Kholmogory zohlobo lwezinkomo: incazelo, ubisi kanye nenyama umkhiqizo, geography ukusatshalaliswa

Uhlobo lwezinkomo lwe-Kholmogory luwuhlobo oludala kakhulu lobisi lwasekhaya. Lapho ihoxiswa, kwagcizelelwa umthamo wobisi owamukelwe, kanye nokwanda kokuqukethwe kwawo kwamafutha.

Kukholakala ukuthi ukubonakala kohlobo lweKholmogory lwaqala ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa. Imithombo yezincwadi ikhuluma ngesifunda saseDvina, esisendaweni yesifunda sase-Arkhangelsk samanje. Lapho, enyakatho yesifunda saseRussia, ukufuywa kwezilwane kwakuthuthuka ngentshiseko engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu leshumi nesithupha.

I-Arkhangelsk yayingelinye lamachweba amakhulu ezentengiselwano aleli zwe, elalibambe iqhaza nasekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngayo kwakuhweba ngenyama, ubisi, kanye nezinkomo eziphilayo. Ibalulekile yaba nesandla ekuthuthukisweni kokufuywa kwezilwane esifundeni. Ithafa lezikhukhula loMfula iDvina eliseNyakatho lalinothile ngezimfunda zamanzi, futhi izinkomo zaziklaba kuwo. Ebusika, izinkomo zazithola utshani ngobuningi. Ngaleso sikhathi, umbala wezinkomo zendawo wawuhlukaniswe ngemibala emithathu:

• mnyama;
• okumhlophe;
• Okumnyama nokumhlophe.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili, izinkomo ezimnyama nezimhlophe zalethwa zivela eHolland. Kwakufanele iwelwe nohlobo lwe-Kholmogory, kodwa lokhu akuzange kube nomthelela omkhulu ezicini zezilwane. Phakathi neshumi nesishiyagalombili kuya ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye imfuyo evela eHolland yaphinde yangeniswa kulesi sifunda, phakathi kwazo kwakukhona izinkunzi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu.

Omunye umzamo wokushintsha izici zohlobo lwenziwa kakade ekhulwini lamashumi amabili. Kusukela ngo-1936 kuya ku-1937, kwamanye amapulazi, bazama ukuwela uhlobo lwezinkomo lwe-Kholmogory ne-Ostfriz. Inhloso yokuwela kwakuwukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kobisi nokuthuthukisa ingaphandle. Nokho, lo mzamo wehlulekile ngenxa yokuncipha kwamafutha obisi.

Eminyakeni yamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, ukulungisa izici ezihlukile, Izinkunzi zohlobo lweHolstein zazisetshenziswa, izwe lakubo seliyiHolland futhi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo ze-intrabreed zazaliswa ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zezwe:

• Central - engxenyeni emaphakathi yeRussia;
• INyakatho - yesifunda sase-Arkhangelsk;
• I-Pechorsky - yeRiphabhulikhi yaseKomi.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1985, kwakunabaphathi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2,2 ezweni. Ekuqaleni kuka-1999, inani lamakhanda e-Kholmogory lenyuka laya cishe ezigidini ezingu-2,4. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlobo lwe-Kholmogory lubalelwa ku-8,7% yenani eliphelele lezinkomo zobisi ezweni. Lezi zimpawu zobuningi zavumela ukuthi uhlobo luthathe indawo yesine phakathi kwezinye ngokwezinombolo zemfuyo.

Izinhlobo zezinkomo zeKholmogory zazisetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa i-Istobenskaya neTagilskaya.

Incazelo

Izilinganiso zangaphandle nezimaphakathi zezinkomo

Izinkomo zohlobo lwe-Kholmogory zathola umbala omnyama nomhlophe. Ngobuningi obuncane kakhulu, omnyama, omhlophe, kanye nombala obomvu ugcinwe. Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo e-Kholmogorskaya, umuntu angabona ukukhula okuphezulu kakhulu. Umthethosisekelo wabameleli bawo unamandla impela. Umzimba wezinkomo uvame ukunwetshwa, ungabizwa ngokuthi i-angular. Umugqa wangemuva wesilwane, kanye nomugqa wokhalo, zilingana. izinkomo ube nesifuba esijulile nesincane, abe namazolo amancane, akhule kabi.

Izinqe zezinkomo zona zibanzi impela. I-sacrum iphakeme kancane. Lezi zinkomo zinamathambo aqinile. Imilenze yezilwane ijwayele ukumiswa ngendlela efanele, nakuba kukhona okuhlukile.

