I-Axolotl. Ungasigcina kanjani isilwane esinjalo?

I-Axolotl (Axolotl) isibungu se-neotenic sezinye izinhlobo ze-ambistoma. I-Neoteny – ikhono lezinto eziphilayo ukuze lifinyelele ekuvuthweni ngokobulili futhi liphinde lizalane esibungwini noma esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula. Ezinye izilwane ezihlala emanzini, izikelemu, ama-arthropods kanye nobulembu nama-fern zinaleli khono. Izizwe zasendulo zazidla ama-axolotl, namuhla ukubamba le amphibian akuvunyelwe - kubhalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu, futhi emvelweni kuseduze nokushabalala, futhi ama-axolotl amaningi agcinwa ekhaya. Ekhaya, ama-axolotl e-ambystoma yaseMexico (Ambystoma mexicanum) avame ukugcinwa, kancane kancane - i-tiger ambystoma (Ambystoma tigrinum). I-axolotl inokubukeka okuhle kakhulu: ikhanda elikhulu elinomqhele elinamapheya amathathu ezinhlayiya zangaphandle ze-terry, umlomo obanzi onamazinyo amancane, sengathi uhlala emomotheka, amehlo amancane ayindilinga. Umsila we-axolotl uyisicaba, ubanzi futhi umude, unomphiko oqala phakathi nomhlane. Umzimba umbozwe isikhumba esibushelelezi esinemifantu eqondile emaceleni.

I-axolotl iyakwazi ukuphefumula ngamagill namaphaphu. Esinye isici esithakazelisayo se-axolotl yikhono lokuvuselela izingxenye zomzimba ezilahlekile, njengama-gill nezitho, ngisho namathambo akhula ngokubuyiselwa okugcwele kwemisebenzi. Ubukhulu be-axolotl yabantu abadala ngokwesilinganiso buyi-20-25 cm, akuvamile ukukhula ngaphezu kwama-35 cm.

Ama-axolotl angaba nemibala ehlukene (i-morph): Esendle / Evamile – umbala “wasendle” ompunga-nsundu, I-Melanistic - emnyama ejulile, Ithusi - amachashaza amnyama kungemuva elibomvu, I-Mosaic - amachashaza egolide angalingani ahlakazekile emzimbeni omnyama, i-Leucistic - ezimhlophe ezinamagill akhanyayo , afana ne-albino, kodwa anamehlo anemibala, i-Dirty Leucistic - i-pigmentation engaphelele, amabala amnyama noma ansundu atholakala ngokungahleliwe emzimbeni omhlophe, i-Gold Albino - ama-axolotl egolide aphuzi aphuzi anamehlo aphuzi, kanye ne-White Albino - ama-albino amhlophe. ngamehlo akhanyayo kanye nomfundi obomvu.

Ungagcina kanjani i-axolotl?

Lapho ugcina ama-axolotl, kubalulekile ukucabangela ezinye izici ezibalulekile zokuqukethwe ezizothinta izinga lempilo nempilo yalesi sidalwa esimangalisayo.

Izinga lokushisa nokuhlanzeka kwamanzi

Amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu okugcina i-axolotl izinga lokushisa nokuhlanzeka kwamanzi. Emvelweni, bahlala ezindaweni ezibandayo, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi ligcinwa cishe ngama-degree angama-13-20 nangaphansi. Kuyadingeka futhi ukugcina izinga lokushisa eliphansi lamanzi ku-aquarium - ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa elingaphezu kwama-23-24 degrees kuyingozi ku-axolotl. Ukupholisa amanzi, ungasebenzisa womabili ama-chiller ezindaweni zasemanzini - iziqandisi ezikhethekile, kodwa ngokuvamile zibiza kakhulu, noma usebenzise amayunithi apholile angapholisa amanzi cishe ngama-degree angu-5, futhi ezinsukwini ezishisayo ukupholisa okwengeziwe ngamabhodlela eqhwa. Lapho ama-cooler evuliwe, amanzi ayahwamuka ngokushesha; kunalokho, udinga ukwengeza amanzi ahlanzekile apholile. Amanzi kufanele ahlanzeke, i-acidity yamanzi (pH) - 7-8, ukuqina (dH) - 6-16. Ungakwazi ukususa imfucuza phansi nge-siphon, futhi njalo - kanye ngesonto, yenza izinguquko zamanzi (20-30%) emanzini amasha, ahlelwe kahle okungenani usuku.

