo yokwelashwa.

5. Njengoba izimbangela eziqondile zokwakheka kwezimila azikasungulwa, ukuvimbela ukuvela kwabo kunzima noma akunakwenzeka.

Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuvela kwama-cones

Ezinjeni, wonke amaqhubu angaphansi kwesikhumba angahlukaniswa abe isisu и okungelona isimila. I-Non-tumor ingenzeka ngenxa yokutheleleka, ukuvuvukala, ukungezwani komzimba. Izimbangela zezimila azikasungulwa, ngakho-ke, izici zofuzo, ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo, ukukhishwa komsakazo, ama-microwaves, imisebe ye-ultraviolet, njalonjalo. Kulokhu, izimila ku-morphology yazo zilungile futhi ziyingozi.

UBenign

1. Lipoma

   I-Lipoma iwukwakheka okuyindilinga noma okude kancane okutholakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ubukhulu bayo bungahluka - ekuqaleni abubonakali, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bungase bukhule bube ngamavolumu ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu. I-Lipoma yakhiwa ngezicubu ze-adipose, ihambisana nezinye izicubu nesikhumba. Ayibangeli ubuhlungu enjeni. I-Lipomas ingavela kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba lapho kunezicubu ze-adipose. Ngokuvamile i-bump enjalo ingatholakala enja entanyeni, kanye nasezinhlangothini, emuva.

2. I-Histiocytoma

   I-Histiocytoma - ukwakheka okuyindilinga noma okuneqhubu kancane okubomvana esikhumbeni sosayizi omncane. Yakheka ngamaseli eLangerhans, ngokuvamile ahlala ekhona esikhumbeni nasolwelwesini lwamafinyila. Imvamisa, i-histiocytomas ivela ezinjeni ezisencane, ezinesilinganiso seminyaka eyizinyanga eziyi-18. Asikho isizathu esiqondile sokubukeka kwazo. Indawo ejwayelekile isekhanda, ama-auricles. Futhi, ama-bumps afanayo enja angatholakala esiswini, ezithweni ze-pelvic kanye ne-torso.

3. I-Papilloma

   Imvamisa, ama-papillomas ayimikhiqizo emincane epinki noma ensundu esikhumbeni. Izilwane ezifuywayo ezindala eziningi zinazo. Ama-papillomas angatholakala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, ngokuvamile awakhuli futhi awabangeli ukungakhululeki esilwaneni. Isizathu sokubukeka kwabo ikakhulukazi yigciwane.

   

4. i-adenoma

   I-Adenomas yi-benign formation yezicubu zezindlala. Esikhumbeni, zivame ukuvela ezicutshini zezindlala ze-sebaceous, kancane kancane ezivela ezindlala zokujuluka. Ngokuvamile zibukeka njenge-cystic formation emzimbeni, ngokuvamile ngemuva nasemaceleni. Izimbangela eziqondile ze-adenomas azikasungulwa, kodwa izici ezithathelwanayo zokuthuthukiswa zingenzeka.

Kubi

1. I-Adenocarcinoma yezindlala ze-mammary

   Umdlavuza webele ungesinye sezimila ezivame kakhulu ezinjeni. Ngokuvamile kubukeka njengezimila ezingashadile noma eziningi ezingonweni ezisesiswini senja ngendlela yamabhola. Amabhola angaqina lapho uwathinta, acishe afane nethambo, futhi kwezinye izimo athambile futhi anwebeka. Ngokuvamile, izilonda ezinjalo zitholakala kwabesifazane, kodwa futhi zenzeka kwabesilisa. Kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwesimila kuhlotshaniswa nezimbangela ze-hormonal. Abesifazane abangakhokhelwa basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola lezi zimila kunabesifazane ababulawa ngaphambi kwe-estrus yabo yokuqala. Futhi, ukwakheka okunjalo kuvame ukwenzeka ezilwaneni ezithola izidakamizwa ze-hormonal ukuvimbela i-estrus.

