Ubuthi bezinhlanzi zase-Aquarium

Ubuthi buhlukaniswa ngezansi bube bubucayi futhi obungapheli. 

Acute:

• Inhlanzi iyaminza futhi ihlale iseduze namanzi, noma ilele phansi
• Ukuba mnyama noma ukuguquguquka kombala kwamagill
• Shintsha umbala womzimba - uphaphathekile kakhulu noma umnyama kakhulu
• Ukuphuma kwamafinyila ngokweqile
• Amabala abomvu emzimbeni, amaphiko namagill
• amaphiko acindezelwe
• Ukulahlekelwa ukusebenzisana, ukuthuthumela kanye nokudlikizela
• Amehlo agxilile, acwebezelayo (imvamisa izinhlanzi zingawanyakazisa)
• I-anorexia 
• Isimo sokuyaluza kakhulu noma esikhathele
• Ukufa okungazelelwe

Okungapheli:

• Ukucindezeleka okuvamile isikhathi eside
• ukubukeka okungenampilo
• Elele emakhoneni amnyama
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo
• Ukuthuthumela nokunyakazisa umzimba
• amaphiko acindezelwe
• Ukuzivikela okubuthakathaka, ukungenwa yizifo zefungal kanye ne-bacterial
• Ukuphuma kwamafinyila ngokweqile
• Ukufa kwezinhlanzi ngendlela engaqondakali  

Izimbangela

Izinto eziningi zinobuthi ezinhlanzini. Ezinye zazo - i-ammonia, i-nitrites kanye ne-nitrate - ziyimikhiqizo yomjikelezo we-nitrogen futhi zakheka ngokwemvelo ku-aquarium (imfucuza equkethe i-nitrogen). Ezinye izinto ezinobuthi zingafika namanzi ompompi, njenge-chlorine, i-chloramine, nezibulala-zinambuzane, ezisetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla ezikhona emanzini ompompi okuphuza. Izinsimbi ezinzima ezifana nomthofu nethusi ngezinye izikhathi zikhona emanzini kampompi. Imithi eminingi ingaba ushevu ekudobeni ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (isibonelo, ukuphuza ngokweqile, okuxutshwe neminye imithi, noma ikakhulukazi inhlanzi ezwelayo). Imbangela evamile yezinto ezinobuthi ezingena emanzini e-aquarium ayifanelekile umhlobiso we-aquarium kanye nemishini.

• Izinsimbi zingakha usawoti onobuthi uma emanzini anosawoti noma ane-asidi.
• Amatshe angase abe nezinhlanganisela ezinobuthi.
• Amatshe noma izimbiza zezimbali zepulasitiki noma ze-ceramic ezicwiliswe ku-aquarium njengomhlobiso noma ezisetshenziselwa ukutshala izitshalo ze-aquarium zingangcoliswa izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nomanyolo osetshenziswa ku-horticulture.
• Izinhlobo eziningi zepulasitiki zikhipha izinto ezinobuthi lapho zicwiliswa emanzini. Ngakho-ke, sebenzisa kuphela izinto zepulasitiki eziklanyelwe ama-aquariums noma ukudla.
• Opende, amavanisha, amaglues kanye nodayi kunoshevu ngaphandle uma kuklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa endaweni ehlala emanzini.
• Ukhuni, i-driftwood, evanishisiwe noma efakwe izixazululo ingaba ushevu kulezo zinhlanzi ezikhuhla izinkuni, njenge-chain catfish, i-gerinocheilus, i-algae edla i-Siamese, futhi iphinde ikhiphe izinto eziyingozi emanzini.
• Izitshalo ezingafaneleki – okuhlanganisa nezitshalo ezithile ezidayiselwa ukutshalwa e-aquarium.
• Ukudla kwezinhlanzi kanye ne-crustacean, uma kungagcinwanga kahle, ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela kubuthi be-aflatoxin. 
• Intuthu kapende nevanishi, amakhemikhali, intuthu kagwayi, izibulala-zinambuzane zasendlini, ama-acaricide, nama-antifungal esitshalo sasendlini konke kungangena emanzini ngokusebenzisa ingaphezulu noma ngepompo yomoya.
• Izinsipho, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza nezinye izinto zingangena ku-aquarium kanye nezinto zokusebenza, izinto zokuhlobisa noma ezandleni. 
• Izinto ezinobuthi zingakheka ku-aquarium ngokunakekelwa okungafanele nokungafiki isikhathi, ukudlisa ngokweqile, ukuminyana, izinto eziphilayo ezidlulele.

