Iyini i-antifreeze futhi kungani iyingozi ezilwaneni ezifuywayo?

I-Antifreeze (noma ngamanye amazwi "i-anti-freeze") iwuketshezi olusetshenziswa abashayeli bezimoto ngenkathi ebandayo ukugeza amafasitela ezimoto ngenkathi ushayela. Iqukethe amanzi, izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene kanye ne-ethylene glycol noma i-propylene glycol. I-Propylene glycol ayinabo ubuthi, kodwa inezindleko eziphezulu, okunciphisa ukukhanga komkhiqizo kubathengi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-antifreeze eminingi iqukethe i-ethylene glycol, enobuthi ezilwaneni nakubantu.

Ingozi enkulu kakhulu ukungenwa yile nto. I-Ethylene glycol ayiguquguquki kakhulu, ngakho umhwamuko wayo ungabangela ubuthi kuphela uma uhogelwe isikhathi eside kakhulu. I-Ethylene glycol kubikwa ukuthi idala ubuthi emakatini lapho imuncwa esikhumbeni. Ngaphandle kwe-antifreeze, le nto ingatholakala kumafasitela, ama-polishes wezicathulo, imikhiqizo yepulasitiki, njalonjalo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukwazi ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izinto okufanele uzigcine kude nezilwane ezifuywayo.

Ezimweni eziningi, izimbangela zobuthi zihlotshaniswa nokunganaki noma ukungazi kwabantu. Ukusetshenziswa nokulahlwa ngendlela engafanele kungase kubangele ukuthi i-antifreeze ikhishwe endaweni ezungezile. Lokhu kwenzeka, isibonelo, lapho belahla iziqukathi ezinezinsalela eziwuketshezi noma bezichithela ku-asphalt. Ngemuva kwalokho, izilwane zingaphuza kalula i-antifreeze futhi zibe nobuthi.  

Kunesizathu sesibili sokukhanga kwe-antifreeze ezilwaneni. Ezinjeni ezilahlekile kanye namakati phakathi nenkathi ebandayo, lokhu kuvame ukuba ukuphela koketshezi olutholakalayo. Akukho okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokuqeda ukoma kwabo ngo-ayisikhilimu.

Ngeshwa, kukhona ngisho nezimo lapho abantu benikeza ngamabomu iziphuzo ezivimbela ukubanda ezifuyweni nasezinjeni zasemgwaqweni namakati ukuze bazilimaze.

Ngempela, i-ethylene glycol, eyingxenye ye-antifreeze, imnandi futhi imnandi ukunambitheka. Ezinjeni eziningi namakati, lokhu kunambitheka kuyathandeka kakhulu.

Njengoba besho, yonke into ingumuthi futhi yonke into iwushevu, umbuzo usesilinganisweni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ikati lidinga i-ethylene glycol encane kakhulu ukuze libe nobuthi. Ngokwesilinganiso, lokhu kungu-4-7 ml (amathisipuni angu-1,5) ikati ngalinye. Enjaneni encane, lokhu kuzoba ngu-7 ml kuya ku-20 ml (isipuni esingu-0,5-1). Ngokwesilinganiso - 45ml-90ml (1-2 izibuko), futhi enkulu - kusuka ku-130 ml (1/2 indebe) nangaphezulu, kuye ngesisindo somzimba wesilwane. Khumbula ukuthi i-antifreeze iqukethe i-ethylene glycol ekugxilweni okuhlukene kusuka ku-30% kuya ku-100%, futhi izibalo ezingenhla zivumelekile ku-100% ethylene glycol ehlanzekile.

Ingozi iwukuthi ngezinga elikhulu lezo zinto ezakhiwe ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwe-ethylene glycol emzimbeni (metabolites). Ngemva kwamahora angu-3, ​​igazi liqala ukuba ne-asidi, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni komsebenzi wama-enzyme amaningi. Futhi, ama-metabolites athinta izinso, abangele i-necrosis (ukufa).

Ngokuqondene ne-ethylene glycol, ibangela cishe ngokushesha imiphumela efanayo ne-ethyl alcohol (utshwala). Lokhu kubandakanya:

• ukudakwa,

• isicanucanu nokuhlanza,

• ukudideka nokunye.

Njengomthetho, lezi zimpawu zisobala kakhulu kubanikazi.

Izimpawu ezingabonakali futhi okunzima ukuzilandela yilezi:

• ukwanda kokoma nokuchama ezigabeni zokuqala zobuthi;

• ukunciphisa ukuchama ezigabeni zokugcina - amahora angu-12-72 ngemva kokungena kwe-antifreeze emzimbeni.

