Ukuphalaza igazi ezinjeni

Ukubonakaliswa okungenzeka

1. Ukopha okusha okusebenzayo - ukuhlanza igazi elibomvu - uma inja ihlanza igazi elibomvu, khona-ke lokhu kuyasebenza, ukopha okukhulu okuvela emgudwini ophezulu wamathumbu.

2. Ukopha okudala - ukuhlanza okumnyama enjeni - igazi eligaywe, okuqukethwe okunamahlule ukusuka kumnyama kuya kunsundu ngokukhanyayo ngombala kuyisici sokuyeka ukopha, noma ukopha okubonakala emathunjini.

3. Inja ephalaza igazi elinemishwe, eliphinki - ukuhlanza okuphakathi kwesisu esipinki kuwuphawu lokubuthakathaka noma ukuqala ukopha kwanoma iyiphi imvelaphi.

4. Inja ehlanza igwebu elinegazi - njengomthetho, lolu hlobo lokuhlanza lubonisa ukuba khona kokulimala emgudwini wokuphefumula ophansi, ukuhlanza ku-foamy, umbala obomvu okhanyayo.

Izimbangela zokuhlanza igazi ezinjeni

Okulandelayo, cabangela ukuthi kungani inja ihlanza igazi, futhi yiziphi izizathu ezingase zibe ngemva kwalokho.

I-coagulation disorder

Ukwephulwa okujwayelekile kokuvinjelwa kwegazi emzimbeni kubonakala kulokhu ngokuphuma kwegazi odongeni lomgudu wesisu. Izinguquko ezinjalo ziyisici se-systemic tumor formations, ubuthi obunobuthi, njll.

Inqubo yezilonda

Lokhu kubangelwa ukwephulwa kobuqotho bolwelwesi lwamafinyila lomzila ongenhla wesisu - i-esophagus, isisu, amathumbu amancane (kaningi - i-duodenum). Ngokuvamile lesi simo sibhekwa ngokushiswa kwamakhemikhali, izinqubo ezingapheli zokuvuvukala.

i-neoplasm

Ngesikhathi sokubola kwesimila, izicubu ezithambile ziqala ukopha ngentshiseko (kulokhu, lezi yizimila, ama-polyps wepheshana elingenhla lesisu), ngenxa yalokho isilwane esifuywayo sihlanza igazi.

Umzimba wangaphandle

Into eyimishini enemiphetho ecijile nama-spikes, edliwa isilwane, ngokungqubuzana ilimaza udonga lwesitho esingenalutho (umminzo, isisu, amathumbu amancane), ngaleyo ndlela ibangele ukopha kanye nokuhlanza kwegazi.

Imithi yesikhathi eside

Kunemithi, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside okunomthelela wesibili odongeni lwesisu. Ngokwesibonelo, steroid kanye non-steroidal eqeda ukuvuvukala, izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali isikhathi eside nakho kungabangela inja ukuba ihlanze igazi.

Ukulimala

Ukopha okulimazayo kungenzeka emphinjeni, emphinjeni, ekhaleni, noma emigudwini yomoya. Kulesi simo, isilwane sigwinya igazi eliningi, silikhafule ngemva kwalokho.

Ukuhlanza isikhathi eside (njengenkinga yesibili)

Kulokhu, kukhona i-catarrhal (ehambisana nokucasuka kolwelwesi lwamafinyila) ukuvuvukala kodonga lwesisu ngenxa yokuhlanza isikhathi eside nganoma yisiphi isizathu - ubuthi, ukungabekezelelani kokudla, i-pancreatitis, ukuhlasela kwe-parasitic, nabanye.

Izimpawu ezihambisanayo

1. I-Lethargy, ukunganaki, ukungabi nesifiso sokudla kungumphumela wokukhathala ngenxa yesifo nobuhlungu.

2. I-pallor yolwelwesi lwamafinyila kuwumphumela wokulahlekelwa igazi, ukwehla komfutho wegazi.

3. Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kuwumphumela wokulahlekelwa uketshezi njalo kanye nokuntula uketshezi olusha.

