I-European marsh turtle: isithombe, incazelo, indawo yokuhlala

Ama-Bog turtles ahlala endaweni epholile. Zitholakala yonke indawo eNingizimu neYurophu Ephakathi, kanye nasengxenyeni Emaphakathi yeRussia. Indawo yokuhlala idlulela e-Asia, eNyakatho Afrika naseNyakatho Melika. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zithanda imifula nezinye izizinda zamanzi. Angaphinde atholakale emahlathini anezikhukhula ezinomhlabathi omanzi.

Izindawo zokuhlala e-Bog turtle

Ama-Bog turtles ahlala endaweni epholile, njengoba engavumelani nobusika obunzima kanye nehlobo elishisayo. Izilwane zingatholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene ze-northern hemisphere:

1. Ephakathi naseNingizimu Yurophu.
2. Eduze naseMpumalanga.
3. ENyakatho Afrika.
4. indawo epholile yaseNyakatho Melika.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-marsh turtles ahlala eRussia. Zingatholakala kuphela engxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwe:

• izifunda zaseCaucasus;
• esifundeni saseCaspian lowland;
• imithombo kanye nesitsha seDon;
• Isifunda saseVolga.

Imingcele yendawo lapho i-European marsh turtle ihlala khona, idlula eCaucasus eningizimu, esifundeni saseSmolensk entshonalanga, imithombo yeDon enyakatho kanye nosebe oluseningizimu yoMfula i-Ural empumalanga. Izimfudu zaseRussia zihlala emifuleni nasemaxhaphozini, lapho izimfundamakhwela ngokuvamile zizibamba khona.

Ungalubamba kuphi ufudu

Ngokungafani nofudu olunamadlebe abomvu, i-bog turtle ihlala kuphela enyakatho nenkabazwe. Abalimi abanolwazi bayazi izindawo ezithile lapho ungathola khona abameleli balolu hlobo - nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• i-delta ye-Dnieper;
• ogwini loMfula iPenzyanka eduze kwaseSaransk;
• amachibi eduze kwedolobhana Shadymo-Ryskino (Mordovia).

I-European marsh turtle ikhetha amanzi athule angemuva kwamachibi, ama-backwaters nezindawo ezisogwini zemifula. Ihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamanzi ahlanzekile, nokho, ikhethwa njalo ukuvula izingilazi zasogwini ukuze ifudumale emisebeni yelanga.

Kungcono ukuhlola izakhamuzi zendawo ukuze uthole izindawo ezithile zokuhlala, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuthola lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo.

Ukuthwebula ngokwakho kwenziwa kanje:

1. Bathatha umugqa wokudoba, batshale ucezu lwenhlanzi evamile (i-halibut, i-pollock, i-hake, njll.) noma ibhungane, esinye isinambuzane.
2. Isiqephu sicwiliswa ku-caramel flavour.
3. Ziyijikijela ekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha angu-1,5 eduze nosebe bese ilinda isilwane esihuquzelayo ukuthi sibambe ucezu.
4. Okulandelayo, ufudu ludonswa phezulu, lungena emanzini bese luthatha emaceleni - kwesokunxele nakwesokudla.
5. Donsa kahle ihhuku liphume emlonyeni.

Kungcono ukubamba ufudu lwe-marsh ekuseni - kusukela cishe ngo-5 ekuseni ukuya kwasemini (amahora angu-13-14). Akusizi ukwenza lokhu kusihlwa nasebusuku, ngoba izilwane ezihuquzelayo zilala, zilele phansi. Ngisho nasemini, akulula kangako ukubamba lesi silwane, kodwa izimfundamakhwela zingabamba abantu abambalwa ngosuku olulodwa. Izimfudu ezincane ezinesisindo esingama-1-500 g zivame ukuhlangana, nokho, kukhona nezimfudu ezindala ezinesisindo esingu-700-1 kg.

