I-Mulard duck breed - izici eziyinhloko zokugcina nokondla ekhaya

Imvamisa, abanikazi bomhlaba wabo banentshisekelo yokuzalanisa uhlobo olungajwayelekile lwamadada - ama-mulards, avele muva nje. Uma ungahloli ufuzo, khona-ke lokhu kuyi-hybrid yedada elijwayelekile le-musk lasekhaya, kodwa kunomehluko othile oshiwoyo.

Uhlobo lwe-mularda luyingxube futhi lwakhuliswa ngokuwela inkukhu ye-Indouka ne-Beijing. Ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo eziyinhloko zalezi zinhlobo ezimbili, i-mulard yathola ukuthandwa ngokushesha phakathi kwabafuyi bezinkukhu. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale idada elinjalo egcekeni lakho, udinga ukuqonda izici zokugcina nokondla amadada ohlobo lwe-mulard.

Izici zohlobo

Mulardy, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kunjalo hybrids of musk kanye Beijing izihlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abathengisi abangenangqondo bafakazela kanjani ukuthi lolu hlobo lulula ukuzalela ekhaya, ama-mulards awakaze abe nayo inzalo. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi akunangqondo ukushiya le nyoni ngenhloso yokuqhubeka nokuzalanisa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imvelo yemvelo yokuqhubeka ibonakala kubo, ukuvundiswa kwamaqanda akwenzeki. Lokhu kufakazelwe ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuhlolwa.

Ezimweni eziningi, amadada e-mulard akhuliswa njengohlobo lwenyama ngenxa yokukhiqiza kwawo okuphezulu. Lolu hlobo lutholwa ukuze kukhiqizwe imikhiqizo yenyama esheshayo. Izinyanga ezingu-3-4 inyoni ithola isisindo sokuhlatshwa kuze kufike ku-4 kg noma ngaphezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, izindleko zokunakekela ziyafana kuwo womabili ama-mulards kanye nedada lasePeking, kepha inyama eningi itholakala ohlotsheni lokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mhlobo ungaphakelwa ngenkani ukuze uthole ubumnandi - i-foie gras.

I-Mulard iyidada elinemibala ehlukahlukene, njengoba kufakazelwa amavidiyo ahlukahlukene nezithombe ku-inthanethi. Inyoni enjalo ingaba umhlobiso wegceke lasekhaya. Idada livame ukuba nezimpaphe ezimnyama noma ezimhlophe ezinebala elihlukile ekhanda lohlobo. Inyoni ikhuluphala ngokukhula. Ngenyanga yesithathu yokuphila, i-mularda kufika cishe ku-4 kg. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, udrake wayengekho kude nedada ngesisindo. Umehluko omkhulu wesisindo somzimba phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane ngu-500 Gy.

Ukuzalanisa uhlobo ekhaya

Ukutshalwa kwenqwaba yamadada e-mulard sekuthole ukuthandwa kakhulu emazweni aseYurophu. Inyoni enjalo ifuywa ukuze ithole ubumnandi obuhle be-foie gras - isibindi sedada. Uhlanganyela ekuzaleni izinhlobo nasekhaya ngokuwela I-Peking drake nedada laseMuscovy. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izici ezithile kufanele zihambisane nempumelelo yomcimbi.

• Isikhathi sokuzalanisa - isikhathi esifaneleka kakhulu sokukhwelana kwama-mulards yisikhathi esisuka kuMeyi kuya kuJuni.
• Ubudala bamadada - izinyoni zokukhwelana kufanele zenzeke ezinyangeni ezingu-7-10 ubudala.
• Imibandela yokugcinwa - kuhle ukugcina i-drake namadada angu-5 endaweni eyodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu akufanele alindele ukuthi idada lizoqala ngokushesha ukubeka amaqanda, futhi i-drake izowavundisa ngokuqinisekile. Okokuqala, inyoni kufanele ijwayele indawo entsha.
• Kusukela emsebenzini we-drake - imvamisa owesilisa akaziboni izinsikazi ezimhlophe zohlobo lwaseBeijing. Ukuze idrake imelane nedada elimhlophe, lipendwe emhlane wonke ngopende omnyama.

