I-Demodicosis ezinjeni

I-Demodex mite - iyisakhamuzi esivamile sesikhumba ezinjeni futhi ingatholakala esikhunjeni nasezindlebeni zendlebe ngisho nasezilwaneni ezinempilo. Ithola esikhumbeni sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezivela kumama ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-2-3 zokuphila. Akunakwenzeka ukutheleleka nge-demodicosis kusuka enja egulayo; Ukudluliselwa kwe-intrauterine nakho akufakiwe. Ocwaningweni lwezicubu zezinja ezashona ngenxa yezifo ezehlukene, lezi zinambuzane ziphinde zatholakala ezithweni zangaphakathi, emchameni, endle nasegazini. Kodwa lokho okutholakele kubhekwa njengengozi, ngoba umkhaza uphefumula umoya-mpilo futhi, ngokufanele, awukwazanga ukuhlala ngaphakathi komzimba. Ukukhukhuleka kwemikhaza ezithweni zangaphakathi kwenzeka ngegazi kanye ne-lymph kusukela ekugxilweni kokuvuvukala. Ngaphandle komzimba, lezi zinambuzane azikwazi ukuphila.

Cishe i-80% yamacala e-demodicosis abonwa ezinjeni ezihlanzekile, kuphela ama-20% avela ezilwaneni eziphuma ngaphandle. Kukhona futhi ukubikezelwa kohlobo: isibonelo, i-Scottish Terrier, i-Shar Pei, i-Afghan Hound, i-Great Dane, i-English Bulldog, i-West Highland White Terrier, i-Doberman igula kaningi kunabanye.

Isithombe se-demodicosis ezinjeni

Izimbangela

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwe-demodicosis ezinjeni - Kunciphisa ukungatheleleki. Ukuzivikela kungancishiswa ngokumelene nesizinda sezifo ezihlukahlukene ezikhona esilwaneni: ezithathelwanayo, ukuvuvukala, isifo sikashukela, izimila ezimbi, ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine, kanye nangesikhathi se-estrus nokukhulelwa kuma-bitches. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene ezinomphumela we-immunosuppressive (isibonelo, izidakamizwa ezivela eqenjini le-glucocorticosteroids) nakho kuholela ekwehleni kokuzivikela komzimba. Izimo ezimbi zokugcina inja, ukuphakelwa kwekhwalithi ephansi, ukungazivocavoci, ukugcwala okuminyene, ukuntuleka kwamagumbi afudumele okugcinwa kuwo ngenkathi ebandayo. - konke lokhu kunomthelela ekwehleni kwamasosha omzimba futhi kungaba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-demodicosis. Enye imbangela ye-demodicosis - ukukhubazeka kofuzo, okungukuthi, okuzuzwa njengefa. Lesi sici sithinta i-lymphocyte (amangqamuzana amasosha omzimba), okuholela ekukhiqizeni okungalawulwa kwama-parasites.

Izimpawu ze-demodicosis ezinjeni

Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokusola ukukhula kwesifo enjeni yakho - lokhu kubonakala kwe-alopecia, okungukuthi, izindawo zomzimba ezinokulahlekelwa izinwele kanye nokwephulwa kwenqubo yokukhula yabasha. Ezinye izimpawu ze-demodicosis enja zingaba ubomvu nokukhishwa kwesikhumba, ukwakheka kwama-pustules. Ukunakwa ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe esikhumbeni esizungeze amehlo, izindebe. Esigabeni sokuqala se-demodicosis, inja ngeke ilume, futhi lezi zilonda ngeke zibangele ukukhathazeka esilwaneni. Ukulunywa kubonakala kuphela lapho ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya noma ukukhunta kuxhunywe ezilonda ezikhona. Amagciwane e-Staphylococcus (ikakhulukazi i-Staphylococcus pseudintermedius) angatholakala kaningi, i-streptococci, amagciwane amise okwenduku kanye nesikhunta semvubelo (uhlobo lwe-Malassezia) ajwayelekile kancane. Ezimweni ezinganakwa ikakhulukazi, kungase kube nokucindezeleka kwenhlalakahle evamile, ukwenqaba ukudla, isilwane singase sife ngenxa ye-sepsis.

Izinhlobo ze-demodicosis

Ngokusho kokusabalala kwezilonda, umuntu angakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwendawo (inani elincane lezilonda emzimbeni) kanye ne-demodicosis ejwayelekile (ukubamba izindawo ezinkulu zesikhumba). Ngokweminyaka yobudala, ihlukaniswe yaba yintsha (i-demodicosis emidlwaneni) nezinja ezindala. Ngohlobo lokubonakaliswa komtholampilo - i-pustular (pyodemodecosis), i-papular (i-nodular), i-squamous (i-scaly) futhi ixutshwe.