4. Uhudo noma indle emnyama - Igazi eligaywe emathunjini linikeza indle umbala wayo oyisici. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuwukubonakaliswa ukopha kwesisu noma kubonisa ukwephulwa kwamathumbu angenhla.

5. Uhudo noma indle ebomvu ibonisa ukopha okusha emathunjini aphansi, igazi ngesikhathi sokuphuma alikabi naso isikhathi sokujiya nokushintsha umbala.

Diagnostics

1. Ukuxilongwa okuvamile kwenja ehlanza igazi kuhlanganisa:

   • Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile komtholampilo kwegazi - ukulawulwa kwezinga legazi elibomvu, ukulawula ukulahlekelwa kwegazi.

   • I-Ultrasound ye-gastrointestinal tract kanye ne-A-fast - ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound yezitho zesisu ukuze uthole ukulahlekelwa kwegazi okwengeziwe.

   • I-Coagulogram - ukulawulwa kwemvelo yokopha, ukutholwa kokuphulwa.

   • Ukuhlolwa kwe-Endoscopic kwesisu, amathumbu amancane noma amakhulu, kuye ngokuthi i-anamnesis (umlando wezokwelapha ohlanganiswe emazwini omnikazi) kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa.

2. Uma kutholakala izimpawu zokuba khona kwemfundo, kuyadingeka ukwenza okwengeziwe:

   • Ukukhethwa kwezinto zesimila ze-endoscopic, ukuhlolwa kwe-fine-needle aspiration, i-laparotomy yokuxilonga. Izinto ezikhethiwe (kuye ngokuthi imvelo yazo) kufanele futhi zithunyelwe ukuze zihlolwe nge-cytological noma histological.

3. Lapho kukhona igwebu elinegazi, ukuxilongwa okusheshayo, okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka:

   • I-X-ray yesifuba kanye nomgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu - ikhala, uqhoqhoqho.

   • I-ultrasound yesifuba.

   • I-CT scan yesifuba (uma kunesidingo ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe).

Uludinga nini usizo lodokotela wezilwane ngokushesha?

Ngokwayo, ukubonakaliswa kwe-hematemesis kudinga ukungenelela okuphuthumayo kanye nosizo lodokotela wezilwane, ngakho-ke ngokushesha lapho uthola lesi sibonakaliso, kufanele uye kudokotela. Ukubiza uchwepheshe kanye nokuhlola isilwane ekhaya kuleli cala ngeke kube usizo oluncane ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuxilongwa okubalulekile.

Ngesikhathi sokuqokwa, umnikazi kufanele anikeze udokotela ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nezimo ezingabangela i-hematemesis enja - izifo ezingapheli, amaqiniso okudla izinto ezinobuthi, uhla lwamahhala ngaphandle kokuqondisa, amathambo ekudleni, ukulahlekelwa amathoyizi isilwane singadla, njll.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kuzobe kuhloswe ngayo ekudambiseni izimpawu ezibucayi kanye nokusimamisa isimo sesilwane:

• Ukwelashwa kwe-Antiemetic

  Ukwethulwa kwezidakamizwa ezihlukile endleleni yokwenza futhi zenze umsebenzi wokumisa ukuhlanza. Lezi zidakamizwa zisetshenziswa ngokuqapha futhi zikhethwa ngokusho kwesizathu sesifo - ukuvuvukala kwesisu, ubuthi, inqubo yesimila.

• Ukumpontshelwa igazi

  Kuye ngemingcele yegazi ekuhlaziyeni, udokotela unquma ukuthi le nqubo iyadingeka yini. Lokhu kuxhaphaza kuyadingeka uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa igazi eliningi, ngokwephula ukujiya kwegazi, inqubo yesimila, ukuhlukumezeka.

