Izinambuzane ezincane kakhulu eziyi-10 emhlabeni

Manje emhlabeni wethu kunezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezingaphezu kwesigidi. Abaningi babo baziwa kahle, kanti abanye basanda kufundwa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umuntu akaqapheli inzuzo noma ukulimala kwabaningi babo, uhlobo ngalunye ludlala indima enkulu ku-ecosystem yoMhlaba, ngisho nezincane kakhulu. Leli yiqiniso elifakazelwe!

Ithemu "izinambuzane" zaqala ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni wesayensi kuphela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-18, kwase kuqala izifundo zomhlaba wonke zalesi sigaba esingavamile sezidalwa eziphilayo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi ziyini izinambuzane ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ukuthi ziyini ngempela.

10 I-Mymaridae Haliday, 4 мм

Lolu hlobo luyingxenye yomndeni wama-waps angama-parasite. Ezinye izinhlobo zingakwazi ukuqeda izinambuzane zasemanzini, zizilandele ngaphansi kwamanzi, kodwa ikakhulukazi amabhungane nezimbungulu. Ezinjalo eYurophu, kwatholakala izinhlobo ezi-5.

Mymaridae Haliday kudingekile emvelweni ukulawula izenzo zezinambuzane. Ngokwesibonelo, olunye uhlobo lulawula i-weevil, ewuhlupho olukhulu ezihlahleni zikagamthilini eYurophu, eNew Zealand, ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Afrika naseningizimu yeYurophu.

Umndeni wakwaMymaridae uhlanganisa cishe izizukulwane eziyi-100 ezitholakala njengamanje kanye nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-1400. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa nezinambuzane ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ubukhulu bazo obungeqi ama-ciliate.

9. I-Gonatocerus, 2,6 мм

Ngowomndeni wakwaMymaridae ochazwe ngenhla. Kungokwezinambuzane ezingama-parasitic, noma ngokunembile, kuhlobo lwabagibeli be-chalcidoid.

Lolu hlobo alusatshalaliswanga kakhulu. Ososayensi banezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 e-Palearctic, ezingaba ngu-80 e-Australia kanye nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-100 ku-Neotropics.

Izinambuzane zifakwe izimpondo, ezibonisa ubulili: enamasegimenti ayi-12 (i-flagellum enamasegimenti ayi-8) kwabesifazane kanye ne-13-segmented (i-flagellum enamasegimenti ayi-11) kwabesilisa. Umuntu ngamunye uhlome imilenze nezimpiko ezi-4, lapho ezingemuva zincane kunezangaphambili. Kaningi I-Gonatocerus i-parasitize emaqanda ama-leafhoppers nama-humpbacks.

8. I-Micronecta scholtzi, 2mm

Lolu hlobo lwesiphazamisi samanzi olomndeni wabagwedli. I-arthropod ihlala eYurophu kuphela. Isinambuzane senza umsindo omkhulu kakhulu (ngesigaba saso nosayizi).

Izazi zezinto eziphilayo ezivela eFrance naseSwitzerland zazikala ivolumu yomsindo I-Micronecta scholtzi, ebonise imiphumela efika ku-99,2 dB. Lezi zibalo zingafaniswa nomthamo wesitimela esithwala impahla esidlulayo.

Owesilisa kuphela ongakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha umsindo onjalo ukuze ahehe insikazi. Lokhu ukwenza ngokugijimisa umthondo wakhe (ocishe ulingane noboya bomuntu) esiswini sakhe.

Iqiniso lokuthi isiphazamisi samanzi singakhiqiza imisindo enjalo lalingaziwa, njengoba cishe ngokuphelele (99%) ivolumu iyalahleka lapho i-medium ishintsha isuka emanzini iye emoyeni.

Zihlala kakhulu emachibini noma emachibini lapho kukhona amanzi amile. Ziyatholakala futhi emanzini ahambayo, kodwa kancane kakhulu.

7. Isikhunta seNanosella, 0,39 mm

Lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane zebhungane lungowomndeni wezinambuzane ezinamaphiko, uhlobo lwe-neotropical. Kuze kube ngu-2015, ososayensi babekukholelwa lokho Isikhunta seNanosella iyinambuzane yebhungane encane kunazo zonke, kodwa ngokushesha lokhu kwaziswa kwaphikiswa izazi zezinambuzane.

Ekuqaleni, ososayensi bahumusha umphumela wokulinganisa ngokungalungile. Njengamanje, isinambuzane sebhungane esincane kunazo zonke i-Scydosella musawasensis.

Ngokusho kwezazi zezinto eziphilayo, i-arthropod isakazwa kuphela emahlathini asempumalanga ye-United States. Ngokuvamile zingatholakala ezinhlamvu ze-polypore fungus.

6. Scydosella musawawasensis, 0,337 owesilisa

Yisinambuzane esincane kunazo zonke. Futhi iwukuphela kwebhungane le-monotropic genus Scydosella. Kusatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezimaphakathi neziseningizimu yeMelika (Nicaragua, Colombia).

