Ukudla okuluhlaza kwezingulube ze-Guinea

Ifolishi eluhlaza yiyona ngxenye esemqoka futhi ebaluleke kakhulu yokudla. Zishibhile, zicebile ngemisoco, zidliwa kahle futhi zigaywe izingulube ze-Guinea, futhi zinomthelela omuhle ekukhiqizeni kwazo. Wonke ama-legumes kanye notshani obusanhlamvu bungasetshenziswa njengefolishi eluhlaza: i-clover, i-alfalfa, i-vetch, i-lupine, i-sweet clover, i-sainfoin, uphizi, i-seradella, i-meadow rank, i-rye yasebusika, i-oats, ummbila, utshani baseSudan, i-ryegrass; amadlelo, asemaqeleni kanye notshani basehlathini. Okubaluleke kakhulu imifino kanye nengxube ye-legume-cereal enothe ngamaprotheni, amavithamini namaminerali. 

Utshani bungenye yefolishi eyinhloko futhi eshibhile. Ngenani elanele nelihlukahlukene lamakhambi emvelo nokuhlwanyela, ungenza ngobuncane bokugxila, ubanikeze kuphela ezinsikazi ezincelisayo nezilwane ezincane ezifika ezinyangeni ezi-2 ubudala. Ukuze ukudla okuluhlaza kube ekudleni kwezingulube ze-Guinea ngobuningi obanele kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile, kuyadingeka ukunakekela ukudala umthumeli oluhlaza. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-rye yasebusika ingasetshenziswa, kusukela ezitshalweni zasendle - i-nettle, i-cuff, umhlonyane, i-burdock, ama-sedges okuqala kanye namahlumela amasha we-willow, willow, aspen kanye ne-poplar. 

Engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo, isitshalo se-conveyor esiluhlaza esifaneleka kakhulu i-clover ebomvu. Kusukela ekukhuleni zasendle, ama-forbs amancane angaba ukudla okuhle ngalesi sikhathi. 

Isidingo sezingulube ze-Guinea zokudla okuluhlaza singambozwa ngempumelelo ngamakhambi asendle ahlukahlukene: i-nettle, i-burdock, i-plantain, i-yarrow, i-cow parsnip, i-bedstraw, utshani bokulala (ikakhulukazi izimpande zayo), i-sage, i-heather, i-tansy (i-rowan yasendle), i-dandelion, ukhula oluncane, ameva ekamela, kanye ne-colza, i-milkweed, i-garden and field thistle, umhlonyane nokunye okuningi. 

Amanye amakhambi asendle - umhlonyane, i-tarragon, noma i-tarragon tarragon nedandelion - kufanele ondliwe ngokuqapha. Lezi zitshalo zidliwa kahle yizilwane, kodwa zinethonya eliyingozi emzimbeni. I-Dandelion inikezwa kuze kufike ku-30% wenkambiso yansuku zonke yefolishi eluhlaza, futhi umhlonyane ne-tarragon, noma i-tarragon tarragon, ayinconywa ukuba idliwe. 

Imbabazane ehlabayo (Urtica dioica L.) Isitshalo se-herbaceous perennial esivela emndenini we-nettle (Urticaceae) esine-rhizome enwabuzelayo. Iziqu ziqondile, ziyi-ovate-oblong, zifika ku-15 cm ubude futhi zifike ku-8 cm ububanzi, zicwiliswe emaphethelweni, ezinama-petioles. 

Amaqabunga e-nettle anothe kakhulu ngamavithamini - aqukethe kufika ku-0,6% ascorbic acid (uvithamini C), kufika ku-50 mg% carotene (provitamin A), amavithamini K (afinyelela ku-400 amayunithi e-biological per 1 g) kanye neqembu B. Lokhu ukugxila kwe-vitamin yemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga e-nettle aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, i-chlorophyll (kufika ku-8%), isitashi (kufika ku-10%), amanye ama-carbohydrate (cishe 1%), usawoti wensimbi, i-potassium, ithusi, i-manganese, i-titanium, i-nickel, kanye nama-tannins nama-organic acid. 

I-Nettle inenani eliphezulu lokudla okunomsoco, iqukethe amaprotheni angu-20-24% (amaprotheni emifino), 18-25% fiber, 2,5-3,7% amafutha, 31-33% i-extractive engenayo i-nitrogen. Iqukethe i-vitamin K eningi, i-calcium, i-potassium, i-sodium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-iron namanye usawoti. 

Amaqabunga awo kanye namahlumela amasha asetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwe-beriberi, evame ukuvela ekupheleni kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Indlela yokufaka isicelo iyona elula kunazo zonke - i-powder evela emaqabunga omisiwe yengezwa ekudleni. 