I-Aquarium, inhlabathi kanye nemishini ye-aquarium

Ku-axolotl eyodwa yabantu abadala, kuzothatha amalitha angama-40 amanzi, okungcono kakhulu. I-aquarium kufanele ibe yohlobo oluvundlile, okungenani ibe ngu-50 cm ubude kumuntu oyedwa, futhi ibe nendawo enkulu engezansi. Futhi, i-aquarium kufanele ifakwe isivalo. Kuyadingeka ukubeka isihlungi sangaphakathi noma sangaphandle nge-compressor ku-aquarium. Ukugeleza kwamanzi nomoya akufanele kuqine kakhulu, ungasebenzisa umbhobho womtshingo ukuze uphule ukugeleza noma umane uqondise indiza ephuma kusihlungi iye odongeni. Kuyadingeka ukuhlanza isihlungi ngesikhathi esifanele, njengoba ama-axolotl akhiqiza imfucuza eningi impela. Umhlabathi kufanele ube bushelelezi, ungabi nemiphetho ebukhali, ukuze i-axolotl ingalimazi isikhumba esibucayi, futhi ingxenye enkulu kunalokho, imilomo ye-amphibian, ukuze ingakwazi ukuyigwinya, njengenketho, igcine ngaphandle kwenhlabathi nhlobo. . Isibani akufanele sikhanye, i-axolotl izokhululeka kakhulu ekukhanyeni okuhlukanisiwe.

Izakhi zokuhlobisa, izindawo zokukhosela, izitshalo

Ama-Axolotl awaboni kahle futhi awakuthandi ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukuthi kufakwe izindawo zokukhosela ku-aquarium. Ukuhlobisa kanye nezindawo zokukhosela ku-aquarium kufanele futhi kungabi nezinto ezibukhali. Amatshe amakhulu, i-driftwood, izimbiza ezinkulu ze-ceramic, ukuhlobisa okungenalutho, ngisho namapayipi epulasitiki angasetshenziswa njengokuhlobisa nezindawo zokukhosela. Kubalulekile ukuthi ekuhlobiseni zonke izimbobo zikhulu kune-axolotl ngokwayo, futhi ayikwazi ukunamathela noma kuphi. Izitshalo zingatshalwa, kodwa ungakhethi izitshalo ezithambile ezinezimpande ezinhle, noma usethe futhi ubophe kusuka ngqo ezimbizeni, njengoba i-axolotl iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ingaboni kahle, futhi ingaqhuma ezitshalweni. I-axolotl ayinandaba ukuthi isitshalo siyaphila, ngakho-ke izitshalo zokwenziwa zingasetshenziswa, futhi, ngaphandle kwemiphetho ebukhali namakhona, kusuka ezintweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezingakhiphi izinto eziyingozi emanzini.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthatha i-axolotl ezandleni zakho?

Izinga lokushisa lezandla zomuntu lishisa kakhulu esikhumbeni esithambile se-axolotl enamanzi abandayo. Esimeni esiphuthumayo, izandla zidinga ukupholiswa, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa inetha elikhulu ukufakelwa kabusha.    

Ungakwazi yini ukugcina i-axolotl nezinye izilwane zase-aquarium?