Buphi ubusika bofudu?

Ukuze ubambe lesi silwane esihuquzelayo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi i-marsh turtle ihlala kuphi futhi isikhathi esingakanani ebusika emvelweni. Abantu abaningi basebenza kuphela emazingeni okushisa avumayo. Lapho nje umoya uphola uze ufike ku-+6оС (Okthoba-Novemba), bahamba bayohlala ebusika, bembelwa ogwadule phansi komfula. Ngakho izimfudu zichitha sonke inkathi ebandayo, ngemva kwalokho ziphinde zivele phezulu.

Baphuma ebusika lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi liba okungenani + 5 ° C, futhi umoya ufudumala ufike ku-+ 7 ° C. E-Central Russia, izinga lokushisa elinjalo lansuku zonke livela kancane kancane maphakathi no-April noma ngisho nasekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngakho-ke, ungabona izilwane ezihuquzelayo zokuqala ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, lapho izinga lokushisa lihlala lingaphezu kuka-zero, ufudu lusebenza ngisho nasebusika.

I-Anatomy nokubukeka

Incazelo emfushane yokubukeka kwesilwane esihuquzelayo imi kanje:

1. Igobolondo ingaba nemibala ehlukene emnyama, emnyama kanye nemibala yomnqumo.
2. Kunamachashaza amaningi aphuzi emzimbeni kanye negobolondo lofudu lwama-marsh. Lesi isici esiyisici esihlale sikhonjiswe encazelweni.
3. Isikhumba se-Olive noma esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
4. Amehlo anombala osawolintshi, aphuzi noma ngezinye izikhathi amnyama.
5. Imilenze inezinzipho ezizwakalayo, ezifakwe ulwelwesi lokubhukuda.
6. Umsila mude impela (kufika ku-10-12 cm), oklanyelwe ukuhamba ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Uhlaka lwamathambo luqukethe ugebhezi, izitho, umgogodla (umlomo wesibeletho, isiqu nomsila). Ingxenye eyinhloko imbozwe igobolondo elicinene elikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo engaphezu kwesisindo esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-200 kunesilwane. Ubude babantu abadala abahlala endle bufika ku-35 cm.

Ubude bempilo nokukhiqiza

I-bog turtle inesisindo esingama-700-800 g. Laba ngabantu abasha abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala. Kule minyaka, zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezindala zifinyelela ku-1,5 kg wesisindo. Ubude besikhathi sokuphila buncike ezimweni:

• Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zaseYurophu nase-Afrika ziphila isilinganiso seminyaka engu-50-55;
• izilwane ezihlala endaweni yaseRussia kanye ne-Near Abroad - iminyaka engu-40-45.

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zivuthwa ngokocansi lapho zineminyaka engu-7-8, lapho ubude begobolondo okungenani buyi-10 cm. Izilwane zizalela entwasahlobo, cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuka ebusika (May-June). Amaduna agijimisa ezinsikazi emhlabeni, eshaya igobolondo ngemilomo. Bese bekhuphuka besuka phezulu - yile ndlela ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ngayo. Insikazi izalela amaqanda ayo esihlabathini esisogwini (imvamisa ifinyelela kumamitha angama-200 ukusuka ogwini).

Uzakhela isidleke yedwa, edwengula futhi enze umhlabathi ngezidladla ezinamandla. Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kuthatha isilinganiso samahora angu-3-4. Khona-ke i-female bog turtle ibeka amaqanda: kusukela ku-5 kuya ku-19. I-incubation ihlala kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezingu-2, ngakho-ke izingane zivela ngo-Agasti noma ngoSeptemba. Bahlephula igobolondo ngaphakathi bese bekhasa ngokushesha baphume emaqandeni, bezama ukungena emfuleni. Ngezinye izikhathi zimba esihlabathini futhi zihlale kanjalo kuze kube intwasahlobo. Isisindo ekuzalweni 4 g, ubude - mayelana 5 cm.