2. I-Mastocytoma

   I-Mastocytoma iyithumba elingabukeka lihluke ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, ingazibonakalisa njengokuvuvukala okuncane kwe-pink, noma mhlawumbe ukubomvu kwendawo yesikhumba, ngokuluma kanye nezilonda. Indawo yasendaweni nayo ihlukile, imvamisa iba esiqwini, kancane kancane ezithweni, ezingavamile zisekhanda, intamo kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. I-Mastocytoma iyi-tumor ekhohlisayo kakhulu, ngoba ekuqaleni ayinazo izimpawu zobubi, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izibonakalisa kakhulu, inika izilonda ze-metastatic.

   

3. I-squamous cell carcinoma

   Lesi simila singaba nokubukeka okuhlukile futhi sibukeke njenge-papilloma, ukwakheka kwe-pedunculated. Ingase ivuvuke, ibe nesilonda futhi ibe noqweqwe. Lesi simila singavela ekhanda nasentanyeni yenja, imbangela yokubukeka kwayo ingabhekwa njengokuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet. Kungaba futhi emzimbeni wesilwane, lapho kuthathwa imbangela yegciwane. Lokhu kwakheka kwenzeka ezinjeni esikhumbeni kuma-20% wamacala. Kubhekwa njengobunzima kakhulu ukuyelapha, futhi imiphumela engemihle ayiyona into engavamile.

4. I-Melanoma

   I-melanoma iyithumba eliyingozi elivela kumangqamuzana e-pigment abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocyte. Ngokuvamile kubonakala sengathi ukwakheka komnyama omnyama noma omnyama, ezimweni ezingavamile kungase kungabi mbala. Ngokuvamile imiphetho yesimila ayilingani, kungase kube nezilonda, ukopha. Kwenzeka kunoma yiziphi izingxenye zomzimba wenja lapho kukhona ama-melanocyte, isikhumba, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, isimiso sezinzwa kanye nezitho ezithile zangaphakathi zithinteka. Izimbangela zesigameko ngokuvamile ziyizakhi zofuzo, kodwa emisebeni ye-ultraviolet, imisebe ye-ionizing, njalonjalo nayo idlala indima. Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa i-melanoma ne-melanocytoma. I-melanoma iyi-neoplasm eyingozi kakhulu esikhumbeni, kuyilapho i-melanocytoma ine-prognosis evumayo.

5. I-Fibrosarcoma

   Imvamisa, lesi simila sakhiwe ngamaseli esikhumba kanye nezicubu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba. Kungase kubukeke njengokwakheka okuyisiyingi okuminyene, ukwakheka kuvame ukungajwayelekile, kubhampa. Lapho i-palpation, isimila ngeke sinyakaze, kodwa akufanele kubangele ukungakhululeki okusobala enjeni. Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezinjeni ezindala, eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-8-11 ubudala. Izizathu eziqondile nazo azikaziwa.

   

Ezinye izizathu

1. Abscess

   Ithumba liyimbangela evame kakhulu ye-non-neoplastic induration ngaphansi kwesikhumba enjeni. Ithumba imbobo egcwele ubomvu. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemva kokulimala kwesikhumba, ukulwa nezinye izilwane. Ithumba lingaba kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wenja ethelelekile. Kuzobukeka njengokuvuvukala okufudumele nokubuhlungu kwesikhumba ekuthinteni.

   

2. Injection

   Ukuvuvukala endaweni yomjovo womuthi kuyinqubo evamile. Uma umuthi wawusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngevolumu enkulu ngendlela ye-dropper engaphansi kwesikhumba, khona-ke ukuvuvukala okunjalo kungafinyelela usayizi obalulekile, kodwa kufanele kudlule kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-10-15. Uma ngemuva komjovo iqhubu lingasuki ngalesi sikhathi, kungcono ubuyele emtholampilo ukuze ucacise izizathu.

3. Ukungezwani komzimba

   Ngezinye izikhathi ukungezwani komzimba okunamandla esilwaneni kungabonakaliswa ngamaqhubu amaningi kuwo wonke umzimba, avele ngokushesha nangokuzumayo. Kulokhu, kungenzeka isifuba. I-allergies ingenzeka kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yangaphandle - impova yezitshalo, amakha, okokuhlanza. I-Urticaria ivame ukwenzeka lapho ungezwani nomuthi othile.