Amaqabunga avunwa ngesikhathi sokuhluma nokuqhakaza kwezimbabazane (kuqhakaza kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ekwindla, izithelo zivuthwa kusuka ngoJulayi). Ngokuvamile amaqabunga athimula nge-mitten eduze kwesiqu ukusuka phansi ukuya phezulu, kodwa ungakwazi ukusika noma ukusika amahlumela, womise kancane, bese ubhula amaqabunga embhedeni ohlanzekile, futhi ulahle iziqu eziwugqinsi. Ngokuvamile, iziqongo zamahlumela amasha ziyasinwa futhi zomiswe, ziboshwe ngamaqoqo. Ukomiswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-nettle kufanele kwenziwe emakamelweni angena umoya, ku-attics, kumashede, kodwa njalo endaweni evikelekile elangeni eliqondile, njengoba lingabhubhisa amanye amavithamini. 

Amaqabunga ama-nettle amancane anomsoco ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. I-nettle entsha kufanele ibiliswe kuqala imizuzu engu-2-3 emanzini, bese icindezelwa kancane futhi, ngemva kokugaya, yengezwe engxube emanzi. 

Ufulawa wotshani olungiswe ngezimbabazane nawo unekhwalithi ephezulu yefolishi. Ngokuphathelene nokuqukethwe kwezinto ezidingekayo emzimbeni, idlula ufulawa ovela engxube ye-timothy ne-clover futhi ilingana nofulawa ovela ku-alfalfa. Izimbabazane zivunwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza (Juni-Julayi) - kamuva zilahlekelwa ezinye zezindawo ezizuzisayo. Izitshalo ziyagundwa noma zihluthulwe futhi amaqabunga avunyelwe ukuba abune kancane, emva kwalokho i-nettle ayibe "iluma". 

Ebusika, amaqabunga omisiwe omisiwe afakwa engxubeni yokusanhlamvu noma abiliswe imizuzu engu-5-6 aze athambe esitsheni esinesivalo esivaliwe. Ngemuva kokupheka, amanzi ahlanjululwa, futhi isisindo esiphumela sikhanywa kancane futhi sengezwe ekudleni. 

I-Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wigg. sl) – isitshalo esingapheli somndeni wakwa-Asteraceae, noma i-Asteraceae (i-Compositae, noma i-Asteraceae), enezimpande eziyinyama ezingena ekujuleni kwenhlabathi (kufika ku-60 cm). Amaqabunga aqoqwe ku-rosette ye-basal, kusukela phakathi nendawo lapho imicibisholo yembali engenalutho engama-15-50 cm ikhula entwasahlobo. Zigcina ziyi-inflorescence eyodwa - ubhasikidi ongu-3,5 cm ububanzi onemigqa emibili ensundu ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Amaqabunga ayahluka ngokuma nobukhulu. Ngokuvamile zimise okwegeja, zi-pinnate-spatula noma i-pinnate-lanceolate, ubude obungu-10-25 cm nobubanzi obungu-2-5 cm, ngokuvamile zine-midrib ebomvu. 

Iqhakaza kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni, izithelo zivuthwa ngoMeyi-Juni. Imvamisa, isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali eziningi asihlali isikhathi eside - amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaJuni. 

Ikhula ezindaweni ezehlukene: ezimfundeni, emaphethelweni, ezindaweni ezivulekile, izingadi, amasimu, izingadi zemifino, izindawo eziwugwadule, eduze kwemigwaqo, utshani, amapaki, eduze nezindlu. 

Amaqabunga e-Dandelion nezimpande kunomsoco. Amaqabunga acebile ku-carotenoids (i-provitamin A), i-ascorbic acid, amavithamini B1 B2, R. Asetshenziswa njengento ebabayo, evuselela isifiso sokudla futhi ithuthukise ukugaya. Izimpande ze-Dandelion ziqukethe i-inulin (kufika ku-40%), ushukela, i-malic acid nezinye izinto. 

Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo adliwa kalula yi-Guinea pigs. Ziwumthombo wamavithamini kanye nosawoti wamaminerali. Amaqabunga e-dandelion anikezwa izilwane kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile ngamanani angenamkhawulo. Into ebabayo equkethwe emaqabunga ikhuthaza ukujikeleza kwegazi, ithuthukisa ukugaya futhi ivuse isifiso sokudla. 

I-Plantain enkulu (Plantago major L.) yizitshalo ezikhula njalo ezikhula njengokhula yonke indawo. Amaqabunga e-Plantain acebile ku-potassium ne-citric acid, aqukethe i-aukubin glycoside, i-invertin ne-emulsin enzymes, i-tannins ebabayo, i-alkaloids, i-vitamin C, i-carotene. Imbewu iqukethe ama-carbohydrate, ama-mucous, i-oleic acid, i-15-10% yohlobo lwamafutha anamafutha. 