Ubuthi be-nitrite

I-Nitrite (NO2) yakheka ngesikhathi somjikelezo we-nitrogen futhi iwumkhiqizo wokuqhekeka kwe-ammonia. Ama-nitrites anobuthi ezinhlanzini, kodwa angaphansi kwe-ammonia. Ama-nitrites alimaza izinhlanzi ngokuthinta isimiso sazo sokuphefumula. Ngama-gill, angena egazini futhi abangele i-oxidation ye-hemoglobin. Ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-nitrites kungabangela ezinye zezimpawu zobuthi obunzima, kanye nokufa kwe-hypoxia. Izimpawu ze-acute nitrite poisoning zihlanganisa ukuphefumula okusheshayo; izinhlanzi zihlale phezu kwamanzi futhi ziphefumule kanzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudlikizela kubonakala, ikakhulukazi ezinhlanzini ezincane. Izicubu zegill zingase zishintshe ukusuka kumbala opinki ojwayelekile onempilo ziye kumbala ongenempilo osukela kokunsomi kuya kokunsundu. Esikhathini esifushane - kusukela emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ukufa kungenzeka. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekugxilweni okuthe ukukhuphuka kwama-nitrites, nakuba kungavamile, kubangela ukuwohloka okuvamile kwezempilo kanye nokucindezelwa kwamasosha omzimba, njengezinye izinhlobo zobuthi obungapheli. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, izinhlanzi ezigulayo zidluliselwa emanzini ahlanzekile, noma izinto ze-nitrite neutralizing zengezwa ku-aquarium endala. Uma izinhlanzi zibekezelela usawoti kahle, ungangeza i-1 g ku-aquarium. usawoti wetafula (i-sodium chloride) ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi e-aquarium. Lesi silinganiso sizonciphisa kakhulu ubuthi be-nitrites. Okunye okungahle kwenzeke ukusebenzisa isihlungi se-bio esikhulile esivela kwelinye ithangi (uma sikhona), okuvamise ukuletha ukugxila kwe-nitrite kuze kufike kumazinga acishe abe nguziro ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2. Vimbela ubuthi be-nitrite: yinakekele kahle i-aquarium, kala imingcele yamanzi ngokuhlolwa futhi ugcine amazinga angu-zero nitrite emanzini.

Ubuthi be-nitrate

I-Nitrate (NO3) ingumkhiqizo wokugcina womjikelezo we-nitrogen. I-nitrate ayinabuthi obuncane ezinhlanzini kuneminye imikhiqizo yomjikelezo we-nitrogen, futhi ekugxilweni okuphansi ayinabungozi ekudobeni. Kodwa-ke, amazinga abo angakhuphuka ngokunakekelwa okungalungile kwe-aquarium, kanye nomanyolo wezitshalo, ukuminyana kanye nokudla ngokweqile kwezinhlanzi. Ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-nitrate kungabhekwa njengenkomba yekhwalithi yamanzi ephansi futhi kubonisa isidingo sesenzo sokulungisa. Ama-nitrate anomphumela ongapheli kunokuba abe nomthelela omkhulu. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emazingeni e-nitrate eqile kungaholela ekukhubazekeni, ukucindezeleka okungapheli, impilo engeyinhle evamile, nokungafuni ukuzala. Kungenza izinhlanzi zibe sengozini enkulu kwezinye izifo. Ukuchayeka kungazelelwe kuma-nitrate ekugxilweni okuphakeme kakhulu kunokujwayelekile kubangela ukushaqeka kwe-nitrate, okufanele kubhekwe njengobuthi obunamandla we-nitrate - izinhlanzi zivame ukugula ezinsukwini eziyi-1-3 ngemuva kokungeniswa ku-aquarium, kwesinye isikhathi zikhombisa izimpawu zobuthi obunzima, imvamisa okwesibili noma usuku lwesithathu lokuba se-aquarium. “indawo yokuhlala entsha”, batholakala befile. Izinhlanzi ezivezwe kuma-nitrate ziyabulala, ziphefumula ngokushesha, amagobolondo aphenduka abe pink ophaphathekile, amaphiko acindezelwe, ukuswela ukudla, umbala ophaphathekile, nokuluma komzimba. Ukuhlushwa kwe-nitrate ku-aquarium kufanele kukalwe njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kungaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile. Ukunakekelwa kahle kwe-aquarium, ukugwema ukuminyana, ukuphakela izinhlanzi ngendlela efanele kanye nezinguquko ezivamile zamanzi ngokwengxenye, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yamanzi ekhethekile. ukusiza ukugwema izinkinga ezihlobene nokugxila okuphezulu kwe-nitrate. Ama-nitrate angasuswa emanzini kampompi kusetshenziswa idivayisi ye-osmosis ehlehlayo.