Kwenziwe kwaba okwasendaweni

Imvamisa ingatholakala ezinjeni ezisencane (kuze kube unyaka owodwa ubudala). Ngokusho kwedatha yesimanje, i-demodicosis ibhekwa njengeyasendaweni uma kunezilonda ezinhlanu noma ngaphansi emzimbeni ezinobubanzi obufika ku-1 amasentimitha. Lezi zilonda ziyizindawo eziklanywe kahle, ezingenazinwele, ezinobomvu noma ezingenabo, futhi ukuxebuka nakho kungenzeka. Isikhumba singase sibe ne-bluish-grey tint, ama-comedones (amachashazi amnyama) kanye nephunga elibi ngezinye izikhathi liyaphawulwa. Ngokuvamile, izilonda ezinjalo zitholakala emlonyeni, ikhanda, intamo, imilenze yangaphambili. Ungathola izibuko zesici “zedemodectic” ngendlela yobubomvu eduze kwamehlo. Cishe i-2,5% yezimo zesifundo sendawo ziphenduka ifomu elijwayelekile.

Okujwayelekile

Isithombe somtholampilo sifana ne-demodicosis yendawo, kodwa sithatha izindawo eziningi zesikhumba senja. Kuyisiko ukubiza i-demodicosis ejwayelekile uma kunezilonda ezingaphezu kuka-5, noma lezi zilonda zingaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-2,5, noma uma ingxenye eyodwa yomzimba ithintekile iyonke (umlomo wonke, umlenze wonke, njll.) . Izimpawu zomtholampilo zihlanganisa impandla, ukuxebuka, ama-comedones, ukufiphala kwesikhumba. Ngokunokwenzeka, ukwengezwa kwe-bacterial noma i-fungal flora yesibili, ebangela ukuvela kwama-pimples nama-pustules, amathumba (ukuvuvukala endaweni yezimpande zezinwele, okungukuthi, kakade ezingxenyeni ezijulile zesikhumba) kanye i-fistula. Ngalokhu okuhlukile kwenkambo, ukulunywa kuzoba yingxenye ebalulekile yesifo, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzokhula kube umuzwa obuhlungu ngempela. Ezimweni ezithuthuke kakhulu, umuntu kufanele alindele ukwanda kwama-lymph nodes, ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla, nokucindezeleka kwesimo esijwayelekile. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, isilwane sizofa ngokushesha.

I-demodicosis ejwayelekile ihlanganisa nokulimala kwezimbuzane ezithweni zenja. - i-pododemodecosis. Ungabona ukuvuvukala kwezidladla, isikhumba sibe mnyama, ama-cysts interdigital, ama-fistulous passages aphuma ngendlela ehlukile kubo, ukuxhwala ngenxa yobuhlungu. Inja izolokhu ikhotha izitho, ikakhulukazi amaphedi naphakathi kwezinzwane. Angase abe nolaka lapho ezama ukugeza izidladla zabo ngemva kokuhamba. I-Podomodecosis inzima ukwelapha.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ngisho nezindlebe zendlebe ziyathinteka, okubangela i-otitis externa (i-otodemodicosis). Lolu hlobo lwesilonda luphinde lubhekisele efomini elijwayelekile. Ungabona ukubomvu kwendawo yangaphakathi yezindlebe, ukukhishwa okunsundu, iphunga elingathandeki elivela ezindlebeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inja ingakwazi ukugubha ikhanda layo, igxilise izindlebe zayo ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, futhi iphinde ikhiphe izindlebe nendawo eseduze nezindlebe (izihlathi, intamo).

Izingane

I-juvenile demodicosis yisifo semidlwane eneminyaka esukela ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 kuye kweziyi-12. Lolu hlobo lwe-demodicosis cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi lubangelwa ukukhubazeka kwefa ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba, okungukuthi, omunye wabazali naye wayegula. Umzimba wale midlwane awukwazi ukulawula ngokuzimela inani lemikhaza, ngenxa yalokho inani labo liyanda futhi libangela ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo yesifo. Izilwane ezinjalo kufanele zisuswe ekuzaleni ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo. Ezinye izimpawu zomtholampilo zizoncika ohlotsheni lwenkambo yesifo (sendawo noma esejwayelekile).

