Ukuzala i-Guinea pig
Kunzima ukunquma kahle ukuthi insikazi izozala nini. Abantu abaningi ababonisi zimpawu zokukhathazeka ngalesi senzakalo, kuyilapho abanye belindele ukuzalwa kwamaphuphu ngokuthuthumela. Abanye balinda ngokuphelelwa yisineke amasonto ukuze insikazi ibelethe. Kubantu abanjalo, ukwazi usuku oluqondile lokukhwelana kwezilwane kubaluleke kakhulu. Unganikeza usuku lokukhulelwa ngokuqiniseka okuthile uma uke wabona umlingani wezingulube noma uma ingulube yambozwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa (usuku amazinyane azalwa ngalo luzobhekwa njengosuku lokuqala lokukhulelwa okulandelayo). Kodwa ngesinye isikhathi ungalinda izinsuku ezingama-66-72 ngemuva kokutholakala futhi uthole ukuthi ukukhulelwa cishe akuzange kwenzeke ngoba ukuzala akuzange kuqale. Uma ingulube izizwa kahle futhi idla ngendlela evamile, akufanele wethuke futhi ugijimele kudokotela wezilwane futhi ubike ukuthi ingulube isizozala, ngaleyo ndlela uyichukuluze ezenzweni eziyingozi njengokungeniswa kokwenziwa komsebenzi noma ukuhlinzwa. Kuma-gilt amaningi angakalungeli ukubeletha, lokhu kuzosho ukufa - ngokwawo kanye namawundlu.
Ukuvulwa komzila wokuzalwa kanye nokwandiswa kwendawo ye-pelvic (bheka isihloko esithi "Izimpawu Zokukhulelwa EGuinea Izingulube" kuwuphawu oluqinisekile lokuzalwa okuzayo. Uma umgudu wokuzalwa uvuliwe ngeminwe engu-1-2 (kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu weminwe), cishe ungalindela ukuzalwa kwezingulube phakathi namahora angu-48 alandelayo. Nokho, kukhona okuhlukile, ngakho-ke cabangela le nkomba njengenkomba ewusizo, hhayi "ubufakazi obuqinile".Ulwelwesi oluvala isitho sangasese phakathi I-estrus futhi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa iyanyamalala ngaphambi kokubeletha, kodwa leli qiniso ngeke lisize ukucacisa usuku oluqondile lokubeletha , kusukela isikhathi sokunyamalala kwe-membrane sihluka kakhulu.
Emahoreni ambalwa okugcina ngaphambi kokubeletha, insikazi iqala ukusebenza kancane, isifiso sakhe sokudla singancipha (kodwa singashabalali ngokuphelele). Kodwa-ke, ingulube kufanele ibe namehlo akhanyayo, ahlanzekile kanye nejazi elivamile, futhi uma umnika ukudla okuthandayo, uzoyidla ngokujabula. Ngifundile futhi ngezwa ukuthi ama-gilts athulula amahora awo e-rectum ngaphambi kokubeletha, ngakho-ke inqwaba kadoti ekhoneni kufanele ibonise ukuzalwa okuzayo. Nokho, lokhu kudinga ukuhlanzwa nokuxubha nsuku zonke, futhi uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, angikayitholi le ndlela yokubikezela ithembekile ngokuphelele.
Ngokuvamile, ukubeletha kwenzeka ngesikhathi esithule kakhulu. Kunemibono ehlukene mayelana nokuthi ukuzalwa kwezingulube kwenzeka nini ikakhulukazi - emini noma ebusuku. Ngokubheka okujulile ngithole ukuthi ama-gilts akhetha ekuseni kakhulu, kodwa kaningi ngiye ngabona ukuqala komsebenzi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa ekuseni noma ukuhlanza ikheji, futhi njengoba ama-gilts asevele ejwayele lo msebenzi wansuku zonke, awazange akhokhe lutho. nginake. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izingulube azithandi umsindo owedlulele nokukhathazeka kwabanye, ikakhulukazi uma abesifazane bengenalwazi futhi bengakazi ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wabo.