Ifanele incubation amaqanda aqoqwe phakathi nesonto ngemva kokuvela kobukhazikhazi. Inzalo izalwa ngokuzenzela ku-incubator, noma ngaphansi kwedada elingumama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indlela yemvelo yokuchamisela amadada iphumelela kakhulu kuneyokwenziwa. Izikhukhukazi ezizinze kahle ziyekwa ukuba zizale iminyaka eminingana.

Isidleke sokufukamela amaqanda sitholakala kahle endaweni ethule. Ibhokisi lezinkuni lifanelekile ekudalweni kwalo. Phansi, ngaphandle kokwehluleka, udinga ukubeka utshani noma utshani. Isikhukhukazi esisodwa singafukamela amaqanda afinyelela kwayi-15 ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuze ekugcineni uqiniseke ukuthi amaqanda avundisiwe, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 i-clutch ihlolwe kusetshenziswa i-ovoscope ephathekayo. Uma amaqanda angenazo izitsha noma anemibungu efile atholakala, njengoba kuboniswa amasongo egazi, alahlwa.

Ngokuvamile idada ushiya isidleke sakhe izikhathi eziningana ngosuku, ngenxa yesidingo sokuvuselela nokuhlanganyela ekuhlanzekeni. Kutuswa ukunyakazisa okuphakelayo nesiphuzo endaweni eseduze nesidleke. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuthi isikhukhukazi sikanina sigeze, simanzise i-masonry ngezimpaphe ezimanzi. Uma inzalo izochanyuselwa ku-incubator, khona-ke nayo idinga ukuniselwa ngamanzi, okufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile kwenyoni. Ukubonakala kwamadada ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemva kwenyanga.

Ngokutshalwa kwemvelo kwama-mulards ngaphansi kwesikhukhukazi, cishe izinga lokuzalwa lika-100% liyafinyelelwa. Ngokulandelayo, kufika ku-40% wokulahlekelwa kwe-brood kwenzeka ku-incubator. Ngokudla okuvamile, amadada athola isisindo esingaphezu kwama-60 kg ngemva kwezinsuku ezi-3.

Izici zokondla amadada nezinyoni ezindala

Amadada akhulayo ohlobo lwe-mulard anzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma amadada ekhula ngaphandle kwesikhukhukazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka landela imithetho ethile.

1. Ukuhambisana nombuso wezinga lokushisa.
2. Ukukhanyisa okulungile.
3. Ukudla okuphelele nokunempilo.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, kubalulekile ukugcina izibani zikhanya ngaso sonke isikhathi esibayeni samadada. Cishe ngemva kwesonto, isikhathi se-backlight siyehla. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-10, ukukhanya kuvulwa amahora angu-15. Umbuso wokushisa ekamelweni kufanele uguquguquke phakathi kuka-20-22 ° C futhi cishe u-30 ° C eduze nomthombo wokushisa.

Njengokulala sebenzisa utshaniefafazwe nge-slaked lime elomile. Ngaphansi kwezimo akufanele i-sawdust isetshenziswe njengendawo yokulala, njengoba, lapho sebedlile, amadada abo angafa.

Izinkukhu ezichanyuselwe kuphela ezingakwazi ukuzondla ngokwazo ngakho-ke zifunzwa ngenkani. Kodwa okokuqala udinga ukuthola ukuthi ungawondla kanjani amadada ohlobo lwe-mulard? Emakhemisi ezilwane, kunezinhlobonhlobo zamakhithi okuphakela amatshwele: i-pre-starter, i-starter kanye nokudla okuyinhloko, okuhlanjululwe ngamavithamini namaminerali.