izilwane ezindala

Ezilwaneni ezikhulile, ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kuzovame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuncipha kokuzivikela ngokumelene nesizinda sesifo esiyisisekelo. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-demodicosis itholwa ezinjeni ezindala, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwempilo jikelele kuyadingeka: ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba kanye nezifundo ezengeziwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ikakhulukazi ekusesheni izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, i-hypothyroidism, i-hyperadrenocorticism, nezimila ezimbi. Ngokusho kwedatha, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwesifo esiyisisekelo kunikeza ukukhululwa okuhle ku-demodicosis. Nokho, ngaphezu kwengxenye yezinja ezahlolwa ngokuphelele azizange zibonise ezinye izifo. Esinye isizathu se-demodicosis ezilwaneni ezikhulile ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ze-immunosuppressive ezibekwe ukwelapha isifo esiyinhloko.

i-pustular

Leli fomu libonakala ngokubonakala kwama-pustules esikhumbeni. Lawa ma-pustules aqhuma ngemva kwesikhashana, okuqukethwe kwawo kuyaphuma futhi ome. Isikhumba singase sibe bomvu noma sibe mnyama, siba nemibimbi futhi siqine, bese kuvela iphunga elibi. Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba kwenzeka ngokushesha ngokwanele futhi kusakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ezingazange zithinteke yi-parasite.

Okubhaliwe

Ngaleli fomu, ama-nodules ayindilinga, avame ukubomvu futhi anomkhawulo ngokugqamile angabonwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba, ububanzi bawo bungafinyelela kumamilimitha ayi-1-6. Lawa maqhuqhuva angase alume enjeni, kodwa angase angabangeli nhlobo ukukhathazeka.

I-Squamous

Ngohlobo lwe-squamous, izilonda ezincane, ze-mosaic zivela esikhumbeni senja, ezimbozwe ngezikali ezinjenge-bran. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baqala ukuhlangana, kulezi zindawo kukhona ukwanda kwezinwele.

Mixed

Lolu hlobo lwezilonda luhlanganisa zonke lezi zimpawu zomtholampilo ezingenhla (ama-papules, ama-pustules nezikali) futhi zingaba nzima kakhulu, zicindezele ukuphila kahle kwesilwane.

Diagnostics

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokucophelela, kucatshangelwa umlando (izikhalazo ngokusho komnikazi, umlando wezokwelapha), ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, nokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri. Indlela eyinhloko yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa yi-microscopy ye-scrapings yesikhumba. Ukukhuhla kuyadingeka kuzo zonke izindawo ezithintekile zomzimba. Ukukhuhla kufanele kujule ngokwanele, kwenziwe nge-scalpel kuze kuvele amaconsi okuqala egazi, ngoba umkhaza uhlala ezingxenyeni ezijulile zesikhumba (i-follicle yezinwele). I-Trichoscopy (ukuhlolwa kwezinwele ezihlwithiwe) noma ukuhlola okunamathelayo (ukuthatha izinto ukuze uhlolwe kusetshenziswa itheyiphu encane yokunamathela) nakho kungase kube usizo. Uma kukhona ama-pustules aphelele emzimbeni, kubalulekile ukwenza i-microscopy yokuqukethwe kwawo. Ukuze wenze ukuxilongwa, udinga ukuthola inombolo enkulu yemikhaza ezigabeni ezihlukene zokukhula kwabo. Ukutholakala komkhaza owodwa nje kungaba yinto etholwe ngephutha, kodwa akumele kushaywe indiva ngokuphelele. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ama-scrapings anconywa ukuthi aphindwe ngemva kwesikhashana (amaviki angu-2-3) ukuze acacise ukuxilongwa. Uma i-otodemodecosis isolwa, khona-ke i-microscopy yokuqukethwe kwemigudu yangaphandle yokuzwa yenziwa. Ezimweni ezingabazekayo ikakhulukazi, kungase kuphakanyiswe i-biopsy yesikhumba nokuhlolwa kwayo kwe-histological. Futhi, ezimweni ezingabazekayo, ukwelashwa kwesilingo kungase kunikezwe udokotela, ngisho noma ukuxilongwa kungenakuqinisekiswa ngesikhathi sokuqokwa kokuqala.

Ukwelashwa kwe-demodicosis ezinjeni

Ezinhlotsheni zesimanje zokwelapha i-demodicosis ezinjeni, amalungiselelo omlomo aphephile kakhulu avela eqenjini le-isoxazoline (i-fluralaner, i-afoxolaner, i-sarolaner) isetshenziswa. Imithi enjalo iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuvimbela ukulunywa kwamazeze kanye nemikhaza ngokuqhubekayo, ngaphandle kwengozi yokulimaza umzimba uma isetshenziswe ngokulandela imiyalelo. Uhlelo lokwelashwa nabo lungahluka futhi luncike ezingeni lokulimala kwenja nge-demodicosis kanye nomuthi othize okhethiwe.