Kunzima ukunquma kahle ukuthi insikazi izozala nini. Abantu abaningi ababonisi zimpawu zokukhathazeka ngalesi senzakalo, kuyilapho abanye belindele ukuzalwa kwamaphuphu ngokuthuthumela. Abanye balinda ngokuphelelwa yisineke amasonto ukuze insikazi ibelethe. Kubantu abanjalo, ukwazi usuku oluqondile lokukhwelana kwezilwane kubaluleke kakhulu. Unganikeza usuku lokukhulelwa ngokuqiniseka okuthile uma uke wabona umlingani wezingulube noma uma ingulube yambozwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa (usuku amazinyane azalwa ngalo luzobhekwa njengosuku lokuqala lokukhulelwa okulandelayo). Kodwa ngesinye isikhathi ungalinda izinsuku ezingama-66-72 ngemuva kokutholakala futhi uthole ukuthi ukukhulelwa cishe akuzange kwenzeke ngoba ukuzala akuzange kuqale. Uma ingulube izizwa kahle futhi idla ngendlela evamile, akufanele wethuke futhi ugijimele kudokotela wezilwane futhi ubike ukuthi ingulube isizozala, ngaleyo ndlela uyichukuluze ezenzweni eziyingozi njengokungeniswa kokwenziwa komsebenzi noma ukuhlinzwa. Kuma-gilt amaningi angakalungeli ukubeletha, lokhu kuzosho ukufa - ngokwawo kanye namawundlu.
Ukuvulwa komzila wokuzalwa kanye nokwandiswa kwendawo ye-pelvic (bheka isihloko esithi "Izimpawu Zokukhulelwa EGuinea Izingulube" kuwuphawu oluqinisekile lokuzalwa okuzayo. Uma umgudu wokuzalwa uvuliwe ngeminwe engu-1-2 (kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu weminwe), cishe ungalindela ukuzalwa kwezingulube phakathi namahora angu-48 alandelayo. Nokho, kukhona okuhlukile, ngakho-ke cabangela le nkomba njengenkomba ewusizo, hhayi "ubufakazi obuqinile".Ulwelwesi oluvala isitho sangasese phakathi I-estrus futhi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa iyanyamalala ngaphambi kokubeletha, kodwa leli qiniso ngeke lisize ukucacisa usuku oluqondile lokubeletha , kusukela isikhathi sokunyamalala kwe-membrane sihluka kakhulu.
Emahoreni ambalwa okugcina ngaphambi kokubeletha, insikazi iqala ukusebenza kancane, isifiso sakhe sokudla singancipha (kodwa singashabalali ngokuphelele). Kodwa-ke, ingulube kufanele ibe namehlo akhanyayo, ahlanzekile kanye nejazi elivamile, futhi uma umnika ukudla okuthandayo, uzoyidla ngokujabula. Ngifundile futhi ngezwa ukuthi ama-gilts athulula amahora awo e-rectum ngaphambi kokubeletha, ngakho-ke inqwaba kadoti ekhoneni kufanele ibonise ukuzalwa okuzayo. Nokho, lokhu kudinga ukuhlanzwa nokuxubha nsuku zonke, futhi uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, angikayitholi le ndlela yokubikezela ithembekile ngokuphelele.
Ngokuvamile, ukubeletha kwenzeka ngesikhathi esithule kakhulu. Kunemibono ehlukene mayelana nokuthi ukuzalwa kwezingulube kwenzeka nini ikakhulukazi - emini noma ebusuku. Ngokubheka okujulile ngithole ukuthi ama-gilts akhetha ekuseni kakhulu, kodwa kaningi ngiye ngabona ukuqala komsebenzi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa ekuseni noma ukuhlanza ikheji, futhi njengoba ama-gilts asevele ejwayele lo msebenzi wansuku zonke, awazange akhokhe lutho. nginake. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izingulube azithandi umsindo owedlulele nokukhathazeka kwabanye, ikakhulukazi uma abesifazane bengenalwazi futhi bengakazi ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wabo.
Ukuzalwa okuvamile akunalo idrama negazi futhi ngokuvamile kuthatha ukulandelana kwemizuzu engama-30 noma ngaphansi kuye ngenani labantwana. Ezinsikazi eziningi ziyathula ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ezinye zenza imisindo embalwa edabukisayo ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwewundlu lokuqala. Ingulube yengulube izalwa ngemva kwezinhlungu zokubeletha eziningana. Ngokungafani nezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, izingulube zezinsikazi zizala amazinyane endaweni ethile yokuhlala, lapho inkonyane lihlehla lisuka ekhanda.