Ubuthi be-ammonia

  I-Amonia ingena e-aquarium ngesikhathi sokuphila kwezinhlanzi ngokwazo. Ezinhlanzini, i-ammonia ikhishwa ngokuyinhloko ngamagill. Ikhiqizwa futhi ngesikhathi somjikelezo we-nitrogen. Ohlelweni oluvaliwe olufana ne-aquarium, i-ammonia ingafinyelela ekugxiliseni okunobuthi. Izimpawu zobuthi be-ammonia wukuphelelwa umoya, ukuphefumula njalo, ukudlikizeka, ukujabula ngokweqile nomsebenzi, amabala abomvu emzimbeni, amafinyila amaningi. Ngoshevu obunzima, ama-gill awonakele, umbala ushintsha kusuka ku-pink enempilo ukuya kunsundu, izinhlanzi ziphefumula futhi ziyafa. Kuvela ngokunakekelwa okungafanele kwe-aquarium, ukuminyana, ukudla ngokweqile, inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo, ukuntuleka kokuhlunga nokufaka umoya. Ukufaka isihlungi sebhayoloji esezingeni eliphakeme ku-aquarium, ukuhlanza okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokukhethwa okufanele kwezinhlobo nenani labakhileyo kuxazulula inkinga ye-ammonia eyeqile ku-aquarium.

Ubuthi be-chlorine

I-chlorine ihlala ikhona emanzini kampompi. Uma kwenzeka ubuthi, khona-ke izinhlanzi ziphenduka zibe mhlophe, futhi ama-gill nomzimba kuhlanganiswe ne-mucus, amabala abomvu avela emzimbeni, ukunyakaza kuba yisiphithiphithi, futhi ukufa kwenzeka. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela lapho amanzi engayitholi ukwelashwa kwangaphambili, kodwa athululelwa ezinhlanzi ngokuqondile empompini. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngaphambi kokutshala izinhlanzi ku-aquarium noma uma ushintsha, amanzi kufanele avikelwe esitsheni okungenani izinsuku ezingu-3-4. Uma, noma kunjalo, lokhu kungenakwenzeka, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwengeza emanzini noma izixazululo ezikhethekile zezimboni ukuze unciphise i-chlorine. 

Ubuthi be-hydrogen sulfide

Ubuthi be-hydrogen sulfide kwenzeka lapho ukunakekelwa okungafanele kwe-aquarium, ukudla ngokweqile, ukuqoqwa kwenani elikhulu lendle noma izingxenye zezitshalo ezibolayo. Phansi, kwakhiwa indawo ye-anaerobic lapho ama-nitrate aguqulwa abe yi-nitrogen. Khona-ke amaprotheni nama-amino acid aqukethe isulfure azobhujiswa. Lesi sibabule sizoncishiswa sibe i-hydrogen sulfide, igesi engenambala enuka njengamaqanda abolile. Amanzi aba namafu, uthola iphunga elingemnandi lamaqanda abolile, inhlabathi iba mnyama futhi ithola amabala amnyama. Lapho ifakwe ubuthi be-hydrogen sulfide, izinhlanzi ziba nokuminyanisa, futhi, ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo, zikhuphukela phezu kwamanzi futhi zithathe umoya womkhathi ziye emlonyeni wazo kanye / noma ziseduze nombobho we-compressor noma amanzi ahlanzekile. ipayipi nomoya ovela kusihlungi. Ngokwemvelo, kulokhu, izinhlanzi ziphefumula ngokushesha, okubonakala ngokucacile kusukela ekuhambeni okuvamile kwesembozo se-gill. Uma i-aquarist ingathathi izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokunciphisa izinga le-hydrogen sulfide emanzini, izimpawu zobuthi ziba zimbi nakakhulu.

Kulokhu, ukuhlanganiswa kokunyakaza kuphazamiseka ezinhlanzini, ziba yi-lethargic, zisabela kabi ezenzweni zangaphandle, bese zibhekana nokukhubazeka nokufa.