Ngaphambi kokuphakelwa kokuqala, abalimi bezinkukhu abanolwazi batusa ukunikeza idada ngalinye isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate nge-pipette. Ngemuva kwalokho, ingxube yamaqanda nephalishi iyalungiswa. Ingxube eqediwe ihlakazekile endaweni emnyama ngaphambi kwe-brood. Ungasakaza okunye ukudla kumadada ngokwawo ukuze afunde ukubamba ukudla okunyakazayo. Amaqanda abilisiwe engezwa kuphela eshumini leminyaka lokuqala.

Amatshwele amadada e-Mulard aqala ukuzondla ngokwawo kakade Amahora angu-48 ngemva kokuvela. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, imifino eqoshiwe yengezwa ekudleni, futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-10, amazambane abilisiwe agayiwe.

Izinsuku zokuqala ezingu-30 zokudla, imikhiqizo yobisi yengezwa kuphalishi. Emasontweni amabili ubudala, kuyinto efiselekayo ukwengeza i-duckweed ekudleni kwamadada. Utshani obunjalo bumila emachibini angamaxhaphozi, futhi umnikazi oyongayo angabubamba ngenetha eyedwa. Uma amadada ohlobo lwe-mulard ekhuliswa ngumnikazi ojabulayo wendawo eseduze nedamu, khona-ke inyoni ingakhululwa, ibhukude, futhi kwanele ukuyondla ngokusanhlamvu izikhathi ezi-3 ngosuku. Inyoni enenyanga eyodwa ubudala idluliselwa ekudleni oku-2 ngosuku.

Okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphakela izinyoni ukolweni, ummbila nokudla. Ungazinaki izithasiselo zamaminerali ngendlela yoshoki, amagobolondo amaqanda, i-limestone namagobolondo omfula. Kuwusizo kakhulu ukwengeza okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, isidlo samathambo nezinye izithasiselo zemvelo ekudleni kwama-mulards. Kodwa umbandela obaluleke kakhulu wokukhula okufanele wukuba khona kwenani elanele lamanzi. Kuyafaneleka ukuthi amanzi agcinwe ezitsheni ezijulile, njengoba le nyoni kufanele ihlanza amakhala futhi umlomo uvalwe ukudla.

Izici zokugcina nokuhlaba izinkukhu

Inqubo yokuzalanisa amadada e-mulard ifana kakhulu nokutshalwa kwezinye izinyoni ezifuywayo. Ngokuvamile inyoni igcinwa endlini, lapho amadada ezizwa ephephile futhi evikelekile emakhazeni ebusuku nasemvuleni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona ezithile i-aviary kanye nezinkambiso zegcekeilungele ukufuya izinkukhu:

• i-corral kufanele ibalwe ngokusekelwe kumitha yesikwele engu-1 kumadada angu-3;
• igceke lokuhamba amadada e-mulard likhethwa kucatshangelwa ukuthi 1 imitha yesikwele yendawo yamahhala iyadingeka kumuntu oyedwa.

Okuqukethwe kwamadada ohlobo lwe-mulard kukhulu kakhulu enenzuzo ngokombono wezomnotho. Inyoni ezinsukwini ezingama-60 ifinyelela cishe ku-4 kg wesisindo esiphilayo futhi cishe isilungele ukuhlatshwa. Akunconywa ukukhulisa amadada isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezi-3, njengoba inyoni iqala ukulahla futhi ilahlekelwe isisindo. Ngaphambi kokuhlaba inyoni, bayayeka ukuyondla amahora ambalwa. Ukuze ususe kalula izimpaphe edadani, iqala ukushiswa ngamanzi ashisayo, kodwa hhayi ngamanzi abilayo.

Amadada ohlobo lwe-mulardy ayinyoni yenyama, ebonakala ngokuba nempilo enhle kanye nokumelana nezifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lukhiqiza kakhulu, lunenyama eningi, enambitha kakhulu kunezinye izinyoni ezifuywayo. Futhi, uma kubhekwa ukuthi inyama ye-mulards ithambile, ingcono kunenyama yehansi, kuphela manje, ihansi likhula izinyanga ezingu-6. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenkathi eyodwa kuphela yasehlobo, ungakwazi ukuhlinzeka umndeni wakho ngenyama ubusika bonke.