Ngesikhathi sokubeletha okuvamile, ama-mumps ahlala ekhungathekile. Lapho ifinyela futhi izama, iyagoba futhi ikhiphe izinyane emseleni wokuzala ngamazinyo. Insikazi isusa ngokushesha ulwelwesi lwengane ekhanda lengulube ngamazinyo, ngaleyo ndlela ilivumele ukuba lithathe umoya walo wokuqala. Ngemva kwalokho, insikazi iququda enkabeni, bese ikhotha itakane kusukela ekhanda kuye ozwaneni kuze kube yilapho ihlanzekile futhi yomile. Ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane, ingulube elandelayo iyazalwa. Uma inzalo inkulu, intsha ingase izalwe ngezikhathi ezimfushane kakhulu. Owesifazane ongakaze abelethe angase adideke kangangokuthi ngeke akwazi ukukhotha umntwana oyedwa noma ngaphezulu, ngenxa yalokho atholakale efile olwelwesini lwe-fetus oluphelele noma efile ngenxa yamakhaza uma unina. ehluleka ukoma futhi anakekele inani elikhulu kangaka lezingane. Kulayini onamazinyane engulube angu-5 noma ngaphezulu, kuvame kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi 1 noma 2 kuwo afile. Uma insikazi ingenaso isikhathi sokukhotha iwundlu, kuyadingeka ukugoqa usana olusanda kuzalwa ngethawula futhi, ngokumasaja ngobumnene, ulukhulule ngokucophelela kulwelwesi kanye namafinyila. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kuthathwe endaweni ezungeze amehlo, ngoba. ezingulubeni ezisanda kuzalwa zivulekile futhi kunengozi yokulimala ku-cornea. Iwundlu elomile kufanele libekwe kowesifazane. Uma owesifazane ngokwakhe engazange aguqe ngentambo ye-umbilical, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuyisika ngesikelo esiyinyumba ebangeni elincane ukusuka esiswini, kodwa hhayi eduze kakhulu.
I-placenta (eyodwa ngethole ngalinye) ephuma ngemva kokuzalwa idliwa eyensikazi iphelele noma ingxenye, okubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ine-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-oxytocin, ebangela ukugeleza kobisi futhi ifinyele isibeletho, esiza ukuyeka. ukopha. Ezinsikazi eziningi ziwakhotha futhi ziwahlanze kahle amazinyane azo kangangokuthi kungabikho nomkhondo wegazi nanoma yini esele ngemva kokuzalwa. Ezinye izingulube ngezinye izikhathi zenza ngokweqile, ukuze kulimaze izindlebe zamawundlu ngesikhathi sokukhotha, okuyinto, ngokwemvelo, eqeda umsebenzi wokubonisa wezingulube. Futhi ezinye izinsikazi zize zizame ukudla amaphuphu afile, ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi ungathola izidumbu ezilimele kakhulu zezingulube, isibonelo, nge-paw elunywe. Ukubona akujabulisi, kodwa kufakazela kuphela iqiniso lokuthi izingulube emvelweni azikwazi ukuzivikela futhi zizama ukucekela phansi yonke into engakwazi ukunikeza izilwane ezizidlayo indawo yazo ngephunga.
Ngezinye izikhathi inqubo yokuzalwa ingama amahora amaningana, bese iqhubeka ngokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi onjalo ophazamisekile uyingozi kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho ukuqapha ngokucophelela kwabesifazane kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kokubeletha, insikazi izoqala ukudla futhi, futhi amaphuphu azogcwala ngaphansi kwayo, alinde ngesineke ingxenye yawo yobisi. Njengoba insikazi inezingono ezimbili kuphela, ukubekezela kubalulekile kumaphuphu engulube. Owesifazane kufanele abukeke enempilo futhi ezizwa elambile, nakuba angase azizwe ekhathele. Iningi labesifazane lingomama abanakekelayo, abazinikela ekondleni nasekunakekeleni izingane zabo. Imvamisa, umuntu angabona isithombe esihle lapho umama elele ekhoneni lehhashi, ezungezwe amazinyane ezingulube alele noma ancela. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi izinto azihambi kahle njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla.
© Mette Lybek Jensen
© Ukuhumusha ngu-Elena Lyubimtseva
Ukuzalwa okuvamile akunalo idrama negazi futhi ngokuvamile kuthatha ukulandelana kwemizuzu engama-30 noma ngaphansi kuye ngenani labantwana. Ezinsikazi eziningi ziyathula ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ezinye zenza imisindo embalwa edabukisayo ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwewundlu lokuqala. Ingulube yengulube izalwa ngemva kwezinhlungu zokubeletha eziningana. Ngokungafani nezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, izingulube zezinsikazi zizala amazinyane endaweni ethile yokuhlala, lapho inkonyane lihlehla lisuka ekhanda.