• Yeka ukopha

  Kulokhu, izidakamizwa eziyeka ukopha zisetshenziswa. Uhlobo lomuthi lukhethwa ngokucophelela futhi luphathwe, njengomthetho, nge-intravenously ukusheshisa umphumela emzimbeni wesilwane. Lokhu kwelashwa kuyadingeka ukuze kulungiswe ukulahleka kwegazi okwengeziwe.

• I-Antidote (ikhambi)

  Kuye ngomlando wezokwelapha wenja, ohlanganiswe emazwini omnikazi, kanye nokuba khona kobuthi, umuthi ukhethwa ovimba noma othatha indawo yezinto ezibhubhisa igazi ezibangela ukopha. Okusho ukuthi, i-antidote inqunyelwe ukuthi imise umphumela wobuthi emzimbeni wenja.

• i-dropper

  Ama-droppers ane-intravenous ane-saline solutions asetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi-usawoti emzimbeni - ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi. Lokhu kukhwabanisa kwenziwa emtholampilo wezilwane ngaphansi kokuqondisa kodokotela. Umsebenzi wawo ukugcwalisa uketshezi olulahlekile ngesikhathi sokuhlanza.

• Ama-Gastroprotectors kanye nezidakamizwa ze-antiulcer

  Lawa ma-ejenti avimba ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi esiswini. Abanye babo benza ifilimu yokuzivikela odongeni lwesisu. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zivumela ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ukuthi luphole ngaphambi kokuba luphinde luhlangane nemiphumela yamajusi okugaya ukudla nama-enzyme. Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa inqubo ye-ulcerative, i-gastritis, esikhathini sokuhlinzwa ngemuva kokususwa komzimba wangaphandle noma ukuhlinzwa.

• Izidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane zinqunywa kuphela uma kudingekile ukuqeda i-microflora yesibili yebhaktheriya - izinqubo ezibalulekile zokuvuvukala, ukuphazamiseka kwamagciwane.

• Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuzosetshenziswa uma kudingekile ukususa ukubunjwa kwesimila, ukulungiswa, ukubhobozwa kodonga lwesisu, ukususwa komzimba wangaphandle, njll.

Ukudla

Lesi sifo kuleli cala sithinta ipheshana lamathumbu, ngakho-ke isisekelo sokwelashwa siwukudla okukhethwe ngokucophelela. Ukudla kungasetshenziswa kokubili kwemvelo kanye nokuhweba (komile noma kumanzi). Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imbangela yokopha esiswini, ukudla kuzokhethwa ngokusekelwe kulezi zicelo ezilandelayo:

• okuqukethwe okuphansi, ukugaya okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yamaprotheni

• okuqukethwe kwamafutha amaphakathi (kufika ku-15%)

• kuyadingeka ukugwema isikhathi sokulamba ekuseni, futhi uhlehlise ukudla kokugcina kusihlwa kuze kube yidethi yakamuva okungenzeka

• Umbuzo wokudla indlala usalokhu uvulekile phakathi kwe-gastroenterologists. Abanye ochwepheshe batusa isikhathi sokukhushulwa ukwenqaba ukudla, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside - amahora angu-12-36. Izinzuzo zokuzila ukudla kanye nokungabikho kwemiphumela ye-pathological ayikafakazelwa, ngakho-ke odokotela bezilwane abaningi bayakushiya ukudla okunjalo. Isilwane esifuywayo asiyeki ukudla, ngisho nangesikhathi sokushuba. Into eyinhloko kulesi simo ukuthola imbangela yalesi sifo futhi uyeke ukuhlanza ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukudla ngendlala ukuze kumiswe ukopha kwesisu kungenzeka, kodwa kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wezilwane.

• ukuphakelwa kwe-fractional njalo - kuye ngesimo sesifo, kunconywa ukwethula ukudla njalo ezingxenyeni ezincane kuze kube yilapho isimo sizinza futhi ukuhlanza kuyeka. Inja kufanele yondliwe kanye njalo emahoreni angu-1-4, kuye ngobukhulu, ubudala besilwane kanye nomsuka wesifo.

Ukunakekelwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo

1. Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe lapho inja ihlanza igazi ukuyibeka endaweni ekhululekile yokuphefumula nokuhlanza - eceleni kwayo noma esiswini sayo iphakamise ikhanda. Ungabeka umcamelo omncane ngaphansi kwekhanda lakho.

2. Kufanelekile ukugcina ukushisa komzimba wesilwane ngokusonga ngengubo noma ingubo.

3. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, ikhanda kufanele ligcinwe endaweni eqondile ukuze izixuku zigeleze ngokukhululekile ngaphandle. Akufanele uphakamise ikhanda lakho phezulu noma ushiye isilwane singagadiwe ukuze ugweme ukuhogela ukuhlanza.

4. Unganiki isilwane ukuphuza amanzi, ukuze ungacasuli ukuhlanza okusha. Lokhu kuzokwenza isimo sibe sibi nakakhulu.

5. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufanele wenze izinqumo ezizimele ekwelapheni isilwane, kufanele usithuthe ngokushesha emtholampilo.

Imidlwane ephalaza igazi

Lapho isilwane sincane, zonke izinqubo emzimbeni waso, ezinhle nezimbi, ziyashesha. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane ibonisa izimpawu zokuhlanza, futhi ngegazi, kufanele uthinte ngokushesha umtholampilo wezilwane. Izimbangela zesigameko zingahluka - umzimba wangaphandle, ubuthi, ukuhlukana kokuzalwa (i-hernia, ukuhlukumezeka, nabanye).

Prevention

1. Ukuthola isilwane esifuywayo ngaphansi kokuqondisa komnikazi ukuze uhambe.

2. Kudingekile ukususa zonke izinto eziyingozi nezinto zasendlini endlini ekufinyeleleni kwesilwane esifuywayo - amakhemikhali, izixazululo zokwelapha ezingaphezulu, nokunye.

3. Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha konyaka - ukuhlolwa okuvamile kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone lesi sifo esilwaneni esifuywayo esigabeni sokuqala, lapho kuzoba lula kakhulu ukusimisa.

4. Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokugcina, ukucubungula kanye nokudla kwesilwane kuzovimbela izifo eziningi ezithinta umgudu wamathumbu.

5. Kuyadingeka ukuhlunga wonke amathoyizi esilwane esifuywayo futhi ukhiphe izinto ezihlafunwa kalula nezidliwayo ekufinyeleleni.

6. Izifo ezingamahlalakhona zidinga ukuqapha njalo nokuhlolwa okuholayo.

Inja yokuhlanza igazi - isifinyezo

1. Ukuhlanza igazi kuyisizathu sokuthi umnikazi axhumane nomtholampilo ngokushesha ukuze athole imbangela futhi anikeze ukwelashwa ngokushesha kwesilwane esifuywayo.

2. Inja ingase ikhafule izinhlobo zegazi ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kokubomvu (ukuphuma ukopha okusha) kuya kunsundu noma kumnyama (ukopha okudala, igazi eligaywe) ngisho namagwebu (ukopha emaphashini).

3. Kunezimbangela ezihlukahlukene ezibangela i-hematemesis: izifo ze-parasitic, ubuthi, ukungabekezelelani kokudla, izifo ezizimele, umdlavuza, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, nabanye.

4. Uhlelo lokuxilonga isilwane esine-hematemesis sihlanganisa: inani legazi eliphelele, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound, ukuhlolwa kwe-endoscopic ye-gastrointestinal tract, ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray nokunye.

5. Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela ukukhushulwa kwalesi sifo kuncike ngokuqondile imbangela yokuvela kwayo, futhi kunqunywe ngokusekelwe esimweni sesilwane. Lokhu kungaba ukuhlinzwa, ukudla, ukwelapha ngokwelashwa nokunye.

Izimpendulo zemibuzo evame ukubuzwa