4. IHernia

   I-hernia iwukuphuma kwezitho zangaphakathi emgodini lapho ngokuvamile kungafanele zibe khona. Ngokuvamile, abanikazi bathola iqhubu esiswini somdlwane. Ngokunokwenzeka, imbangela yayo i-hernia ye-umbilical. Futhi, i-hernias ingatholakala endaweni ye-groin ohlangothini olulodwa noma zombili, kanye nangaphansi komsila.

   

5. Ama-lymph node akhulisiwe

   Ama-lymph nodes akhulisiwe enja angase abukeke njengamabhola ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Zingatholakala ngaphansi komhlathi ongezansi, endaweni yamahlombe ehlombe, ezifundeni ze-axillary kanye ne-inguinal. Isizathu sokwanda kwabo kungase kube izinqubo ezithathelwanayo nokuvuvukala, kanye nezimila ezindaweni eziseduze kanye ne-metastasis yazo kulawa ma-lymph nodes.

Izimpawu ezihambisanayo

Imfundo enhle akufanele ihambisane nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezengeziwe. Ukwakheka okubi, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuzolimaza izinga lempilo yesilwane esifuywayo. Ngokuvamile ezigabeni zokuqala, inja ayikutholi ukuphatheka kabi okusobala. Ngokukhula nokuqhubeka kwemfundo, isilwane singase sizwe ubuhlungu, ubuthakathaka. Ngokuvamile, ama-tumor metastasize emaphashini, emva kwalokho kuyoba nzima ngesilwane ukuphefumula, ukuphefumula kuzovela. I-tumor ingasakazeka ezingxenyeni eziningi nezicubu, okuholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kwazo nokufa kwesilwane.

Abscess ingavame ukuhambisana nomkhuhlane, ukukhathala, ukwenqaba ukudla. Ithumba ngokwalo libuhlungu lapho ulithinta, linikeza isilwane ukungakhululeki. Ukungezwani komzimba kusuka ekuqubukeni okungenangozi emzimbeni, kungaphenduka ukuvuvukala okusongela ukuphila komgudu wokuphefumula. Encane, engalimele i-hernia ngokuvamile akubangeli ukungakhululeki esilwaneni. Lapho indandatho ye-hernial iphulwa, iba buhlungu futhi ibe nzima. Ngokucindezela isikhathi eside, izicubu ziyafa, futhi isilwane singafa.

Kukuziphi izimo lapho kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wezilwane ngokushesha?

Uma kuvela amaqhubu emzimbeni wenja yakho, lesi yisikhathi sokuthintana nodokotela ukuze ahlolwe. Ungalibali ukuvakasha kwakho futhi unethemba lokuthi zizodlula zodwa. Uma i-tumor i-benign, ungakwazi ukukhipha futhi ungakhathazeki ngempilo yesilwane. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwesimila esiyingozi kuzonikeza ithuba elihle lomphumela omuhle wokwelashwa. Uma i-tumor eyingozi itholakala ezigabeni zokugcina, ngokuvamile akukho lutho olungenziwa, udokotela ubeka ukwelashwa okusekela kuphela.

Ithumba kufanele lilashwe ngokushesha nje lapho litholakala, ukubambezeleka ukuya kudokotela kungaholela ekubeni ushevu wegazi. Ukungezwani komzimba nakho kudinga ukumiswa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuvuvukala kwe-larynx. I-hernia eklinyiwe ingaphansi kokuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo ngaphambi kokuba i-tissue necrosis iqale. I-hernia engaboshiwe iphathwa ngendlela ehleliwe, kodwa uma ibambezeleka, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Diagnostics

Ukuxilongwa kuqala ngokuthatha i-anamnesis, ukuthola ukuthi iqhubu livele nini, ukuthi likhule ngokushesha kangakanani. Okulandelayo, isilwane sihlolisiswa ngokucophelela, ukwakheka kuphenywa ukuminyana, ukuhamba, ubuhlungu besilwane. Ama-lymph nodes angaphezulu nawo ayazwakala. Indlela yokuxilongwa kwe-cytological ivame ukusetshenziswa. Ngosizo lwenaliti kanye nesirinji, amangqamuzana amuncwa ekubunjweni, abese ebekwa esilayidini sengilazi. Impahla inamabala futhi ihlolwe ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Ngosizo lwe-cytology, ukuxilongwa kokuqala kungenziwa ngokuvamile. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy kanye ne-histological kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuqondile. Le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ithatha isikhathi esengeziwe ukuthola umphumela. Uma isilwane sihlelelwe ukuhlinzwa ukuze sisuse isimila, udokotela angase ancome imaging resonance magnetic.

