I-Staphylococcus aureus ezinjeni

Izimbangela kanye nama-causative agents alesi sifo

I-Staphylococcus aureus iwuhlobo lwamagciwane asatshalaliswa kabanzi emhlabeni. Izizathu zokusakazeka kwalesi sifo zihlanganisa ukumelana okuphezulu kwalawa magciwane ezidakamizwa, ikhono le-staphylococci lokuhlanganisa ubuthi obuhlukahlukene, ngalinye elingakwazi ukwenza ngokwehlukana. Konke lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezahlukene zokuvikela nokuvimbela. Futhi, izifundo ezihlukahlukene zesayensi ezibangelwa ukusabalala kwe-staphylococcus aureus zihlanganisa ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, ukuphakelwa okungenakulinganisela kwezilwane ezifuywayo, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa okungalawulwa kwama-antibiotic ngabanikazi bezilwane.

Ngokuqondene nama-pathogens athile, kunezinhlobo ezinjalo ze-staphylococcus ezinjeni njenge:

• saprophytic staphylococcus (Staphylococcus saprophyticus);
• i-epidermal staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus epidermidis);
• I-Staphylococcus aureus (i-Staphylococcus aureus);
• i-hemolytic staphylococcus (Staphylococcus haemolyticus);
• kodwa ngokuvamile ezinjeni i-coagulase-positive staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus intermedius) iyenzeka.

Ngaphambilini kwakukholelwa ukuthi zonke lezi zinhlobo ezingenhla ze-staphylococcus zingabangela isifo, kodwa ngenxa yempumelelo yesayensi yesimanje, ikakhulukazi ukuhlaziywa kwe-phylogenetic, kwatholakala ukuthi ezimweni eziningi yi-Staphylococcusps eudintermedius, okuyi-subspecies ye-Staphylococcus intermedius, lokho kubangela ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo.

Izincwadi ezindala zibonisa ukuthi lesi sifo singabangelwa yi-Staphylococcus aureus, kodwa okwamanje kukholakala ukuthi ukudideka kwakungenxa yokuthi amagciwane ahlobene ne-morphologically nezindlela ezindala zokuxilongwa kwelabhorethri azizange zivumele ukuba zihlukaniswe komunye nomunye.

Iqiniso: I-Staphylococcus aureus ayitholakali ezinjeni! (esithombeni isilwane esifuywayo esine-otitis media - enye yezibonakaliso ezingenzeka zesifo)

I-Hemolytic staphylococcus aureus ezinjeni ifanelwe ukukhulunywa ngokukhethekile. I-Hemolytic Staphylococcus iyi-bacterium ebangela ukusabela okuthathelwanayo nokuvuvukala emzimbeni womuntu. I-hemolytic microorganism yathola igama layo ngenxa yekhono layo le-hemolysis, okungukuthi, ukubhujiswa. I-Hemolytic staphylococcus iyibhaktheriya ye-pathogenic enemibandela kubantu, iyakwazi ukubangela izinqubo ezihlukahlukene ze-purulent. Ngezinye izikhathi emiphumeleni yesiko le-bacteriological, umnikazi uhlangabezana nenkulumo enjengokuthi "i-hemolytic coagulase staphylococcus aureus positive enja." Kodwa kusho kuphela ukuba khona ekuhlwanyeleni kwe-microorganism eyingxenye ye-microflora evamile yenja, okungukuthi, ayikwazi ukubangela ukutheleleka, futhi akufanele ukhathazeke ngomphumela onjalo.

Ingabe i-staphylococcus ingadluliselwa kusuka ezinjeni iye kubantu?

Umbuzo ovame ukubuzwa kudokotela wezilwane uwukuthi: kungenzeka yini ukuthola i-staphylococcus aureus enjeni? Ingabe uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-staphylococcus aureus ezinjeni luyingozi kubantu - i-intermedius? Ngeshwa, kulesi simo, impendulo inguyebo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva kutholakale ukuthi ezinjeni lesi sifo sibangelwa ikakhulukazi i-Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, futhi kubantu yi-Staphylococcus aureus ne-epidermal, i-colonization ye-"canine" engamelana nezidakamizwa i-Staphylococcus aureus nayo ingenzeka. abantu. Kulokhu, abantu abane-immunity ebuthakathaka, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, kanye nezingane ezincane kanye nabantu asebekhulile kufanele baqaphele.

Ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nangemva kokuxhumana nesilwane esigulayo, geza izandla zakho kahle. Kufanele uqaphele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa futhi ungavumeli izandla ezingagezwanga zomuntu ukuba zihlangane nolwelwesi lwamafinyila namanxeba esikhumbeni.

Izimpawu

Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-staphylococcal zincike ohlotsheni lwe-microbe kanye nesitho esithintekile. Njengamanje, i-staphylococcosis igxile futhi ijwayelekile. Ifomu elijwayelekile lifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile, okungaholela ku-sepsis nokufa kwesilwane.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izifo ze-staphylococcal zingenzeka ngezimpawu ezihlukahlukene: kusukela ezinqubweni ze-septic ezingapheli, ezihambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwamathumba ezithweni zangaphakathi, kuya ezilonda ezihlukahlukene zesikhumba ezingabonakala njenge-conjunctivitis, i-cystitis, i-otitis media, i-rhinitis, i-pyometra, i-polyarthritis, i-gingivitis, njll. Kodwa kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngokuvamile imbangela yalesi sifo ayikona ukuba khona kwe-staphylococcus emzimbeni, kodwa ezinye izimbangela.

Kodwa-ke, ukubonakaliswa okuvame kakhulu kwe-staphylococcus ezinjeni okwamanje kuwuphawu lwe-pyoderma, noma ukuvuvukala kwe-purulent kwesikhumba, okungukuthi, inja izoba ne-cocci esikhumbeni. Lesi sifo, kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu, sihlukaniswe sibe phezulu futhi sijulile, futhi i-purulent otitis nayo ihlukaniswe ngokwehlukana. Ezilwaneni ezincane, i-pyoderma ivame ukuzibonakalisa ngendlela yama-pustules esiswini, esifubeni, ekhanda nasezindlebeni (i-otitis media eyingozi futhi engapheli ene-purulent discharge). Nge-otitis, iphunga elimnandi elivela ezindlebeni liyaphawulwa, izinja ziyaluma, zinyakazise izindlebe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-otitis media ingase ibe ukubonakaliswa kwesifo kuphela.

Ifomu elijwayelekile lingase libe umphumela wokuntuleka kokwelashwa kwezinqubo zokugxila noma ukuthuthukisa ngokumelene nesizinda sezinye izifo ezinokwephulwa okunzima kobuqotho besikhumba kanye ne-vascular permeability. Futhi, ifomu elijwayelekile lingathuthuka ngokumelene nesizinda sokwelashwa okungalungile - isibonelo, lapho imithamo ephezulu yezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala zihlanganiswa ngokuhlanganiswa nezidakamizwa ze-corticosteroid, okuholela ekwehleni okukhulu kokuphikiswa komzimba.

Diagnostics

Ezweni lanamuhla, akunzima ukuxilonga "i-staphylococcosis". Ezinhlotsheni zesikhumba zesifo - ngokwesibonelo, lapho kukhona i-staphylococcus aureus ezindlebeni zenja noma uma kunezilonda zesikhumba (lapho i-staphylococcus itholakala esikhumbeni kuphela), kwanele ukuthi udokotela athathe i-smear imprint cytology yenza ukuxilongwa. Kodwa ngezilonda ze-systemic, kanye nezifo ezivuthayo zesinye (okungukuthi, lapho i-staphylococcus itholakala ekuhlolweni komchamo), ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwesilwane kuyadingeka: inani eliphelele legazi, i-biochemistry yegazi kanye nesampula evela ezithweni ezithintekile. isiko le-bacteriological nge-titration eyisibopho yemiphumela kuma-antibiotics.