Kubalulekile ukunikeza izinhlanzi ukudla okuningi ezingakudla emizuzwini embalwa. Okuphakelayo akufanele kuhlale phansi futhi kubole lapho. Ukudla okusele kufanele kususwe ngokushesha. Ku-aquarium ehlanzekile, imikhiqizo ebolile yento ephilayo ifakwa i-nitrate ngokushesha. Ama-nitrate, ngenxa yokubola kwe-anaerobic phansi, aguqulwa abe i-nitrogen engenangozi, ekhishwa ngokufaka umoya.

I-gas embolism evela ku-oxygen eyeqile

I-gas embolism ezinhlanzini ibonakala njengamabhamuza amancane egesi emzimbeni noma emehlweni. Njengomthetho, azibeki ingozi enkulu empilweni. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, imiphumela ingaba yingozi kakhulu, isibonelo, uma i-lens yeso ithintwa noma ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya kuqala endaweni ye-bubble eqhumayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagwebu angakha futhi ezithweni ezibalulekile zangaphakathi (ubuchopho, inhliziyo, isibindi) futhi abangele ukufa kungazelelwe kwezinhlanzi.

Isizathu siwukulimala kwesistimu yokuhlunga noma amabhamuza amancane kakhulu asuka ku-compressor spray noma isihlungi, ancibilika ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele phezulu. Isizathu sesibili ukufakwa kwenani elikhulu lamanzi apholile kunase-aquarium ku-aquarium. Emanzini anjalo, ukuhlushwa kwamagesi ancibilikile kuhlale kuphakeme kunasemanzini afudumele. Njengoba kushisa, umoya uzokhishwa ngendlela yalawo mabhamuza amancane. 

Ubuthi ngamakhemikhali asendlini kanye nama-aerosols

Lapho ugeza futhi uhlanza i-aquarium, ungasebenzisi ama-ejenti okuhlanza anolaka; izindonga ze-aquarium zingacwiliswa ngesisombululo se-soda esingu-10%, imikhondo emincane okuthi ngemva kokwelashwa okunjalo ingabi nomthelela omubi ezinhlanzini. Ekamelweni lapho i-aquarium itholakala khona, akunconywa ukusebenzisa noma yimaphi amakhemikhali, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kudingekile ukuwasebenzisa kancane ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi kumapende, ama-varnishes, ama-solvents, izifutho zezitshalo zasendlini ezihlanjululwe, izibulala-zinambuzane. Noma yikuphi ukuthintana kwenhlanzi nanoma ibuphi ubuthi obungaba khona noma ushevu kufanele kugwenywe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nezibulala-magciwane nezibulala-zinambuzane. Intuthu kagwayi inobuthi ezinhlanzini. Kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ukubhema ekamelweni eline-aquarium; i-nicotine inomphumela omubi ikakhulukazi ku-aquarium yasolwandle. 

Ubuthi bamakhemikhali obuvela kumishini emisha nokuhlobisa

Izinto zokuhlobisa, inhlabathi, izinto zokusebenza - izihlungi, amapayipi, izifutho, ikakhulukazi ezintsha kanye nekhwalithi engabazekayo, zingakhipha izinto ezinobuthi emanzini ezingabangela ubuthi obungapheli ezinhlanzi. Udinga ukukhetha ngokucophelela ukuhlobisa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nemishini eklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ku-aquarium.

Ubuthi bensimbi

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthi izinsimbi zingene ku-aquarium:

• Ukuba khona emanzini kampompi kasawoti wensimbi ovela emithonjeni yamanzi yemvelo.
• Izinsimbi ezivela emapayipini amanzi kanye namathangi amanzi, ikakhulukazi amapayipi amanzi ashisayo ezindaweni lapho amanzi ethambile futhi ene-asidi. Emanzini anjalo, imvula ye-calcium carbonate ayifakwa, eyenza umgoqo phakathi kwensimbi namanzi, ngakho-ke amanzi ane-asidi avame ukusabela ngezinsimbi.
• Imishini ye-aquarium engafaneleki, okuhlanganisa amathangi anefreyimu yensimbi aqukethe amanzi anosawoti, nezivalo zensimbi ezihlale zifafazwa ngosawoti noma amanzi ane-asidi (isizathu singase sibe ukucwenga kakhulu noma ukungena komoya kanye nokuntuleka kwezembozo).
• imithi equkethe ithusi.
• Ukuba khona kwezinsimbi emadwaleni nasenhlabathini.