Ubuthi bungase buhambisane nokuncipha kwesifiso sokudla, ukuqhiphuka amathe, ukuphefumula ngokushesha, izilonda emlonyeni, ukuhlanza, nesifo sohudo. Ukopha emathunjini kanye ne-pulmonary edema kuvamile.

Impendulo ilula kakhulu - phuthuma uye emtholampilo. Uma ubona ukuthi isilwane sakho siyanyakaza, asikwazi ukuhamba siqonde, senza ukunyakaza okungajwayelekile, lokhu kusho ukuthi sesiqale ukungasebenzi kahle kwesimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi (ubuchopho nomgogodla). Yiqiniso, lokhu kungase kube ngenxa ye-antifreeze kuphela, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokulimala, ama-neoplasms nezinye izinkinga, kodwa ukuqala okungazelelwe ngokuvamile kudinga isinyathelo esisheshayo. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuqopha ividiyo uma kungenzeka. Leli thiphu lingasiza futhi kunoma yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ezingase zibe khona isilwane sakho. Amavidiyo nezithombe kuzovumela udokotela wezilwane ukuthi aqonde ngokushesha ukuthi yini ngempela eyenzekayo ngesilwane esifuywayo futhi aqale ukwelashwa okufanele kanye nokuxilongwa.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-antifreeze poisoning kunzima kakhulu. Ihlotshaniswa nezimpawu ezingaqondile. Indima enkulu idlalwa ukuqoqwa kwe-anamnesis - incazelo yomlando wempilo nokugula kwesilwane. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukutshela konke, ngisho noma unamahloni noma ulwazi lubonakala lungabalulekile. Khumbula, uhlala nesilwane ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi ezinye izimpawu zokugula zingase zibonakale zivamile kuwe - lokhu kuyimpahla evamile yengqondo. Ngakho-ke, asinamahloni futhi asilulazi ukubaluleka kolwazi.

Ukuhlola okwenziwa udokotela wezilwane kubandakanya:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo ukuze kutholakale ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitho, izinguquko emangqamuzaneni egazi, nokunye.

• Ukuhlolwa kwesibani sikaWood. Ezinye izinto eziku-antifreeze zingase zikhanye uma kusetshenziswa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Umchamo kuleli cala ungase ukhanye ophuzi.

Uma kusheshe kuqalwe ukwelashwa, maningi amathuba okuthi alulame. Uma isikhathi eside sidlula, ingozi yokufa iyanda. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa izinkomba ezimbili - umthelela ku-ethylene glycol, i-metabolism yayo kanye nokwelashwa okuyizimpawu.

Umphumela ku-ethylene glycol:

1. Yehlisa ukumuncwa emathunjini ngokuhlanza. I-Ethylene glycol ingamuncwa ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke ukuhlanza ngisho namahora angu-1-2 okuqala kungase kungasebenzi. Kuyingozi ukubangela ukuhlanza ezilwaneni ezinezimpawu zokulimala ohlelweni lwezinzwa.

2. Sheshisa ukuqedwa kwe-ethylene glycol emzimbeni. Lokhu kufezwa ngosizo lwama-droppers. Uketshezi olungena emithanjeni luvunyelwe ukwandisa umthamo woketshezi oluhlungwa yizinso, okuholela ekukhishweni okusebenzayo kwe-toxin.

3. Yehlisa i-metabolism ye-ethylene glycol. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, imikhiqizo yokuguqulwa kwe-ethylene glycol inobuthi kakhulu. Ukunciphisa izinga lokuguqulwa kwe-ethylene glycol kuma-metabolites kuzonciphisa imiphumela enobuthi. Lokhu kufezwa ngosizo lwemijovo yomuthi, ezokwenziwa udokotela wezilwane.

I-Antifreeze inobuthi obumangalisayo. Ubuthi buvela ngenxa yokuqwashisa okuncane kwabantu, ukungabi namanzi okuphuza ezilwaneni. I-antifreeze inokunambitheka okumnandi, okukhangayo. Ngisho nenani elincane le-antifreeze lingalimaza kakhulu isilwane. 

Ubuthi bubonakaliswa yizimpawu ezifana nokudakwa ekuqaleni, bese kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu ezinso nakwezinye izitho, okungaholela ekufeni.

Uma usola ukuthi unobuthi, kufanele uye ngokushesha emtholampilo futhi, uma kungenzeka, ifilimu isimo sesilwane kuvidiyo. Ukuze wenze ukuxilongwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela konke okukhumbulayo. Ukwelashwa kuphumelela kakhulu lapho kusheshe kuqalwe.

Umbhali wale ndatshana: UMac Boris Vladimirovich, udokotela wezilwane kanye nomelaphi emtholampilo waseSputnik.