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukugcina ama-axolotl ku-aquarium yezilwane, lapho kuzogcinwa khona ama-axolotl kuphela. Uzodla izinhlanzi ezincane nezimfanzi, ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Izakhamuzi ezinkulu zingavele zilimaze i-axolotl ngokwayo, ukuklwebheka, ukuluma, izinhlanzi ezisebenzayo zidonsa umphetho obucayi wamagill. Ngokuvamile izinga lokushisa elinjalo lamanzi eliphansi alifanele ezinye izakhamuzi zase-aquarium. Ama-axolotl, ngaphezu kwalokho, abonakala nge-cannibalism, umuntu omkhulu kungenzeka ukuthi adle encane. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi wonke ama-axolotl ahlala ndawonye abe cishe ngosayizi ofanayo.

Yini okufanele ukondle i-axolotl?

I-axolotl iyisilwane esizingelayo futhi idla ukudla kwezilwane. Isisekelo sokudla kwama-axolotls asekhaya singaba ukudla kwasolwandle okuqotshiwe (izimbaza, ama-squid, ama-octopus), ama-shrimp eluhlaza (hhayi abilisiwe), izibopho zezinhlanzi ezingenamathambo ezingenamathambo, amakhilikithi anemilenze esusiwe, izikelemu ezincane noma eziqotshiwe, izikelemu zegazi. Ngalokhu kokugcina, udinga ukuqaphela, njengoba ingozi yokuba nobuthi iphezulu. Uma ukudla kungenakuphila, kunganikezwa ngama-tweezers, okungcono ngephuzu lerabha elithambile, njengoba ama-axolotl angaboni kahle, asabela ekunyakazeni, futhi abambe inyamazane nge-jerk ebukhali. Kuyinto engathandeki ukunikeza ama-axolotl inyama yenkukhu, inyama yenkomo, kanye neminye imikhiqizo yenyama, ngoba ayigayeki. Yondla umuntu omdala i-axolotl izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto. Uma ngemuva kokuphakela kukhona izingcezu zokudla ezansi, ungazisusa ngenetha noma i-siphon, ukuze ugweme ukumosha amanzi.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-axolotl

Ukuzalanisa ama-axolotl ekhaya ngokuvamile kulula. Ukuthomba ezibungwini kwenzeka cishe unyaka owodwa. 

Ngaphambi kokuzalanisa, abesilisa nabesifazane kufanele bahlukaniswe amasonto ambalwa futhi izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe kufanele lehliswe ngamadigri amaningana. Abakhiqizi badinga ukondliwa kahle, emva kwalokho bafakwa ku-aquarium ehlukile. Ngemva kokuzala, izalela amaqanda. Ngemva kokuba amaqanda esezalelwe, ama-spawners adinga ukususwa ngoba angase adle amaqanda. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kahle amaqanda, izinguquko zamanzi nsuku zonke ziyadingeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amaqanda amhlophe kufanele asuswe ku-aquarium, ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala emanzini kanye nokulimala kwamanye amaqanda.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14-16, emva kwalokho izibungu ezincane zokuqala ziphuma emaqandeni. Uma ushiya iqanda, gazinga unama-gill kuphela, kodwa awekho izitho. Imilenze yangemuva ivela esikhathini esingangesonto, imilenze yangaphambili ezinyangeni ezi-3-4.

Isikhathi esingangesonto badla ngosizo lwe-yolk sac, kamuva bashintshela ekudleni - "uthuli oluphilayo", futhi kamuva ku-daphnia encane, i-cyclops. Kubalulekile ukuthi izingane ezincane ungazidli ngokweqile, kodwa futhi uzondle ngokwanele ukuze zikhule futhi zikhule kahle. Ama-axolotl akhulile kancane kancane aqala ukunikeza ukudla okufanayo nabantu abadala, asikwe ukuze akwazi ukukugwinya. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlale njalo ukuthosa njengoba bekhula, njengoba ubuzimuzimu buvamile.

Ngokuqukethwe okulungile, isilwane esinjalo esingajwayelekile, i-axolotl, sizokujabulisa ngempilo nokuziphatha okuthakazelisayo iminyaka engu-10-15.