Ngesikhathi sokubeletha okuvamile, ama-mumps ahlala ekhungathekile. Lapho ifinyela futhi izama, iyagoba futhi ikhiphe izinyane emseleni wokuzala ngamazinyo. Insikazi isusa ngokushesha ulwelwesi lwengane ekhanda lengulube ngamazinyo, ngaleyo ndlela ilivumele ukuba lithathe umoya walo wokuqala. Ngemva kwalokho, insikazi iququda enkabeni, bese ikhotha itakane kusukela ekhanda kuye ozwaneni kuze kube yilapho ihlanzekile futhi yomile. Ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane, ingulube elandelayo iyazalwa. Uma inzalo inkulu, intsha ingase izalwe ngezikhathi ezimfushane kakhulu. Owesifazane ongakaze abelethe angase adideke kangangokuthi ngeke akwazi ukukhotha umntwana oyedwa noma ngaphezulu, ngenxa yalokho atholakale efile olwelwesini lwe-fetus oluphelele noma efile ngenxa yamakhaza uma unina. ehluleka ukoma futhi anakekele inani elikhulu kangaka lezingane. Kulayini onamazinyane engulube angu-5 noma ngaphezulu, kuvame kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi 1 noma 2 kuwo afile. Uma insikazi ingenaso isikhathi sokukhotha iwundlu, kuyadingeka ukugoqa usana olusanda kuzalwa ngethawula futhi, ngokumasaja ngobumnene, ulukhulule ngokucophelela kulwelwesi kanye namafinyila. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kuthathwe endaweni ezungeze amehlo, ngoba. ezingulubeni ezisanda kuzalwa zivulekile futhi kunengozi yokulimala ku-cornea. Iwundlu elomile kufanele libekwe kowesifazane. Uma owesifazane ngokwakhe engazange aguqe ngentambo ye-umbilical, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuyisika ngesikelo esiyinyumba ebangeni elincane ukusuka esiswini, kodwa hhayi eduze kakhulu.
I-placenta (eyodwa ngethole ngalinye) ephuma ngemva kokuzalwa idliwa eyensikazi iphelele noma ingxenye, okubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ine-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-oxytocin, ebangela ukugeleza kobisi futhi ifinyele isibeletho, esiza ukuyeka. ukopha. Ezinsikazi eziningi ziwakhotha futhi ziwahlanze kahle amazinyane azo kangangokuthi kungabikho nomkhondo wegazi nanoma yini esele ngemva kokuzalwa. Ezinye izingulube ngezinye izikhathi zenza ngokweqile, ukuze kulimaze izindlebe zamawundlu ngesikhathi sokukhotha, okuyinto, ngokwemvelo, eqeda umsebenzi wokubonisa wezingulube. Futhi ezinye izinsikazi zize zizame ukudla amaphuphu afile, ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi ungathola izidumbu ezilimele kakhulu zezingulube, isibonelo, nge-paw elunywe. Ukubona akujabulisi, kodwa kufakazela kuphela iqiniso lokuthi izingulube emvelweni azikwazi ukuzivikela futhi zizama ukucekela phansi yonke into engakwazi ukunikeza izilwane ezizidlayo indawo yazo ngephunga.
Ngezinye izikhathi inqubo yokuzalwa ingama amahora amaningana, bese iqhubeka ngokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi onjalo ophazamisekile uyingozi kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho ukuqapha ngokucophelela kwabesifazane kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kokubeletha, insikazi izoqala ukudla futhi, futhi amaphuphu azogcwala ngaphansi kwayo, alinde ngesineke ingxenye yawo yobisi. Njengoba insikazi inezingono ezimbili kuphela, ukubekezela kubalulekile kumaphuphu engulube. Owesifazane kufanele abukeke enempilo futhi ezizwa elambile, nakuba angase azizwe ekhathele. Iningi labesifazane lingomama abanakekelayo, abazinikela ekondleni nasekunakekeleni izingane zabo. Imvamisa, umuntu angabona isithombe esihle lapho umama elele ekhoneni lehhashi, ezungezwe amazinyane ezingulube alele noma ancela. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi izinto azihambi kahle njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla.
© Mette Lybek Jensen
© Ukuhumusha ngu-Elena Lyubimtseva
Kukhona Ongakuthanda
Indlela yokunakekela i-chinchilla?
Ukuqeqeshwa kwengulube yaseGuinea
