Amaqiniso aphezulu ayi-10 athakazelisayo nge-jellyfish

I-Jellyfish izidalwa eziphilayo ezindala kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu. Ziyamangalisa futhi azijwayelekile, yingakho zibangela imibono enomdlandla. Zihlala kuzo zonke izilwandle, olwandle - phezu kwamanzi noma ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha amaningi.

Kungcono ukuthi umuntu angahlangani nezinhlobo ezithile ze-jellyfish - isibonelo, "umnyovu wase-Australia" ungabulala abantu abangaba ngu-60 ngoshevu wawo. Lesi yisilwane esinobuthi futhi esiyingozi kakhulu olwandle. I-jellyfish yathola igama layo ngenxa yokufana nomlingiswa wezinganekwane (noma kunalokho ngekhanda lakhe) - iGorgon Medusa. Uma uvula esinye sezithombe ukuze umbuke, qaphela ukuthi esikhundleni sezinwele, unezinyoka ezihambayo ekhanda lakhe. Ukufana kwaqashelwa uCarl Linnaeus, isazi semvelo saseSweden (1707-1778.)

Ungabancoma ngokungapheli ... Kodwa masingababazi nje kuphela ubuhle bazo, kodwa futhi sifunde ngamaqiniso ayi-10 athakazelisa kakhulu nge-jellyfish. Ngakho ake siqale?

10 Yavela emhlabeni cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-650 edlule

UMedusa unesibindi eside. Bezilokhu zikhona, zikhona futhi zizoba khona. Lezi zidalwa zavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-650 edlule. Ngaphandle kwabo, akukho nolwandle olulodwa olumelwe. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-jellyfish zihlala emanzini ahlanzekile. Izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-3000 zaziwa, kodwa eziningi zazo azikakahlolisiswa.

Ukufika ku-jellyfish akulula kangako, ngoba abanye abameleli bahlala bejule kakhulu emanzini - kujule kunamamitha ayi-10. Abanye baqhathanisa laba bantu abaneminyaka eyikhulu nezinhlanzi, kodwa akukho lutho abafana ngakho ngaphandle kwendawo abahlala kuyo. Amaqoqo amaningi e-jellyfish anencazelo yawo - abizwa ngokuthi i-swarm (okusho ukuthi iqoqo).

9. Zihlala kuzo zonke izilwandle nezilwandle zomhlaba

Izidalwa ezinhle ngendlela emangalisayo nezinhlobonhlobo zihlala olwandle nolwandle, enye yazo i-jellyfish. Umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi awufundwa kancane, ngakho umhlangano nezidalwa ezihlukahlukene ungaphenduka inhlekelele kumuntu.

Uma ubuza umuntu:Ucabanga ukuthi yisiphi isakhamuzi esiyingozi kunazo zonke emhlabeni ongaphansi kwamanzi?”-ke, ngokuqinisekile, wonke umuntu uzophendula ngazwi linye: "Ushaka", Nokho, kukhona izidalwa futhi eziyingozi kakhulu ...

Njalo ngonyaka, izigidi zabantu zichayeka “ekushiseni” lapho zihlangana ne-jellyfish. Azikho i-jellyfish eyingozi ikakhulukazi olwandle lwaseRussia, kodwa into esemqoka ukuvimbela ukuthintana nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. I-Jellyfish ihlala kuzo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba futhi cishe kuzo zonke izilwandle., ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuhamba, udinga ukwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezivamile kule ndawo.

8. Hlala emanzini ahlanzekile

Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-jellyfish ingahlala emanzini kuphela. Uma zijikijelwa ogwini, khona-ke ukufa kuyovela ngokuma phansi kwelanga. Kukhona uhlobo oluzizwa lumnandi emanzini ahlanzekile - lubizwa ngokuthi i-Craspedacusta sowerbyi. I-jellyfish enjalo kungenzeka ukuthi igcinwe ku-aquarium yasekhaya, kodwa idinga ukudla nezimo ezithile.

I-jellyfish yasemanzini ahlanzekile ihlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi (ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica) emanzini angemuva emfuleni anendlela yokuzilibazisa kanye namadamu amile. Futhi ngokufanelekile i-Craspedacusta sowerbyi ihlala emachibini okwenziwa.

7. Izigaba ezine eziyinhloko ze-jellyfish

Emvelweni, izinhlobo eziningi ze-jellyfish ziyaziwa, futhi, naphezu kwesakhiwo sakudala, zonke zihluke kakhulu. Kunezigaba ezine eziyinhloko ze-jellyfish: lezi yi-scyphoid, i-hydroid, i-box jellyfish ne-staurozoa. Ake sibheke lezi zinhlobo ngokuningiliziwe.

I-Scyphoid: leli klasi lihlanganisa i-jellyfish ehlala olwandle nolwandle. Bahlala emanzini anosawoti futhi bahamba ngokukhululekile phakathi komhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi (ngaphandle kwe-jellyfish ehlezi - ayisebenzi).

I-Hydroid: lolu hlobo luhluke kwezinye ikhono layo elimangalisayo - i-jellyfish ingaphila phakade, ngoba i-hydroid ivuselelwa kusukela kumuntu omdala kuya kwengane eyodwa. Zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ze-2,5.

I-jellyfish yebhokisi: lolu hlobo lwezilwane lungabizwa ngokuthi oluyingozi kakhulu (lunegama elithi "wase wasp"). Uma umuntu ehlangana naye, khona-ke umphumela obulalayo umlindile. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, kwaba le jellyfish eyaba isishayo samatilosi azithola esemanzini. Cishe abantu abangu-80 babulawa ubuthi be-jellyfish minyaka yonke.