Izimpawu zobuthi bensimbi zingahluka. Ngokuvamile, izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni wezinhlanzi ziyaphazamiseka, i-gill filaments yonakaliswa, gazinga iyancipha futhi ivame ukufa. Ukwelapha izinhlanzi ezigulayo, zidluliselwa kwenye i-aquarium. Esikhathini esidala, kuyadingeka ukususa imithombo yezinsimbi, ukugeza inhlabathi, izitshalo, ukuhlobisa. Usawoti wensimbi ungasuswa yi- reverse osmosis noma wenziwe ungabi yingozi ngemikhiqizo ethile ekhethekile yokupholisa amanzi. Ungasebenzisi iziqukathi zamanzi ashisayo zethusi - ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho amanzi ethambile khona. Ngaphambi kokuqoqa amanzi ozowangeza ku-aquarium, vula umpompi wamanzi abandayo imizuzu embalwa ukuze ukhiphe amanzi amile emapayipini. Sebenzisa kuphela izinto ezifanele amanzi e-aquarium futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa kabi kanye nokusebenzisa ngokweqile imithi equkethe ithusi.

Ubuthi bemithi

Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi ukuzama ukwelapha izinhlanzi, zenza kube kubi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, izixazululo ze-saline, i-malachite eluhlaza, i-formalin, i-manganese, kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezithathelwanayo nezinambuzane. Izidakamizwa zichithwa emanzini, okwenza amabhati okwelapha. Kuyadingeka ukucubungula ngokucophelela ukubalwa komthamo, okuncike kubuningi babantu, umthamo we-aquarium kanye nohlobo lwesifo. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi ezinhlanzini kungalimaza izitho ezibalulekile, futhi zingafa. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kunconywa ukwelapha izinhlanzi ezigulayo kuphela endaweni ehlukaniswe yedwa, ubheke ngokuqinile umthamo wezidakamizwa, kanye nokuhambisana kwazo. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezahlukene ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba umphumela wabo ophelele ungaveza umphumela omubi. Endabeni ye-overdose, kuyadingeka ukufaka esikhundleni samanzi.

Ukudla ubuthi

Izinhlanzi zingafakwa ubuthi kukho kokubili ukudla okomile nokudla okuphilayo. Ukudla okomile, uma kugcinwa ngokungalungile, kungambozwa yisikhunta, futhi uma kudliswa ngokudla okunjalo, ubuthi be-aflatoxin bungenzeka. Ubuthi be-Aflatoxin abujwayelekile kakhulu, kepha kungenzeka uma i-aquarist ithola ukudla okuningi futhi, ngemuva kokuvula iphakheji, ikugcine endaweni engafanele yalokhu. Ukudla okuphilayo: i-daphnia ephilayo, i-cyclops, i-tubifex, i-bloodworm, i-gammarus, njll. ngokuvamile ithwala ingozi enkulu, ngoba, lapho igcinwe kumadamu emvelo, ingcoliswa indle evela ezinkampanini zezimboni, zikamasipala nezasekhaya, kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali. kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane , ziqongelela izinto ezinobuthi eziningi ngokwazo (umenzi wamapayipi uyingozi ikakhulukazi kulokhu: umuntu ohlala enhlabathini engcolile, ngokuvamile akakwazi ukuhlala emanzini kuphela, kodwa nakuma-puddles, indle ngisho nakumapayipi endle. ). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto ezinobuthi azibangeli ukufa kwama-crustaceans nezibungu, kodwa ziqoqa emizimbeni yazo ngobuningi obukhulu. Izinto ezinobuthi ziqala ukunqwabelana emzimbeni wezinhlanzi, okubangela ubuthi, okubonakala ngokuphulwa kwesistimu yezinzwa kanye nokugaya ukudla, okungaba yingozi ezinhlanzi. Lapho uthenga ukudla, landela imithetho yokugcina, futhi uma uphakela ukudla okuphilayo, thenga ukudla emithonjeni ethembekile.

Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela ubuthi

Uma imbangela eqondile yobuthi ingaziwa, khona-ke isisombululo esihle kakhulu ukufaka inhlanzi kwenye i-aquarium enamanzi asezingeni eliphezulu. Sebenzisa izinto zekhwalithi ephezulu eziklanyelwe ngqo i-aquarium yokunakekelwa nokuhlobisa, hlola amanzi njalo, futhi ulandele imithetho yokunakekela i-aquarium.