Amaqanda ofudu (ukukhulelwa nokubeka): indlela yokuqonda ukuthi ufudu lukhulelwe, ukuthi amaqanda abekwe kanjani nokuthi yini enquma ubulili bombungu

Izimfudu zi-oviparous. Emvelweni, "inkathi yenkantolo" iwela entwasahlobo, futhi ekuthunjweni bayakwazi ukuzala unyaka wonke, kodwa abavamile ukuletha inzalo. Uma izimo zifanelekile, azikho izithiyo ekuzaleni nasekubekeni amaqanda. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, insikazi ayinandaba nesizukulwane esizayo: izimfudu ngazinye kuphela ezisindayo. Ekuthunjweni, le nqubo ingalandelelwa futhi umndeni wofudu olugcwele ungakhula.

Inqubo yokukhwelana nokukhulelwa

Emvelweni, izimfudu zivuthwa ngokocansi ngeminyaka eyi-8-10. Kodwa lesi sikhathi sincike ezinhlobonhlobo futhi ekuthunjweni kuncishiswa iminyaka engu-2-3: insikazi ingaletha inzalo ngaphambili. Owesilisa o-1 kanye nabesifazane abangu-2-3 babekwe endaweni ye-terrarium. Bakha izimo ezifanele ngokugcina izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, futhi balinde inqubo yokukhwelana. Ukufakwa kwe-artificial insemination of turtles kuyenziwa, kodwa akusebenzi futhi kuyabiza. Imvamisa ukuzalanisa okwenziwayo kwenzelwa izibonelo eziyivelakancane.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-turtle ikhulelwe, ungasebenzisa i-palpation phakathi kwemilenze negobolondo. Kule ndawo, ungazwa ubukhona bamaqanda. Uma ungabaza, “umama wakusasa” uhlolwa nge-x-ray.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezi-2, isikhathi esifanayo sichithwa ekukhuleni kwamaqanda ku-incubator. Uma owesifazane engakwazi ukuthola indawo ekahle yokubeletha, khona-ke ukukhulelwa kungase kubambezeleke.

Ufudu olukhulelwe ludinga ukuhlukaniswa nowesilisa, ngoba ngemva kokukhwelana uziphatha ngobudlova futhi uyakwazi ukulimaza intombi yakhe. Ungathola futhi ukuthi ufudu lukhulelwe ngokuziphatha kwalo:

• iziphatha ngokungaphumuli;
• udla kabi noma wenqaba ukudla;
• qopha insimu.

Qaphela: Uma izilwane zingajahile ukukhwelana, kuzomele udale ukuncintisana ngokutshala amaduna ambalwa endaweni eyodwa. Baqala ukulwa nenhliziyo "yenkosikazi enhle", futhi i-turtle ikhulelwa hhayi kwabanamandla kakhulu, kodwa kunoma iyiphi yamadoda abathandayo.

Indlela yokuhlela indawo yokubeka?

Emasontweni ama-2 ngaphambi kokuqala kokubeletha, ufudu luqala ukukhetha indawo efanelekile elungele ukuvuthwa kwamawundlu azayo. Izimfudu zibekela amaqanda azo uma ziqinisekile ukuthi ziphephile. Kamuva, udinga ukuwangcwaba, futhi ngenxa yalokhu udinga inhlabathi ejulile futhi evulekile.

Izimfudu zomhlaba azinankinga: zimba umgodi ngendlela eyindilinga bese ziqala inqubo yokubeka amaqanda. Kubahlali basemanzini, kuyinto efiselekayo ukubeka isitsha esinenhlabathi eningi (isihlabathi esine-vermiculite), esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2 ubukhulu bomuntu ngamunye, ukunikeza ukufinyelela okulula emanzini.

Ividiyo: yini okufanele uyenze ngemuva kokuthi ufudu olubomvu luzalele amaqanda

Inqubo yokubeletha

Emvelweni, i-turtle embryo ibekwa ehlobo futhi ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwegobolondo, ukuvundiswa kufanele kwenzeke. "Umama okhulelwe" ulungiselela indawo yokwakhiwa kwamatshe kusukela emaminithini angu-30 kuya emahoreni angu-3, ​​kuye ngobuningi benhlabathi. Ilokhu iphenduka, okwenza imbobo ibe yindilinga. Igawula “isidleke” esilungisiwe ngoketshezi olukhethekile olusuka kumabhamuza e-cloacal.

