Ngabe ngidinga ukwesaba imikhaza ebusika futhi yini i-babesiosis?

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi imikhaza ikhona izinyanga ezi-3 kuphela ngonyaka: kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-August. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi imikhaza iyingozi ngaso sonke isikhathi kuyilapho iwu-0 degrees ngaphandle nangaphezulu. Futhi lokhu kungaba ngisho ngoDisemba. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe okungenani njalo uma kunamazinga okushisa amahle ngaphandle. Ngokwesilinganiso esiphezulu - unyaka wonke.

I-Babesiosis (efana ne-piroplasmosis) yisifo segazi esisakazwa imikhaza ye-ixodid. Manje sekucace kakhudlwana. 

"I-parasite yegazi" - ingabe i-parasite yegazi? Cha. I-Babesia yizinto eziphilayo ezincane eziphindaphindeka ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi futhi ziwabhubhise, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-anemia. Ama-Erythrocyte amangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-erythrocyte ukuthutha komoya-mpilo. Umoya-mpilo uyadingeka ekuphefumuleni nasekukhiqizeni amandla yiwo wonke amaseli. Amaseli adinga amandla okuwasebenzisa ekwenzeni imisebenzi: ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni nama-enzyme, ukungathathi hlangothi kwezinto ezinobuthi, njalonjalo.

Amaseli akha izicubu (izinzwa, imisipha, isixhumi, ithambo), izicubu zakha izitho (isibindi, izinso, amathumbu, ubuchopho), izitho zakha umzimba (ikati, inja). Uma ama-erythrocyte ebhujiswa ama-babesias, awakwazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo, amangqamuzana akakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla futhi enze imisebenzi yawo, ukwehluleka kwezitho kuqala (isibonelo, izinso, isibindi, njalonjalo) nomzimba uyafa. Ukuba khona kwama-parasites emangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi nakho kubangela ukusabela komzimba, lapho umzimba ngokwawo uqala ukuwahlasela hhayi kuphela, okwandisa i-anemia kuphela.

Umkhaza uhlala phezu kwesilwane, bese ufaka izinto ezisetshenziswa ngomlomo esikhumbeni. Ngemuva kokuthi ivumele amathe angene emzimbeni womsingathi. Kungalesi sigaba lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka khona, njengoba i-babesia ihlala ezindlaleni zamathe zomkhaza. Khona-ke ama-parasite ahamba emzimbeni futhi abulale amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ngemva kwalokho, umkhaza omusha, ongena-babesi, uluma inja enesifo bese ugwinya amagciwane kanye negazi. Khona-ke i-babesia evela emathunjini omkhaza ingena ezindlaleni zayo zamathe, futhi isilungele ukuthelela futhi.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umzila oyinhloko wokudluliselwa kwe-babesia imikhaza. Nokho, kunohlobo lwe-Babesia oluyingozi ezinjeni futhi lungadluliselwa ngokuqondile lusuka enjeni luye enjeni - Babesia Gibsoni. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokulwa. Kukholakala futhi ukuthi lolu hlobo luwela i-placenta. Ngokunokwenzeka, le ndlela yokudlulisela yenza u-Babesia Gibsoni amelane nezidakamizwa.

Mina nawe sesiyazi kakade ukuthi ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, umzimba uyayeka ukuthola umoya-mpilo owanele. Ukuze ucabange ngezigaba zokuqala, zicabange usendaweni encane evalekile engazange ingene umoya isikhathi eside. 

• Kunomuzwa wokubindeka. Ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, izilwane zinezinzwa cishe ezifanayo, ezibonakaliswa ukukhathala, ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla, nokulahlekelwa isisindo.

• Ngenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ayabhujiswa, i-hemoglobin iyakhululwa - iphrotheni ethwala umoya-mpilo engqamuzaneni elibomvu legazi. Ngakho-ke, umchamo uphenduka ube nsundu, futhi i-sclera yamehlo ingase ibe phuzi.

• Njengoba i-babesia iyinto yangaphandle yomzimba, izinga lokushisa lomzimba likhuphuka ngaphezu kwama-39,5 degrees.

• Esikhathini esibucayi nesingavamile sesifo, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukuqonda okukhubazekile, amabala abomvu - imihuzuko emincane kuwo wonke umzimba, ukungqubuzana kungabonwa.

Ukuba khona komkhaza enjeni akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi inja inegciwane. Ukukhuluma nakho kuyiqiniso: uma inja igula, ngeke ihlale ikwazi ukuthola umkhaza.

Ngakho-ke, uma uthola ithikhi, landela imiyalo engezansi:

1. Siyaqiniseka ukuthi umkhaza wumkhaza. Ngokuvamile ukudideka ne-eschar, ingono noma i-papilloma. Umkhaza unamapheya ama-4 emilenze. Ingono ayifuni. Uma ungabaza, xhumana nodokotela wakho wezilwane okwamanje.

2. Sithatha i-twister noma i-tweezers. Okulandelayo, sizama ukubamba umkhaza eduze kwesikhumba ngangokunokwenzeka.

3. Sisusa umkhaza. Kunemibono emibili eyehlukene. Ngokusho kochwepheshe beRussian Federation kanye namazwe e-CIS, umkhaza kufanele ususwe ngokunyakaza okujikelezayo okubushelelezi futhi awukwazi ukudonswa. Ngokusho kochwepheshe baseNtshonalanga, okuphambene nalokho kuyiqiniso. Ngithambekele ekukholweni ukuthi zombili izinketho zamukelekile. Ungakhetha eyodwa ekhangayo kuwe. Into eyinhloko ukwenza konke ngokushelela ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ungashiyi ikhanda lomkhaza esilwaneni.