Ukuma komzimba kubude kancane, kufana ne-oval. Izinambuzane zinemizimba ephuzi ngokunsundu. Scydosella musawasensis ibhekwa njengesinambuzane esincane kunazo zonke esiphila mahhala, njengoba esincane kunazo zonke i-parasite.

Lolu hlobo lwaqala ukuchazwa kuphela ngo-1999, lapho kutholakala izibonelo ezimbalwa eNicaragua. Indawo yokuhlala yezinambuzane ingaphakathi kwe-tubular layer ku-polypore fungi.

5. I-Tinkerbella nana, 0,25 mm

Lolu hlobo luyingxenye yomndeni wakwaMymaridae (ungafunda ngakho kancane kancane). Ubude bomzimba womuntu ngokuvamile buphakathi kuka-0,25 mm (kwabesilisa ngokuvamile buyi-210-230 mm, kanti kwabesifazane ngaphezulu - kusuka ku-225 kuya ku-250 mm).

Tinkerbella nana umzimba unsundu ngokukhanyayo. Kwabesifazane, i-flagellum ye-antennae iqukethe ama-segment angu-5, kanti kwabesilisa ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezingu-10, futhi iklabhu ihlukaniswe ingxenye eyodwa. Abantu ngabanye banamehlo ayinkimbinkimbi (anama-ommatidia angu-50).

Lolu hlobo lwachazwa ngo-2013 ngososayensi baseCanada naseMelika. Leli gama lanikezwa ngokuphathelene neziqhathaniso ezithakazelisayo. Uhlobo lufakwe ilebula nana, ngokuhlonipha inja kaPeter Pan (kanye negama lesiGreki "umnyama"). Futhi igama lohlobo lwanikezwa ngegama lenganekwane ye-Tinker Bell encwadini efanayo.

4. I-Megaphragma mymaripenne, 0,2 мм

Lesi sinambuzane singesohlobo lwabagibeli be-chalcidoid. Cishe awekho ama-chromosome ebuchosheni bakhe, futhi isikhathi sakhe sokuphila siyizinsuku ezi-5 kuphela. I-arthropod isakazwa kabanzi: iYurophu (iSpain, iPortugal, njalonjalo), ne-Australia, neziQhingi zaseHawaii, nezinye izindawo eziningi.

Usayizi I-Megaphragma mymaripenne encane kunesicathulo se-ciliate. Izinambuzane zinesimiso sezinzwa esinciphe kakhulu esihlanganisa ama-7400 neurons, amancane izikhathi eziningana kunezinhlobo ezinkulu. Lezi zinambuzane ezindizayo zaziwa ngesethi yazo encane yama-neurons.

Lolu hlobo lwachazwa kudala - ngo-1924, ngokusho kwedatha etholakala eziqhingini zaseHawaii.

3. I-Megaphragma caribea, 0,171 mm

Lesi sinambuzane siphinde singesohlobo lwabagibeli be-chalcidoid. Satshalaliswa eGuadeloupe (empumalanga yoLwandle lweCaribbean), ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lwaqanjwa ngokuthi i-caribea.

Ngokwesilinganiso, abantu banobukhulu endaweni engu-0,1 - 0,1778 mm - lokhu ngama-microns angu-170. Ingowomndeni wama-trichogrammatid iminyovu. I-Caribbean Megaphragma yachazwa okokuqala ezincwadini ngo-1993. Futhi kwaze kwaba ngu-1997, lesi sinambuzane sasibhekwa njengesincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu.

2. I-Dicopomorpha echmepterygis, 0,139 мм

Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengesincane kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinambuzane zeplanethi ezivela emndenini wama-chalcidoid ichneumon parasites. I-Dicopomorpha echmepterygis yatholwa eMelika Ephakathi (eCosta Rica) ngo-1997, isusa isihloko sesilokazana esincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni ohlotsheni lwe-Megaphragma caribea.

Abantu besilisa babhekwa njengabancane kunabo bonke emhlabeni, ngoba ubude bomzimba wabo abudluli u-0,139 mm ngobukhulu, okuthi, ngokusho kososayensi, bungaphansi kwe-ciliate yesicathulo.

Izimpondo cishe zilingana nobude bomzimba. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abesifazane balolu hlobo lwezinambuzane bakhulu ngama-40% kunabesilisa, futhi banamaphiko namehlo. Indawo yazo ngamaqanda abantu abadla utshani, lapho izinambuzane zivame ukuba yi-parasitize.

1. I-Alaptus magnanimus Annandale, 0,12 mm

Umyeni ka-Annandale ophanayo ungowomndeni wakwaMymaridae. Kungabhekwa ngokufanelekile njengenambuzane encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ngoba ubukhulu bomuntu omdala abudluli u-0,12 mm, obuncane kakhulu kunesicathulo se-ciliate esineseli elilodwa.

I-Alaptus magnanimus Annandale yatholwa kudala - emuva ngo-1909 eNdiya. Iso lomuntu ngeke likwazi ngisho nokubona lesi sidalwa esincane ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile yokukhulisa.