I-Staurozoa: abameleli be-stauromedusa abakwazi ukubhukuda futhi baphile impilo ephansi. Ukwakheka kwawo kuhlukile, ngaphandle kufana nohlobo lwefaneli. Ukunyakaza kwakhe kuhamba kancane, futhi isikhathi esiningi i-jellyfish ikhetha ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa. I-Stauromedusa ibhekwa njengento engavamile ehlanganisa izici ze-polyp ne-jellyfish.

6. Isetshenziswa emithini nasekudleni

I-Jellyfish iyisibiliboco emazweni aseMpumalanga. EJapane, eKorea, eChina, lezi zilwane ezingaphansi kwamanzi bezilokhu zidliwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, zizibiza ngokuthi "inyama yekristalu", lezi zitsha kwakungezinhle nezibiliboco.

Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi i-jellyfish yayiyingxenye yokudla kwamaRoma asendulo. Inyama ye-jellyfish iqukethe izinto eziningi eziwusizo, ama-amino acid kanye nezakhi zokulandelela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-jellyfish nayo isetshenziselwa imithi.. Odokotela baseShayina bayeluleka ngokudla i-jellyfish empunga (ecutshungulwayo, yebo) nsuku zonke kulabo abanenkinga yokungazali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane baseShayina baqinisekisa ukusebenza kwale ndlela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ikhambi libuye lilungiswe kusuka ku-jellyfish ukusiza ukuqeda impandla.

Iqiniso elihehayo: uma e-China naseNingizimu Korea zingekho izitsha ze-jellyfish kumenyu yendawo yokudlela yezinhlanzi, khona-ke isikhungo asikwazi ukuthola isigaba esiphezulu.

5. I-Jellyfish ingesinye sezilwane ezilula kakhulu emhlabeni.

I-Jellyfish izidalwa ezimangalisayo. Babangela imizwa engqubuzanayo: injabulo, ukutuseka ngisho nokwesaba. Izilwane ezindala kunazo zonke zeplanethi yethu zingama-organisms amathumbu alula.. I-jellyfish ayinabo ubuchopho noma izitho zenzwa. Kodwa banikezwe isimiso sezinzwa esibasiza ukuba babone iphunga nokukhanya. I-Jellyfish iphinde iyisebenzise ukuze ibone ukuthinta enye into ephilayo.

Kunamaqoqo angu-8 kuphela ahlukene ezinzwa ku-jellyfish - atholakala emaphethelweni esambulela se-jellyfish. Amaqoqo ayo ezinzwa abizwa ngokuthi i-ganglia.

4. Cishe amanzi angama-98%.

Leli qiniso lingase limangaze, kodwa i-jellyfish ingamanzi angu-98%. Lapho i-jellyfish yoma, kusala ingcosana nje yayo esihlabathini, alikho ngisho negobolondo. Phakathi kwezilwane zasolwandle, hhayi kuphela i-jellyfish enomzimba ofana nejeli, isibonelo, ama-anemones olwandle, ama-hydras, ama-polyps, amakhorali nawo awanawo uhlaka lwamathambo aqinile futhi wonke ahlala emanzini olwandle.

Naphezu kokuthi i-jellyfish ingamanzi angu-98%, ibangela ukusha okubuhlungu.

3. I-Turitopsis nutricula – isidalwa esiphilayo esingafi

Iyini imfihlo ye-Turritopsis nutrica yentsha? Le jellyfish ukuphela kwesidalwa esingaphila phakade. Lapho ifinyelela ukuvuthwa, iphinda ibe umuntu osemusha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lo mjikelezo uyaziphinda unomphela… Okuwukuphela kwento engabangela ukuba i-Turritopsis nutricula ife ukubulawa.

Phawula ukuthi izazi zezinto eziphilayo ziyawazi amangqamuzana “angenakufa” akwazi ukuhlukana izikhathi ezingenakubalwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo. Isibonelo salokhu ama-stem cells.

2. Umnyovu wasolwandle uyisidalwa esiyingozi kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Ukulunywa komnyovu wasolwandle (i-box jellyfish) kungabulala. Lesi ngesinye sezakhamuzi eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni ongaphansi kwamanzi.. Umnyovu wasolwandle ungabonakala ngobukhulu bensimbi - amamitha angu-2,5. Inegobolondo elisobala, inokubukeka okuhle. Ihlala esifundeni sasePacific saseNdiya, kanye nasogwini lwezwekazi lase-Australia.

Ngamatende abo, iminyovu yasolwandle ibulala amakhulu abantu minyaka yonke, kodwa i-jellyfish ayinti uma ingezwa ingozi.

1. I-Arctic giant jellyfish - enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni

I-Arctic jellyfish - ibhekwa njengenkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ihlala eNyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Atlantic. Idome layo elikhulu lingafinyelela kumamitha ama-2, futhi amatende aguquguqukayo akhula aze afike kumamitha angama-20 ubude. Inombala ohlukile, kodwa i-orange ekhanyayo ivame ukutholakala (ngokukhula, umbala ugcwala kakhulu).

Umzimba wakhe unoketshezi olungamaphesenti angama-95 futhi umise okwekhowe. Amathente amaningi e-jellyfish anganwebeka aze afike kumamitha angama-20.

Iqiniso elihehayo: I-arctic giant jellyfish ibonakala endabeni emfushane ka-Arthur Conan Doyle ethi “The Lion's Mane”.