Phakathi kwamakhambi, kukhona**nobuthi obuningi**, obungabangela ukudla okunoshevu ngisho nokufa ezingulubeni. Lezi zitshalo zihlanganisa: i-kokorysh (i-parsley yezinja), i-hemlock, ingqophamlando enobuthi, i-celandine, i-foxglove ensomi noma ebomvu, i-wrestler, i-May lily yesigodi, i-hellebore emhlophe, i-larkspur (i-cornflowers enezimpondo), i-henbane, iso legwababa, i-nightshade, i-dope, i-anemone, thistle thistle enobuthi , amajikijolo empisi, ubumpumputhe ebusuku, i-marsh marigold, i-meadow backache, i-self-seed poppy, i-bracken fern, i-marsh wild rosemary. 

Okunhlobonhlobo **udoti wasengadini kanye nekhabe**, amaqabunga namahlumela kwezinye izihlahla nezihlahlana kungasetshenziswa njengefolishi eliluhlaza. Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokuphakela amaqabunga eklabishi, ulethisi, izambane nezaqathi eziqongweni. Iziqongo zamazambane kufanele zigundwe kuphela ngemuva kokuqhakaza futhi zihlale ziluhlaza. Iziqongo zamatamatisi, ama-beet, ama-swede namatheniphu anika izilwane ezingaphezu kuka-150-200 g ikhanda ngalinye ngosuku. Ukondla amaqabunga amaningi kubangela isifo sohudo, ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezincane. 

Isitshalo sefolishi esinomsoco futhi esiyongayo sithi **ummbila osemusha oluhlaza**, oqukethe ushukela omningi futhi odliwa kalula ama-guinea pig. Ummbila njengefolishi eliluhlaza usetshenziswa kusukela ekuqaleni kokuphuma ungene epayipini kuze kube yilapho uvalo luphonswa ngaphandle. Inikelwa ezilwaneni ezindala kufika ku-70% kanye nezilwane ezincane kufika ku-40% noma ngaphezulu evamile yansuku zonke yefolishi eluhlaza. Ummbila usebenza kahle kakhulu uma uhlanganiswe ne-alfalfa, clover, namanye amakhambi. 

Isipinashi (Spinacia oleracia L.). Amaqabunga ezitshalo ezincane ayadliwa. Ziqukethe amavithamini ahlukahlukene, acebile amaprotheni nosawoti wensimbi, i-phosphorus, i-calcium. Kukhona i-potassium eningi ku-100 g yesipinashi - 742 mg. Amaqabunga esipinashi asheshe abune emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ngakho-ke ukugcina isikhathi eside, isipinashi sifriziwe, sifakwe ethinini noma somisiwe. Iqhwa esanda kufakwa, ingagcinwa ekushiseni kwe--1 ° C izinyanga ezingu-2-3. 

Kale – ukudla okuhle kakhulu, kusukela ekupheleni kuka-August kuze kube sekuqaleni kobusika. Ngakho, iklabishi yefolishi inganikezwa izilwane kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile futhi phakathi nengxenye yokuqala yobusika. 

Iklabishi (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitate L.) – inikeza inqwaba yamaqabunga aphiwe esanda kudla ezilwaneni. Izinhlobo eziningi zeklabishi ziye zafuywa. Ahlanganiswe abe ngamaqembu amabili: ikhanda elimhlophe (i-forma alba) nekhanda elibomvu (i-forma rubra). Isikhumba samaqabunga eklabishi abomvu siqukethe i-anthocyanin pigment eningi. Ngenxa yalokhu, amakhanda ezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo anombala we-lilac noma onsomi wokuqina okuhlukahlukene. Abhekwa njengenani eliphakeme kuneklabishi elimhlophe, kodwa inani lawo lomsoco licishe lifane, nakuba kunovithamini C othe xaxa eklabishini elibomvu. Amakhanda akhe aminyene.

Iklabishi elimhlophe liqukethe emakhanda kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-15% wento eyomile, kuhlanganise noshukela ongu-3-7%, amaprotheni afika ku-2,3%, kufika ku-54 mg% ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Eklabishini elibomvu, u-8-12% wezinto ezomile, kuhlanganise noshukela ongu-4-6%, amaprotheni angu-1,5-2%, kufika ku-62 mg% ascorbic acid, kanye ne-carotene, amavithamini B1, no-B2, i-pantothenic acid, usawoti we-sodium. i-potassium, i-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-iron, iodine. 