Ukwelashwa kwe-staphylococcus

Indlela yokwelapha i-staphylococcus aureus ezinjeni? Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ekwelapheni i-staphylococcus, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa indlela ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisa kokubili ukwelashwa kwendawo kanye ne-systemic. Yiqiniso, umuntu akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwenkambo yokwelashwa kwalesi sifo, kodwa umnikazi kufanele aqonde ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukukhetha umuthi, umthamo kanye nenkambo yokwelashwa kwama-antibiotic ekhaya - lokhu kufanele kwenziwe nguchwepheshe wezilwane. Futhi, ezimweni eziningi zesifo, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa inkinga yokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo eziphikisanayo ze-staphylococci, ukucacisa uhlobo lwe-antibiotic, kuyadingeka ukwenza isiko le-bacteriological ngokunqunywa kwe-subtitration kuma-antibiotics.

Kodwa kwezinye izifo (isibonelo, ekwelapheni izifo zesikhumba), i-empiric antibiotic therapy ibuye isetshenziswe, okungukuthi, i-symptomatic, lapho ukuzwela kwe-bacteriological kunganqunywa. Iqiniso liwukuthi esikhumbeni sezinja kukhona inani elikhulu le-microflora, kufaka phakathi ephephile ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke imiphumela yokuhlwanyela ivame ukuba ne-positive yamanga. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela unquma ukusetshenziswa kwe-antibiotic ebanzi. Futhi, ngeshwa, kwezinye izimo, ama-antibiotics kufanele asetshenziswe isikhathi eside (kuze kube yinyanga eyodwa noma ezimbili zilandelana) ukwelapha izifo ze-staphylococcal eziphindaphindiwe.

Ngaphezu kokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, izidakamizwa ezinjengama-hormone e-corticosteroid noma ama-antihistamines (isibonelo, ukumisa i-pyoderma ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba nokudla), i-hepatoprotectors, izidakamizwa ze-choleretic zokwelashwa kwezifo zesibindi, amalungiselelo amavithamini ezifo ezihlobene nokungondleki kwesilwane asetshenziswa. ukwelapha izifo ze-staphylococcal ezinjeni. , kanye nokudla okukhethekile (isibonelo, ukudla nge-protein hydrolysate).

Ukwelashwa kwe-topical kusetshenziselwa ukubonakaliswa kwesikhumba kwe-staphylococcus aureus futhi kuyadingeka njalo ngokuhlanganiswa nokwelashwa kwe-systemic ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokwelashwa nokunciphisa ukusabalala kwamagciwane angaphezulu. Ukwelashwa kwendawo kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-antiseptics anezindawo zokomisa nezibulala amagciwane. Enye yezidakamizwa ezidume kakhulu yisisombululo se-0,05% se-chlorhexidine, kanye ne-miramistin, i-furacillin. Ngezilonda eziningi zesikhumba, ukusetshenziswa kwama-shampoos akhethekile wezilwane aqukethe isisombululo se-chlorhexidine esingu-4-5% kuyafaneleka. Nge-purulent dermatitis, izifutho zama-antibiotic, njenge-terramycin spray noma i-chemi spray, zinomphumela omuhle wokwelapha. Lapho kukhona i-staphylococcus aureus ezindlebeni, amaconsi endlebe ngama-antibiotics asetshenziswa. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhambi wendawo ezimweni eziningi akwanele.

Yiqiniso, izinja ezithuthukisa i-staphylococci ngemuva kwezinye izifo zidinga ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele kwesifo esiyisisekelo ngaphezu kokwelashwa kwe-staph infection. Isibonelo, ngokuvuvukala kwe-purulent kwesibeletho (pyometra), ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kusetshenziswa.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi izindlela zokwelapha ze-S. aureus kubantu kanye ne-S. intermedius ezinjeni azihlukile kakhulu.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Izinkinga ezingenzeka zokutheleleka kwe-staph ezinjeni zihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana nama-antibiotic. Ngeshwa, okwamanje, kunokuthambekela kokusakazeka okubanzi kwe-staphylococcus aureus engazweli, okungukuthi, ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane, emhlabeni wonke. Njengomphumela wocwaningo, kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi ezinjeni ezithintekile yi-staphylococcus i-staphylococcus aureus engamelana nezidakamizwa ingahlukaniswa unyaka wonke ngemuva kokululama, ngakho-ke, izilwane ezinjalo ezifuywayo kufanele zibhekwe njengomthombo ongase ube khona wokusabalala kwalesi sigameko esiyingozi. ukutheleleka.