Ukwelashwa kwamaqhubu ezinjeni

Ukwelashwa kuzohlale kuncike ohlotsheni lokubunjwa. Ezimweni eziningi izimila ezinobungozi azidingi ukwelashwa. I-Histiocytomas bahambe bodwa kungakapheli inyanga. I-Lipomas ingakhula ibe ngamasayizi amakhulu futhi ivimbele isilwane esifuywayo ukuba singahambi, silale phansi futhi sivame ukuhambahamba. Uma i-lipoma ikhula ngokushesha, kungcono ukuyisusa. ama-adenomas nama-papillomas ungakhuli ngosayizi futhi kuyaqabukela uphazamise ngandlela thile. Kwezinye izindawo emzimbeni, bangabhekana nokulimala njalo, ngenxa yalokho bazotheleleka, baphume igazi, lapho-ke kungcono ukuwasusa.

Ukwelashwa izifo ezimbi kuncike ezintweni eziningi futhi ikhethwa yi-oncologist ngayinye. Uhlobo nosayizi wesimila, indawo yaso, isigaba senqubo ye-oncological, ukuba khona kwama-metastase kuyacatshangelwa. Ukukhishwa kokuhlinzwa kokwakheka, i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungasetshenziswa.

Ukwelashwa amathumba kuhlanganisa ukuhlanza imbobo kubomvu, ukufaka imisele yokukhipha uketshezi oluphuma emgodini, nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane endaweni kanye nesistimu. Ukuphendula kwe-allergen ukwelashwa ngama-antihistamine futhi, uma kunesidingo, i-hormonal. IHernia ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa kuphela. Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, awekho amakhambi abantu abakwazi ukusiza nge-hernias; ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, akunakwenzeka ukusetha izitho endaweni efanele futhi suture indandatho hernial. Ama-lymph node akhulisiwe kuwuphawu kuphela lwenqubo ethile ye-pathological emzimbeni, kuyadingeka ukuthola imbangela kanye nokwelashwa okuqondile kuyo.

Prevention

Ngeshwa, alikho ikhambi lemidlavuza eminingi. Izizathu eziqondile zokubukeka kwazo azikasungulwa, kukholelwa ukuthi imisebe ye-ultraviolet ne-ionizing, i-ecology empofu nezinye izici okunzima kakhulu ukuzikhipha empilweni yesilwane esifuywayo kunendima ekuthuthukiseni kwabo. Ukuvimbela kuyavunywa ku-tumor ye-mammary glands. Kukhona ucwaningo ngokuthi yimaphi ama-bitches athenwa ngaphambi kwe-estrus yokuqala anethuba elingaphansi kuka-0,05% lokuthuthukisa isimila esiyingozi esifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nge-estrus ngayinye, leli phesenti liyakhula. Ukuthenwa ngemva kweminyaka emibili akunciphisi ingozi yokuthuthukisa ama-neoplasms. Futhi, ukukhishwa kokunikeza izidakamizwa ze-hormonal ukuze kumiswe i-estrus kunciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-oncology.

Ungavimbela amathumba ngokuvimbela ukuzihambela nokulwa phakathi kwezinja. Akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthuthukiswa kokusabela okweqile kokuthile. Kodwa uma i-allergen yaziwa, khona-ke ukuthintana nenja nayo kufanele kukhishwe. I-Hernias ivame ukuzalwa, okungavumelekile kunoma yikuphi ukuvimbela. Kodwa i-hernias ehlukumezayo ingagwenywa uma uhlale ubheka isilwane sakho sokuhamba.

Izimpendulo zemibuzo evame ukubuzwa

November 10, 2021

Kubuyekezwe: 14 May 2022