Uma engekho imali noma amanye amathuba okusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinjalo, uhlobo lokwelapha lwakudala olusebenzisa izidakamizwa zeqembu le-avermectin lingasetshenziswa. Le mijovo isebenza kahle uma iphuzwa ngomlomo, kodwa inemiphumela engemihle eyengeziwe (ukuconsa, ukukhathala, ukuhambahamba ngendlela ediyazelayo, ukudlikizeka, kanye nokuquleka). Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuvinjelwe emidlwaneni engaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ubudala. Kukhona nokungabekezelelani kohlobo lwezidakamizwa kuleli qembu kwezinye izinja (collie, English shepherd dog, Australian shepherd, Scottish shepherd dog kanye neziphambano zabo). Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kwesakhi sofuzo esinesici emzimbeni wabo, ngenxa yokuthi i-molecule yezidakamizwa "ihlala" ebuchosheni futhi ayikwazi ukuyishiya, okubangela izinkinga eziningi zezinzwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-demodicosis, izidakamizwa ezivela eqenjini le-amitraz ngendlela yesisombululo samanzi zingasetshenziswa njengamabhavu kuwo wonke umzimba, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi engase ibe khona (ukudangala, ukulunywa, urticaria, ukuhlanza, ukwenqaba ukudla, ukuhamba okungaqinile kuvame ukunyamalala ngemva kwamahora angu-12 -24).

Kukhona nobufakazi bokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-macrocyclic lactones ekwelapheni i-demodicosis, kodwa le nkinga isaphikisana. Lapho kukhona ukutheleleka kwesibili, amalungiselelo endawo (amafutha ahlukahlukene e-antibacterial kanye nama-shampoos) anganqunywa, ezimweni ezithuthukisiwe ikakhulukazi, ama-antibiotic esistimu anqunywa ngemithamo ye-dermatological.

Kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokwelapha i-demodicosis enjeni kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ukuklwebheka okungalungile okulandelanayo kanye nesikhawu senyanga eyodwa phakathi kwabo. Ukwelashwa kungase kunwetshwe enye inyanga ngemva kwalokho njengendlela yokuvimbela ukuphindeka ekuguleni. Ukubuyela emuva ngendlela evamile yesifundo akuvamile. Ukwelashwa kwabo kungaba yinde impela, kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu. Izilwane ezinjalo zingakwazi ngisho nokucwiliswa.

Ingozi kubantu

I-Demodex iyi-parasite eqondile, okungukuthi, isilwane esibulala izinja, kodwa esingakwazi ukuqeda abantu. Futhi, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, i-demodex iyisakhamuzi esivamile sesikhumba sesilwane. Iphindaphinda, ibangele izifo, kuphela ezimweni zemvelo ethile (ngenxa yokuncipha kokuzivikela noma ukukhubazeka kofuzo) futhi, ngokufanele, ayitheleleki.

Prevention

Ukuvimbela okungcono kakhulu kokuvela kwe-demodicosis ukugcina ukuzivikela kwenja kusezingeni eliphezulu. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokumenzela izimo zokuphila ezinethezekile: ukudla okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, ukunakekelwa nothando. Kuyadingeka futhi ukwenza izivivinyo zokuvimbela njalo kudokotela wezilwane ukuze kutholakale ama-pathologies angenzeka, ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezindala kuneminyaka eyi-7. Zonke izilwane ezinohlobo olujwayelekile lwe-demodicosis akufanele zizalwe, ngoba ngezinga eliphezulu lokungenzeka ufuzo olungalungile lwe-"demodectic" luzodluliselwa enzalweni. Izinja ezinjalo zingathenwa, okuvimbela nokuvela kwezifo kuma-bitches ngesikhathi se-estrus.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Izinkinga ngefomu lendawo yenkambo ye-demodicosis kanye nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, njengomthetho, azibonwa. Izinkinga eziyinhloko ezingenzeka zihlanganisa ukutheleleka kwesibili ngama-bacterial and fungal agents. Ngokwelashwa okungazelelwe, kuzoba nokwanda kwama-lymph nodes alula, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba, ukucindezeleka okujwayelekile, ukwenqaba ukudla, ukulunywa okungabekezeleleki. Lokhu kulandelwa yi-sepsis nokufa kwesilwane.

I-athikili ayikona ukubizela esenzweni!

Ukuze uthole ukucwaninga okuningiliziwe kwenkinga, sincoma ukuthi uxhumane nochwepheshe.

Buza udokotela wezilwane

2 September 2020

Kubuyekezwe: February 13, 2021