i-staphylococcus aureus emidlwaneni

Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanelwe i-staphylococcus aureus emidlwaneni. Izimpawu ze-staphylococcus aureus kumdlwane zihlanganisa kokubili ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu (ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo) nokubonakaliswa kwendawo (dermatitis). Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo emidlwaneni ngokuyinhloko kuhlotshaniswa nezici ezihlobene neminyaka yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni kanye ne-metabolism, enomthelela ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezihlukahlukene.

Iziyaluyalu zesistimu zihambisana ne-gag reflexes, izihlalo ezixekethile ezivamile, ezingase zibangele ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi emzimbeni wenja. Ngisho nokufa kungenzeka. Amacala achazwa lapho udoti wemidlwane wangaphandle uphile saka ngokuzumayo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuqubuka kubonakala esiswini kanye ne-groin, ukwanda kwama-lymph nodes abonakalayo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indlela yokusebenza kwezidakamizwa emidlwaneni ihluke kakhulu ezilwaneni ezindala. Isibonelo, akunconywa ukunikeza ama-puppies ama-antibiotic omlomo ngoba angathinta kabi i-microflora yamathumbu. Futhi, ngeshwa, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ukutheleleka kwesikhumba okuvamile kumdlwane kungaholela ekuguleni kwesistimu (sepsis). Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela izifo emidlwaneni kufanele kuphathwe ngokucophelela. Iphuzu elihle kuphela iqiniso lokuthi ngokwelashwa okufanele, imidlwane ilulama ngokushesha kunezilwane ezindala, futhi ngenxa yalokho, idinga inkambo emfushane yokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic.

Ngaphambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi imbangela yokuthuthukiswa kwe-purulent conjunctivitis emidlwaneni yi-Staphylococcus aureus, ngoba itholakala ezitshalweni ezivela esikhwameni se-conjunctival. Kodwa muva nje kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi amabhaktheriya awayona imbangela eyinhloko yokuthuthukiswa kwe-conjunctivitis, kuhlale kudingekile ukubheka esinye isici se-etiological - kungaba ukungezwani komzimba, ukulimala komshini, izici ze-anatomical (isibonelo, i-ectopic eyelashes), njll. .

Izindlela zokuvimbela

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-staphylococcal, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi leli gciwane liyingxenye ye-microflora ye-pathogenic enemibandela, okungukuthi, zonke izilwane ezinempilo ngokuvamile zine-staphylococcus aureus. Kuholela kulesi sifo kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezinja kubaluleke kakhulu, kuhlanganise nokudla okuphelele (ukudla kwezimboni noma ukudla okuzenzela okulinganiselayo ngokubonisana nochwepheshe wezokudla), inhlanzeko, ukuhamba okwanele, nokuvala inzalo kwezilwane ezingabandakanyi ekuzaleni.

Ngeshwa, okwamanje kukhona ubufakazi bokusinda isikhathi eside kwe-staphylococcus engamelana nezidakamizwa ezintweni zemvelo (kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 ngemuva kokutholwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo). Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokwelapha isiguli ngokwakhe, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekubulaweni kwe-disinfection yemvelo.

Futhi khumbula ukuthi ukuxilonga okwenziwe kahle kuphela kanye nokwelashwa okunqunywe kahle kuzokuvumela ukuthi welaphe isilwane sakho futhi ungahlangani ne-microflora emelana nama-antibiotic!

I-athikili ayikona ukubizela esenzweni!

Ukuze uthole ukucwaninga okuningiliziwe kwenkinga, sincoma ukuthi uxhumane nochwepheshe.

Buza udokotela wezilwane

11 September 2020

Kubuyekezwe: February 13, 2021