Ukwakheka kocansi akunqunywanga ngokofuzo, kodwa ngezimo zemvelo. Uma i-clutch ivuthwa ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi abesifazane bazozalwa, futhi uma izinga lokushisa eliphansi, abesilisa bazozalwa. Ngokuvamile, izidleke zomfudu zicekelwa phansi izilwane, izinyoni, kanye nabantu. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani labantu liye lehla, futhi i-bog turtle inikezwe isimo esithi "Near Threatened".

Izici zokudla kanye nendlela yokuphila

Ingxenye ebalulekile yesikhathi lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisichitha emanzini: zingahlala lapho izinsuku ezimbalwa zilandelana, ngezinye izikhathi zivele imizuzwana embalwa. Izimfudu zivame ukufika emhlabathini, kodwa ezimweni eziningi azikhasi ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-500. Bakhetha indawo ethule futhi balibale ngezinsuku ezinelanga. Izinga lokushisa lomzimba wesilwane alishintshi, ngakho-ke lihlala lincike ekushiseni okuzungezile.

Ama-Bog turtles ahamba phambili ekubhukudeni, ekuhambeni ngaphansi kwamanzi, ukutshuza, nokwenza noma yikuphi ukunyakaza. Badla kakhulu:

• ama-crustaceans;
• izinambuzane;
• igobolondo;
• tadpoles, amaxoxo;
• i-caviar;
• izinhlanzi ezincane.

Ikakhulukazi ikhetha ukuzingela abantu abaphilayo, kodwa ingadla nenyama efile. Ama-Bog turtles ayizilwane ezidla ezinye, kodwa abazingeli ababuthakathaka. Ngokuvamile bangakwazi ukubamba izinto ezihamba kancane, ngakho-ke abadli ngezinhlanzi. Kufika ku-15% wokudla ukudla kwezitshalo - i-duckweed, i-algae nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini.

Ungamisa kanjani ubulili besilwane esihuquzelayo

Kungenzeka ukunquma ubulili be-marsh turtle kuphela kubantu abadala okungenani abaneminyaka engu-7 ubudala (ubude be-carapace busuka ku-10 cm). Kunzima kakhulu ukumisa phansi kwesilwane esihuquzelayo esisodwa. Nokho, uma uqhathanisa izilwane eziningana, kulula kakhulu ukwenza lokhu. Izimpawu ezilandelayo zithathwa njengesisekelo:

1. Abesifazane bane-plastron eyisicaba (indawo engamathambo yesisu), kanti abesilisa bane-concave kancane ngaphakathi.
2. Abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa (ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi, isimo siphambene).
3. Abesilisa banezipho ezinde futhi ezinamandla kakhudlwana ezidlalweni zabo zangaphambili.
4. Umsila wamaduna mude, unamandla, kanti owezinsikazi mfishane futhi awunakho ukujiya okusobala.
5. Ingemuva le-plastron li-angular kwabesilisa futhi liyindilinga kwabesifazane.
6. Abesifazane banamehlo alula (aphuzi), kanti abesilisa banamehlo awolintshi nansundu.
7. Kwabesifazane, imihlathi ithuthuke kakhulu kunabesilisa.

Kunezinye izici ezihlukanisayo. Abesilisa baziphatha ngendlela enolaka kakhulu, ngokuvamile bahlela ukulwa nabaqhudelana nabo. Zigijimela ezinsikazi emhlabathini, zibhukude emva kwazo emanzini.

Igama lezinhlobo ze-"Marsh turtle" libonisa izici zendawo yokuhlala nendlela yokuphila yesilwane. Nakuba eqinisweni, lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zivame kakhulu emanzini ahlanzekile emifula, amachibi namachibi. Bakhetha amanzi angemuva athule anomswakama ophezulu kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okulingene.

Ividiyo: Ufudu lwaseYurophu lwasendle