Izinkomo zinesilinganiso sosayizi wamabele, angaba yinkomishi noma ayindilinga. Izingono zombele zikhula ngokulinganayo, izingono ziyi-cylindrical.

Izinkomo zinemisipha eminyene. Isikhumba sesilwane sincane futhi sinwebeka.

Kuyaziwa ngokuhlangenwe nakho ukuthi izinkomo ezinkulu ngokwanele, lapho uhlobo lwe-Kholmogory luhlala khona, luhlukaniswa ngokwakhiwa kobisi lwekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ngokusho kwedatha yezibalo, izilinganiso ezimaphakathi zezinkomo zohlobo lweKholmogory yilezi:

• ukuphakama ekubuneni - kufika ku-135 cm;
• ukujula kwesifuba - kufika ku-72 cm;
• ubude bomzimba oblique - kufika ku-162 cm;
• ukuphakama kwesifuba - kufika ku-198 cm;
• ububanzi besandla - kufika ku-20 cm.

Ukukhiqizwa kobisi nenyama

Izinkomo zohlobo lweKholmogory ziqhayise ngokukhiqiza ubisi oluningi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, okufika ku-3500 kg. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amafutha obisi aphakathi kuka-3,6 - 3,7%.

Isisindo esijwayelekile senkomo endala singama-480 kg. Abameleli abahle kakhulu bomhlambi bangaziqhayisa ngesisindo esingafika ku-550 kg.

Isisindo esijwayelekile senkunzi yohlobo lwe-Kholmogory singama-900 kg, kanti kwezinye izimo isisindo singadlula i-1200 kg.

Isivuno sokuhlatshwa, ngokwezibalo, singama-53%, futhi ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokukhuluphala, singafinyelela ku-65%.

Ukukhula kwentsha nakho kuzalwa kukhulu kakhulu. Isisindo sethokazi singafinyelela ku-35 kg, kanti inkunzi - kufika ku-39 kg.

Ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokwanelisayo. Ngakho-ke abantu abanezinyanga ezingu-18 ngokuvamile banesisindo esingama-350 kg.

Izinkomba ezinjalo zezimfanelo zenyama zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo zezinkomo ze-Kholmogory hhayi nje zobisi kuphela, kodwa futhi njengobisi nenyama. Ngokukhuluphaliswa kahle kwezinkunzi, isivuno somhlatshelo ngonyaka nesigamu sidlula ingxenye yesisindo esiphelele sesilwane.

izindawo zokuzalanisa

Njengoba zakhiwe enyakatho, uhlobo lwe-Kholmogory manje selusakazeke cishe kulo lonke izwe. Ukuzalaniswa kwezinkomo zaseKholmogory kuvezwa kabanzi endaweni yezifunda ezingama-24 namaRiphabhulikhi wezwe. Imihlambi engcono kakhulu itshalwe endaweni yaseMoscow, iRyazan, Kalinin, Kaluga, Arkhangelsk, Kirov, Vologda, Kamchatka izifunda, eRiphabhulikhi yaseKomi, Udmurtia, Yakutia, Tatarstan.

Izici ezinhle

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zohlobo lweKholmogory kukhona:

• ukukhiqizwa kobisi okuphezulu;
• ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kokuphila ezimweni ezinzima zezulu;
• ukujwayela okuhle;
• ukwanda kokukhuthazela;
• ukumelana okuphezulu kwezifo eziyingozi;
• ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamadlelo.

Okumbi

Phakathi kokushiyeka kohlobo lwezinkomo lwe-Kholmogory kungaphawulwa ukwehla okujwayelekile kobisi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwenyama ezifundeni eziseningizimu. Kweminye imithombo, isifuba esiwumngcingo kanye nokumiswa okunganele kwezitho zomzimba kubhekwa njengento embi, kodwa lawa maphuzu ayaphikisana.

Isimo samanje sabantu

Ukukhetha kusaqhubeka okwamanje. Izindawo zayo eziyinhloko yilezi:

• ukwanda kokukhiqiza ubisi;
• ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwamafutha obisi;
• ukuthuthukiswa komzimba.

Okwamanje, uhlobo lwezinkomo zeKholmogory ithatha indawo ebalulekile phakathi kwezinye ezivame kakhulu endaweni Russian. Inani lohlobo lisekukhiqizeni ubisi oluphezulu, ukwanda kwamafutha obisi, kanye nezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zenyama.