Amaqiniso ayi-10 athakazelisayo ngezipontshi - izilwane ezingezona ezijwayelekile zeplanethi yethu

Lesi sidalwa esiphilayo asinabo ubuchopho, isimiso sokugaya ukudla, izicubu nezitho zomzimba, kodwa noma kunjalo isipontshi sasolwandle sihlukaniswa njengesilwane. Ikakhulukazi baziwa ngekhono labo lokuzivuselela. Ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, uma usefa isipontshi ngesisefo, sisazokwazi ukululama.

Zinesilinganiso sokuphila kweminyaka engama-20, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezingaphila iminyaka engu-1. Lesi sidalwa esingeyona inkimbinkimbi sisetshenziswa kabanzi ngezinjongo zomuntu. Ngaphambili, zazikhishwa olwandle ukuze zidayiswe njengezindwangu zokugeza, kodwa manje abantu sebefunde ukwenza uhlobo olufanayo lwendwangu yokwenziwa. Nokho, yindwangu yokugeza efana kakhulu nale nto ephilayo.

Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-8 zezipontshi zaziwa, futhi ezingu-000 kuphela ezisetshenziselwa izinhloso zasekhaya. Izipanji zihlala ezimweni ezihlukene futhi zinezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Lezi yizilwane ezihlukile, ngakho sikuqoqele amaqiniso angu-11 athakazelisa kakhulu ngezipontshi.

10 Isebenza njengesihlungi samanzi semvelo

Ezinye izinhlobo zezipontshi zisetshenziswa kakhulu abantu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, bezisetshenziswa njengesitsha sokuphuza esiphathwayo, sokwendlalela ngaphansi kwesigqoko sokuzivikela kanye nokuhlunga amanzi.. Zinezinto eziningi eziphilayo. Banezindawo zokulwa namagciwane, i-antibacterial, antifungal kanye ne-anticancer.

Izipontshi zasolwandle zimpompa izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-200 umthamo womzimba wazo nsuku zonke. Ukuhlanzeka kwechibi kuncike kubo. Bangakwazi ukulawula inani lamanzi abawavumelayo ngokuwanciphisa futhi banciphise izimbotshana zabo. Ama-flagella amancane angaphezu kwenkulungwane ahlala eshaya, ngaleyo ndlela ehlunga ukugeleza kwamanzi okuqhubekayo. Bangabizwa ngokuthi "izihlungi eziphakelayo" zolwandle.

9. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izilwane ezidla ezinye

Ngokuyisisekelo, izipontshi ziyizilwane zakudala, kodwa kukhona nezilwane ezizingelayo phakathi kwazo. Isipontshi esihlaselayo i-Asbestopluma hypogea esivela emndenini wakwaCladorhizidae satholwa ngo-1996.. Ihlala emanzini abandayo, izinga lokushisa elingadluli ama-13-15 degrees. Ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha angama-25, inamathisela umzimba wayo oyisiyingi ezindongeni zomhume futhi ilinde inyamazane.

Isipontshi sidla ama-arthropods amancane, esiwabamba ngemicu yaso efakwe izingwegwe. Ukudla kugaywa phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Khumbula ukuthi lesi sitho esiphilayo asinaso isimiso sokugaya esijwayelekile. Iseli ngalinye libamba iqhaza kule nqubo futhi lidla ngokuzimela inyamazane. Yile ndlela abachitha ngayo impilo yabo yonke. Awanyakazi, kodwa avele ahlale endaweni eqinile futhi alinde inyamazane.

8. Abanazo izitho zangaphakathi.

Izipanji azinazo izicubu noma izitho ezijwayelekile kwezinye izinto eziphilayo.. Kodwa basebenzisana nezwe langaphandle ngendlela eyodwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wabo. Ingqamuzana ngalinye lenza imisebenzi yalo nemisebenzi, kodwa linobudlelwano obungathuthukisiwe kahle. Ngokwesayensi, kuyamukelwa ukuthi izipontshi azinazo ngisho nezicubu.

Inqubo yokugwinya nokugaya ukudla kwenzeka ngendlela engavamile kakhulu. Izipontshi ezidla inyama zibamba inyamazane futhi ziyihlukanise zibe izingcezu ezincane, ngasinye sazo sabelwe ingqamuzana elithile elihilelekile ekudleni. Inqubo yokubamba ifana neye-amoeba.

7. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu

Ososayensi bathole izinhlobo ezintathu zokwakhiwa kwezipontshi: i-ascon, i-sicon, i-leucon. Inguqulo yokugcina yezipontshi ibhekwa njengeyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yesakhiwo nemisebenzi yayo. Izipanji zohlobo lwe-leuconoid ngokuvamile zihlala emakoloni.

6. Hlala endaweni eyodwa unomphela

Izipontshi zasolwandle zihlala phansi, ezinye phezu kwezindonga zemigede. Zizinamathisela endaweni eqinile futhi zihlale zinganyakazi.. Abakhethi ngemvelo. Zingahlala kalula emanzini abandayo nafudumele, kanye nasemigedeni emnyama lapho ukukhanya kungangeni khona.