Nakuba inani lokudla okunempilo kweklabishi lingephezulu kakhulu, liqukethe ama-amino acid kanye nezakhi zokulandelela ezidingekayo kakhulu emzimbeni, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, isethi enkulu yamavithamini (C, iqembu B, PP, K, U, njll.) . 

Amahlumela aseBrussels (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC) ikhule ngenxa yama-leaf buds (amakhanda) atholakala kubo bonke ubude besiqu. Ziqukethe u-13-21% wezinto ezomile, kufaka phakathi i-2,5-5,5% ushukela, amaprotheni afika ku-7%; iqukethe kuze kufike ku-290 mg% we-ascorbic acid (i-vitamin C), i-0,7-1,2 mg% ye-carotene (provitamin A), amavithamini B1, B2, B6, usawoti we-sodium, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, insimbi, iodine. Mayelana nokuqukethwe kwevithamini C, idlula zonke ezinye izinhlobo zeklabishi. 

Ukholifulawa (Brassica cauliflora Luzg.) igqame ngokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwamavithamini C, B1, B2, B6, PP kanye nosawoti wamaminerali. 

I-broccoli – asparagus iklabishi (Brassica cauliflora subsp. simplex Lizg.). Ikholifulawa inamakhanda amhlophe, kuyilapho i-broccoli inamakhanda aluhlaza. Isiko linomsoco kakhulu. Iqukethe 2,54% ushukela, mayelana 10% okuqinile, 83-108 mg% ascorbic acid, carotenes, kanye amavithamini B, PP, choline, methionine. I-Broccoli inothe nge-calcium ne-phosphorus kune-cauliflower. Amakhanda asikiwe kufanele agcinwe esiqandisini, njengoba ephenduka aphuzi ngokushesha. Ukuze kuvunwe ebusika, ziqandiswe ezikhwameni zepulasitiki. 

Ulethisi wamaqabunga (Lactuca saliva var. secalina Alef). Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko i-precocity, ithuthukisa i-rosette yamaqabunga amnandi alungele ukudliwa ezinsukwini ezingama-25-40 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Amaqabunga e-lettuce adliwa esanda kutholakala futhi eluhlaza. 

Amaqabunga e-lettuce aqukethe kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-11% wezinto ezomile, kuhlanganise noshukela ofika ku-4% kanye nama-protein aluhlaza afika ku-3%. Kodwa ulethisi awudumile ngemisoco yawo. Iqukethe inani elikhulu likasawoti wezinsimbi ezibalulekile emzimbeni: i-potassium (kufika ku-3200 mg%), i-calcium (kufika ku-108 mg%) nensimbi. Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo awumthombo cishe wawo wonke amavithamini aziwa ezitshalweni: B1, B2, C, P, PP, K, E, folic acid, carotene (provitamin A). Futhi nakuba okuqukethwe kwabo okuphelele kukuncane, kodwa ngenxa ye-vitamin complex complex, amaqabunga e-ulethisi athuthukisa ngenkuthalo ukugaya kanye ne-metabolism emzimbeni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho kunokulamba kwamavithamini amaningi. 

I-Parsley (Petroselinum hortense Hoffm.) inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwevithamini C (kufika ku-300 mg%) kanye ne-vitamin A (carotene kufika ku-11 mg%). Amafutha abalulekile aqukethwe kuwo anomphumela onenzuzo ezithweni zokugaya. 

Okuqukethwe kwamavithamini ku-100 g ye-parsley yezimpande (mg%): i-carotene - 0,03, i-vitamin B1 - 0,1, i-vitamin B2 - 0,086, i-vitamin PP - 2,0, i-vitamin B6 - 0,23, i-vitamin C - 41,0, XNUMX, XNUMX. 

Of ifolishi yezinkuni kungcono ukunikeza izingulube ze-Guinea amagatsha e-aspen, i-maple, umlotha, i-willow, i-linden, i-acacia, i-ash ash (amaqabunga namajikijolo), i-birch namagatsha ezihlahla ze-coniferous. 

Kungcono ukuvuna ifolishi yegatsha ebusika ngoJuni-Julayi, lapho amagatsha anomsoco kakhulu. Amagatsha angeqile kuno-1 cm esisekelweni ayanqunywa futhi elukwe abe imishanelo emincane exekethile ubude obuyimitha elingu-1, abese elengiswa ngababili ukuze ome ngaphansi kombhede. 

Ukuphakelwa isikhathi eside kwezingulube zeguinea ngefolishi eliluhlaza ngobuningi okwanele kuzinikeza amavithamini, amaminerali kanye namaprotheni aphelele, okunomthelela ekutshalweni kwezilwane ezinempilo, ezikhule kahle.