4. Senza isiqiniseko sokuthi wonke umkhaza uyasuswa. Sibheka ukuthi alikho yini ikhanda esiswini owalikhipha.

5. Siphatha isikhumba nesilonda ngemva kokulunywa. Isixazululo esinamanzi esingu-0,05% se-Chlorhexidine Bigluconate sizokwenza.

6. Sithatha umakhi siye emtholampilo, kuye ngezincomo zikadokotela wakho.

7. Sisa isilwane sakho ukuze siyohlolwa kanye neseluleko esengeziwe.

Uma isilwane sesivele sibonise izimpawu, asibheki umkhaza, kodwa ngokushesha siya emtholampilo. Lapho ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kuqaliswa, maningi amathuba okusiza inja.

Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe ekuhlolweni komzimba, impilo kanye nomlando wezokwelapha, nezindlela ezengeziwe. Ucwaningo lwegazi ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu kanye ne-PCR yizivivinyo ezihamba phambili. Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo kuyodingeka ukuze kuhlolwe ubulukhuni be-anemia kanye nezinga lokulimala kwesitho. Ngokuya ngesimo sesilwane kanye nezimpawu, udokotela angase asikisele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Ukwelashwa kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: ukubhujiswa kwe-babesia nokugcinwa komzimba.

Uma sikhuluma ngohlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-babesia, i-Babesia Canis, ngokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, imijovo engu-1-2 yokulungiselela okukhethekile yanele. Uma isilwane sesiqale ukuba nezimpawu ezinzima noma isimo sibangelwa olunye uhlobo lwe-babesia, kungase kudingeke ukwelashwa isikhathi eside nokubi kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kwe-immunosuppressive, ukumpontshelwa igazi, ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, ama-droppers, njalonjalo.

Imithetho ilula kakhulu. Into eyinhloko ukwelashwa okuvamile ngokumelene nemikhaza ye-ixodid. 

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi imikhaza ikhona izinyanga ezi-3 kuphela ngonyaka: kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-August. Iqiniso liwukuthi imikhaza iyingozi ngaso sonke isikhathi kuyilapho ingaphandle kwama-degree angu-0 noma ngaphezulu. Futhi lokhu kungaba ngisho ngoDisemba. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe okungenani njalo uma kunamazinga okushisa amahle ngaphandle. Ngokwesilinganiso esiphezulu - unyaka wonke. Senza ukwelashwa ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo, kuya ngokulungiswa okukhethiwe, kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-28 noma kanye njalo emavikini ayi-12.

Abaningi manje abawuqondi umqondo. Ngempela, uma kungekho mikhaza emakhazeni, kungani-ke ukucutshungulwa? Iqiniso wukuthi kukhona imikhaza ebusika, eminye kuphela. Bese kuba namazeze. Zonke lezi zinambuzane ezinesimo sokuzivikela ezifweni ezifuywayo azikwazi ukuholela ekufeni. Nokho, zinganciphisa izinga lokuphila kwakhe.

Ezinye izincomo:

1. Phakathi nohambo oluya ezweni noma ehlathini, ngaphezu kwamaphilisi noma amaconsi, ungasebenzisa ikhola
2. Amakholomu kufanele asulwe ngaphakathi njengoba engcola
3. Hlola isilwane sakho esifuywayo, abantu nezimpahla zokugqoka ngemva kokuhamba
4. Gada eduze isimo esijwayelekile senja.

• Akukubi yini ukuphatha isilwane sakho njalo?

Izidakamizwa zesimanje ziphephile. Yiqiniso, kungase kube nemiphumela emibi. Njengomthetho, zihlotshaniswa nokungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye, kodwa lokhu kuyivelakancane kakhulu.

• Selaphe inja, sabe sesithola umkhaza, ingabe umuthi awusebenzi?

Eminye imithi kungenzeka ingasebenzi - noma mhlawumbe ukucubungula kwenziwe ngendlela engalungile. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, uma imiyalelo yokulungiswa ilandelwa, ngisho nokuba khona komkhaza esilwaneni ngeke kubonise ukutheleleka. I-Babesia ayiphumi ngokushesha lapho umkhaza iluma, idinga isikhathi esithile. Njengomthetho, umkhaza ngalesi sikhathi usuvele uthintekile umuthi futhi uyafa. Isilwane esifuywayo eselashwayo sinamathuba amancane okuthola igciwane, kodwa kusadingeka uye emtholampilo ukuze uhlole isimo.

• Yini okufanele uyenze uma isilwane sasekhaya sikhotha amaconsi ekubuneni?

Konke kungumuntu ngamunye futhi kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Xhumana nodokotela wakho wezilwane.

• Yikuphi okungcono: amaphilisi noma amaconsi?

Uma sikhuluma ngamaphilisi namaconsi omkhiqizi oyedwa kanye nomugqa owodwa, khona-ke awukho umehluko oyisisekelo. Sebenzisa lokho okuthanda kakhulu. Okubaluleke kakhulu, funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo yomuthi futhi ulandele ngokuqinile izincomo zokusetshenziswa. Uma unanoma yimiphi imibuzo, sicela uxhumane nodokotela wakho wezilwane.

Umbhali wale ndatshana: UMac Boris Vladimirovich udokotela wezilwane kanye nomelaphi emtholampilo waseSputnik.