Ukuzalwa kofudu kuqala ngeqiniso lokuthi ilenga imilenze yangemuva phezu kokucindezeleka okulungiselelwe esihlabathini, futhi ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa yokungakwazi ukuhamba, isilwane esihuquzelayo sizalela amaqanda. Lapho i-testicle yokuqala ivela ku-cloaca, isilwane sicindezela futhi sigobe imilenze yangemuva ukuze ishone phansi ngokukhululekile. Khona-ke ufudu luphenduka kancane bese kuvela iqanda elilandelayo. Isikhawu phakathi kokuvela kwenzalo yesikhathi esizayo sisuka emaminithini ambalwa kuya kwesigamu sehora. Amaqanda ofudu asakazwa ngokulinganayo emaphethelweni omgodi.

Izimfudu zizala amahora ambalwa. Ngemva kokubeletha, lesi silwane esihuquzelayo silala isikhathi esithile, ngemva kwalokho singcwaba amatshe ngosizo lwemilenze yaso yangemuva. Khona-ke ilala phezu kwe-masonry, iguqa nge-plastron. Isakhiwo esinenzalo yesikhathi esizayo siphawula ngomchamo namaqabunga. Akuyona inkambiso ukunakekela amaqanda futhi ulinde ukungezwa emndenini wezimfudu.

Kunezithombe ku-inthanethi ezibonisa ukuthi izimfudu zesilisa ziwabekela kanjani amaqanda. Kodwa lokhu kuwukulingisa: abesilisa emzimbeni abanakho ukujwayela lapho iqanda lingavuthwa khona. Ukuvundisa kwenzeka ku-cloaca yowesifazane, hhayi ngokuphambene nalokho.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa: Izimfudu zasolwandle zizalela amaqanda azo ezindaweni eziphuma kuzo. Kwesinye isikhathi umzwelo wemvelo ubaqhubela amakhilomitha ayikhulu futhi ubenze babuye njalo ngonyaka. Uma insikazi inomuzwa wengozi, khona-ke ilinda emanzini, bese iya ogwini olufanayo. Ukuziphatha okunjalo okubikezelwayo kudlala ezandleni zabazingeli abaqoqa umkhiqizo oyivelakancane ukuze bawuthengise.

Usayizi nenani lamaqanda

Mangaki amaqanda angakwazi ibhere lesilwane esihuquzelayo? Ekhaya, ubeka amasende kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-6, ngokwemvelo inombolo yawo ingaba ngaphezulu. Inani lamaqanda ufudu olungawabekela luncike ezinhlotsheni zalo kanye nezimo zemvelo ezivumayo. Kunesibonelo lapho ufudu olulodwa lwakwazi ukubeka amaqanda angu-200, kodwa lokhu kuhlukile, hhayi umthetho.

Uma izimfudu zikhudlwana, izibonelo ezinkulu ku-clutch. Yiqiniso, azifinyeleli osayizi abakhulu: isisindo sabo sisuka ku-5 kuya ku-60 g. Izinhlobo eziningi zezimfudu zasolwandle zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili kuphela ngemva kweminyaka engama-30. Ngesikhawu seminyaka emi-2-5, bangcwaba amaqanda angama-60-130 esihlabathini. Izibonelo zamatshe ezinye izinhlobo:

• ufudu olunamadlebe abomvu lubeka ama-specimens angu-6-10 mayelana no-4 cm ububanzi;
• i-giant - amaqanda angu-4-14 ku-clutch;
• I-Asia Ephakathi - izingcezu ezingu-2-6;
• indlovu - amakhophi angama-22 anesisindo esingu-60 g;
• i-stellate - amaqanda angu-3-6;
• ixhaphozi - kufika ku-20 izingcezu;
• eluhlaza - kufika ku-100 imibungu egobolondweni.

Inani lama-clutches ngonyaka lincike ekuminyana kwabantu. Ngenani elincane labesifazane bakhulelwa izikhathi eziningana phakathi nenkathi. Uma kunabantu abaningi, khona-ke ufudu lungathatha ikhefu phakathi kwama-clutch iminyaka eminingana. Kukhona iphethini: izinhlobo zomhlaba zibekela amaqanda angaba ngu-10, kodwa izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka. Izakhamuzi zezilwane zasolwandle zithola inzalo enkulu - kusukela ku-30 ​​kuya ku-100, kodwa ukubeletha kwenzeka kancane. Kodwa lolu ulwazi olujwayelekile: konke kuncike ezinhlotsheni ezithile.

Iqanda lofudu liyindilinga, liqhathaniswa namabhola e-ping-pong. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezifanekiso ezide kancane, ezi-oblong. Igobolondo eliqinile lipendwe elimhlophe, lingase libe nama-cream shades. Amaqanda ezinye izimfudu abukeka engavamile: azungezwe igobolondo elithambile lesikhumba. Uma i-turtle ibeka iqanda ngaphandle kwegobolondo, khona-ke ukudla okuhambisanayo kwakungenayo izingxenye zamaminerali noma umhlali we-terrarium akazange athande.