Ezinye izinhlobo zisemanzini ahlanzekile, kodwa azisetshenziselwa izidingo zabantu. Izipontshi ezivela eMedithera, e-Aegean nasoLwandle Olubomvu zathola izinga eliphezulu kakhulu.

5. Amahlengethwa ahlanza amathumbu awo ngosizo lwawo

Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi benaka iqiniso lokuthi amanye amahlengethwa azingela ngezipontshi emakhaleni awo. Ababebukele babeqinisekile ukuthi bakwenzela ukuvikelwa. Ngempela, amahlengethwa ayengazilimaza lapho efuna ukudla.

Kodwa-ke baqala ukuqaphela ukuthi ukudla kwamahlengethwa azingela ngale ndlela, namahlengethwa angasebenzisi leli qhinga, kuhluke kakhulu. Abokuqala badla ukudla okuwusizo kakhulu kubo, bezingela eduze nogu futhi bengesabi ukulimala. Ngale ndlela, izipontshi zithinta isimiso sokugaya ukudla kwezilwane ezincelisayo.

4. Abantu babevame ukuyeka ukopha

Izipontshi zazisetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene. I-thinnest nethambile kunazo zonke isetshenziswe ekuhlinzeni ukumisa ukopha kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.. I-Euspongia yakhethwa ngale njongo. Lesi sipontshi sibizwa nangokuthi iToilet. Ngisho ezikhathini zasendulo, yayisetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene zenhlanzeko. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zilwane zazivame ukuzingelwa, namuhla inani lazo liye lancipha kakhulu.

Kodwa ezinye izipantshi eziningi zigcina izakhiwo zazo zokwelapha, ngenxa yezakhi eziwusizo zezinto eziphilayo. Izipontshi zasolwandle ziwumthombo ocebe kakhulu wezinhlanganisela ezisebenza ngemithi yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.

3. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengendwangu yokuwasha

Ezweni lanamuhla, izindwangu zokugeza isipontshi azisathandwa, kodwa zisakhiqizwa. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, zithengwa yilabo abangezwani nezinto zokwenziwa noma abanakekela isikhumba sabo ngezinto zemvelo kuphela.

Ngalezi zinhloso, thatha isipontshi semvelo saseMedithera noma saseCaribbean. Izipontshi ezithambile nezinezimbobo kakhulu zitholakala kulezi zilwandle. Izindwangu zokugeza ezinjalo zazibhekwa njengezithambile futhi ezithambile kakhulu, zingasetshenziswa ngisho nansuku zonke. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, uthele isipontshi ngamanzi afudumele. Izokhukhumala futhi ithole zonke izimfanelo ezidingekayo zokugeza.

2. Benza ikhambi lomdlavuza

Izakhiwo ezizuzisayo zezipontshi zasolwandle zaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ngakho ososayensi banquma ukuqhubeka nokudala ikhambi lesifo esingenakunqotshwa kubo. Ososayensi abavela eMelika naseJapane bakwazile ukuhlanganisa ama-molecule avela kwezinye izinhlobo zezipontshi futhi benze umuthi onamandla kunawo wonke kubo, ungasetshenziswa ukwehlisa ijubane nokuqeda izifo ezingathi sína, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza....

Emuva ngo-1980, izisebenzi zaselabhorethri zaqaphela i-molecule ethile engathinta izimila eziyingozi. Lokhu kwatholakala kusetshenziswa izifundo zaselabhorethri kumagundane.

Ngo-1990, ososayensi baseJapane bakwazi ukudala ikhambi lomdlavuza, wanikwa igama - Eisai. Yavunywa yizo zonke iziphathimandla eziphakeme futhi manje zelapha ngenkuthalo umdlavuza webele. Inqubo yokufunda nokusungula izidakamizwa ayizange ime, manje umsebenzi osebenzayo uyaqhubeka emithini emisha ezosiza ekwelapheni ngamakhemikhali nasekwelapheni uhlobo olungavamile lomdlavuza wemikhumbi ehlukahlukene.

1. Ingaphila iminyaka engamakhulu amabili

Ezinye izinhlobo zezipontshi zingaphila iminyaka engamakhulu amabili.. Abantu abanjalo abaneminyaka eyikhulu ngokuvamile bahlala ekujuleni kolwandle ekujuleni kolwandle. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezingafinyeza ukuphila kwabo amahlengethwa awadlayo. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo azidli kakhulu kuzo ukuze zigcwale amanzi, kodwa ngolunye uhlobo lokuvimbela.

Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwesidalwa esingaqondakali njengesipontshi kungachazwa ngobulula bomzimba wabo. Uma zingekho izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, akukho lutho olungaphuka. Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izipontshi eziyokwazi, futhi okungenzeka ukuthi zake zakwazi ukusinda ekuqothulweni okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.