Qaphela: Ufudu luyakwazi ukubekela amaqanda ngaphandle kweduna, luhlala lodwa. Kodwa azivundiswanga, azinalutho futhi imizamo yokukhulisa izimfudu izohluleka.

Ilinde inzalo

Ngemva kokuba "umama-ozoba" eshiye i-clutch yakhe, amaqanda akhishwa ngokucophelela futhi adluliselwe ku-incubator. Uma ufudu lwamanzi lubeka i-clutch yalo ngqo echibini, khona-ke kufanele lususwe ngokushesha. Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, umbungu uzominza ngaphandle komoyampilo.

Amahora angu-5-6, amaqanda awakwazi ukuphendulwa phansi futhi kungcono ukuwabeka ku-incubator endaweni efanayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uphawu lwenziwa ebusweni begobolondo ngepensela elithambile elibonisa indawo nosuku.

Uma ufudu lubeka iqanda ngaphandle kowesilisa, khona-ke akukho umbungu ngaphakathi, okuqukethwe kwe-masonry kumane kulahlwa kude. Lapho ukukhulelwa kwenzeke ngokujwayelekile futhi ngaphakathi "endlini encane" kukhona umbungu we-turtle, khona-ke ezinyangeni ezingu-2-3 kuzozalwa isizukulwane esisha. Izinsuku ezimbalwa, uma kunesidingo, zingalala ebhokisini ezimweni zekamelo ngaphandle kokulimala empilweni.

Qaphela: Izimfudu azinawo nhlobo umuzwa wokubeletha. Insikazi iyakwazi ukudla iqanda layo noma ilimaze iwundlu elincane, ngakho amaqanda asuswa kusenesikhathi, futhi izimfudu ezisanda kuzalwa zigcinwa ngokuhlukana nabantu abadala.

Amasende afakwa emathileyi akhethekile noma agudluzwe nge-peat kanye ne-sawdust, ngaphandle kokushintsha indawo yawo. I-incubator ingenziwa ngokuzimela. Lokhu ukusetha okuhlanganisa:

• kusuka ebhokisini lepulasitiki noma ingilazi;
• i-cuvette equkethe amaqanda abekwe nge-substrate;
• isitsha esinamanzi ukwandisa umswakama;
• heater ukugcina izinga lokushisa njalo.

Amaqanda ofudu afukanyelwa ezingeni lokushisa elingu-+29,5-+31,5C izinsuku ezingama-60-100. Ngalesi sikhathi, akuthandeki ukuthinta ngezandla zakho noma ukuziphendulela. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, umbungu uzokhula kancane futhi awukwazi ukuzalwa; emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ukukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene kwenzeka. Ubulili bofudu oluzayo buncike embusweni wokushisa.

Ngesikhathi se-incubation, ukuthuthukiswa kombungu kubhekwa ngokucophelela:

• ukubonakala kwesikhunta ebusweni bamaqanda, kufanele kususwe ngebhulashi elithambile;
• ukuphenduka okulungile, uma kunesidingo, bese uphenduka kuphela endaweni evundlile;
• amakhophi alahlekile, kufanele asuswe;
• ukubukeka kwezimpukane noma izibungu - hlambulula i-incubator bese ubeka inhlabathi entsha;
• ukujwayelekile kokushaywa umoya: kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2;
• i-condensate eqoqiwe: amaconsi amanzi kufanele asuswe.

Okubalulekile: Iqanda lofudu alikwazi ukusonteka ukuze lime mpo, ngoba liqukethe i-embryo kanye ne-yolk ngaphakathi engahlali phezu kwentambo. Lapho igingqika, i-yolk ingachoboza noma ilimaze umbungu.

Yini enquma ubulili bofudu?

Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, izinga lokushisa elithile liyagcinwa. Uma isezingeni lika + 27С, khona-ke abesilisa bazochanyuselwa, ngo + 31С - abesifazane kuphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubulili bofudu buncike ekushiseni. Uma kufudumala ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-incubator, futhi ama-degree ambalwa apholile ngakolunye, khona-ke inzalo izoba ngobulili obuhlukile.

Naphezu kwenani elikhulu lamaqanda abekwe, ambalwa kuphela aphilayo emvelweni. Le ndlela yokuzala ayilungile neze kubameleli bezilwane: ufudu olu-1 kwayi-100 oluzalwa lukhula lube umuntu omdala. Naphezu kokuphila kwazo isikhathi eside, inani lezimfudu liyaqhubeka nokuncipha. Futhi “umhlaseli” obaluleke kakhulu obhubhisa izilwane eziyingqayizivele nenzalo yazo yesikhathi esizayo ngumuntu.