Amaqiniso ayi-10 aphezulu athakazelisayo we-dolphin

Amahlengethwa ayizilwane ezincelisayo, atholakala olwandle oluvulekile, emlonyeni wemifula. Bangababhukudi abafanelekile njengoba umzimba wabo ujwayele ukunyakaza emanzini. Umzimba wehlengethwa usuka ku-2 kuya ku-3,6 m, unesisindo esisuka ku-150 kuya ku-300 kg. Anamazinyo acijile, inombolo yawo irekhodi - 272, amise okwezipikili ezicijile. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ugcine inyamazane eshelelayo.

Nawa amanye amaqiniso ayi-10 athakazelisayo ngamahlengethwa kubafundi bebanga lesi-4 azokusiza ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalezi zilwane ezincelisayo. Kuze kube manje, ulwazi esilutholayo ngabo luyamangaza futhi luyamangalisa, ngoba. Amahlengethwa awanakuqhathaniswa nanoma yisiphi isilwane esihlala emhlabeni wethu.

10 Igama lingahunyushwa ngokuthi "ingane esanda kuzalwa"

Igama elithi “dolphin” livela kwelesiGreki elithi δελφίς, futhi livela kwelesi-Indo-European, okusho ukuthi “isibeletho», «isibeletho“. Ngakho-ke, abanye ochwepheshe bayihumusha ngokuthi «umntwana osanda kuzalwa“. Igama elinjalo lingavela ngenxa yokuthi ihlengethwa lifana nengane ethile noma ukukhala kwalo kufana nokukhala komntwana..

9. Ubuchopho behlengethwa bunesisindo esingaphezu komuntu futhi bunama-convolution amaningi

Isisindo sobuchopho behlengethwa singama-1700 g, kanti ubuchopho bomuntu ojwayelekile abukho ngaphezu kwe-1400 g.. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ayishayi nje ngobukhulu bayo, kodwa futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwayo. Kunamangqamuzana ezinzwa amaningi kanye nama-convolutions kuwo kunakubantu. Zihluke ngefomu kuphela. kuzo ifana nembulunga, kanti kweyethu ishaya kancane.

Indawo ehlangene ye-cerebral cortex iyafana neyabantu, okungase kukhombise ubuhlakani obuthuthukile. I-parietal lobe ilingana nobukhulu babantu. Kodwa ingxenye enkulu ebonakalayo yobuchopho.

Bayakwazi ukuzwelana nabanye, bangakwazi, uma kunesidingo, basize. Ngakho-ke, eNdiya baqashelwa ngokusemthethweni njengabantu ngabanye, ngakho-ke ama-dolphinariums aphula amalungelo abo avinjelwe ezweni.

8. Yiba nesistimu yesignali yomsindo

Amahlengethwa anolimi lwawo. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo nososayensi wezinzwa uJohn C. Lilly wabhala ngalokhu ngo-1961. Wathi lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zinezimpawu eziyisisekelo ezingu-60. Umcwaningi wayenethemba lokuthi eminyakeni eyi-10-20 isintu sizokwazi ukulusebenzisa kahle lolu limi futhi sixhumane nabo.

Banezinhlangano eziningi zemisindo njengomuntu, okungukuthi baqamba imisindo ibe ngamaqoqo, amagama, bese kuba imishwana, izigaba, njll. Banolimi lwabo lwezandla lapho bema ngendlela ehlukahlukene, banikeza izimpawu ngamakhanda, imisila, nokubhukuda. ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Ngaphezu kwalokho Kukhona nolimi olukhulunywayo. Iqukethe ama-pulses omsindo kanye ne-ultrasound, okungukuthi, ukuklewula, ukutshiyoza, ukuklabha, ukubhonga, njll. Banezinhlobo ezingama-32 zamakhwela zodwa.ngamunye usho okuthile.

Kuze kube manje, izimpawu zokuxhumana eziyi-180 sezitholakele. Manje sebezama ukuhlela ukuze bahlanganise isichazamazwi. Ososayensi bayaqiniseka ukuthi ihlengethwa likhipha izimpawu zomsindo okungenani eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-14, kodwa asizwe eziningi zazo, ngoba. zikhishwa kumafrikhwensi e-ultrasonic. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ngale ndlela, akukwazanga ukucacisa ngokuphelele ulimi lwabo.

Wonke umuntu unegama lakhe, aliqanjwa lapho ezalwa. Lena impempe eyisici, ethatha imizuzwana engu-0,9. Lapho ikhompuyutha isikwazi ukuthola lawa magama futhi eskrolwa kanye namahlengethwa amaningana athunjiwe, umuntu oyedwa wawaphendula.

7. "I-Gray's Paradox"

Uhlotshaniswa namahlengethwa. Ngawo-1930, uJames Gray wathola ukuthi amahlengethwa ahamba ngesivinini esikhulu, okungenani esingu-37 km/h. Lokhu kwammangaza, ngoba. ngokwemithetho ye-hydrodynamics, kufanele babe namandla emisipha izikhathi ezingu-8-10 ngaphezulu. UGrey wanquma ukuthi lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zilawula ukuhlehliswa kwemizimba yazo, umzimba wazo unokumelana ne-hydrodynamic izikhathi ezingu-8-10..

Ezweni lakithi, ucwaningo lwenziwa kwaze kwaba ngu-1973, kwavela izivivinyo zokuqala eziqinisekisa izitatimende zikaGrey. Ngokunokwenzeka, uGrey wayenephutha mayelana nejubane lokuhamba kwamahlengethwa, kodwa azi ukuthi anganciphisa kanjani ukumelana nokunyakaza kwawo, kodwa hhayi izikhathi ezingu-8, njengoba amaNgisi ayekholelwa, kodwa izikhathi ezi-2.

6. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezingu-10-18

Amahlengethwa aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-20-30, kodwa isikhathi sawo sokukhulelwa side kunesomuntu. Bathwala izingane izinyanga eziyi-10-18. Zingazalwa zombili ezincane, kufika ku-50-60 cm, nangaphezulu. Lapho ihlengethwa selizozala, liqala ukunyakaza, ligobe umsila nomhlane. Amanye amahlengethwa amhaqa ngendandatho eqinile, ezama ukusiza nokuvikela.

Uma nje umntwana ezalwa, uphushelwa phezulu ukuze amaphaphu akhe akhule futhi akwazi ukudonsa umoya. Ubona unina ngezwi lakhe, ngoba uqala ukushaya ikhwela ngokushesha ngemva kokubeletha, izikhathi ezingu-10 ngaphezu kokujwayelekile.

Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, ihlengethwa elidala alishiyi ingane yakhe, uma ilambile, ingane iqala ukukhala, njengabantu. Zonke izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane zilala kakhulu ezinyangeni zokuqala ngemva kokuzalwa. Kodwa hhayi amahlengethwa.

Ekuqaleni, ihlengethwa elincane alazi ukuthi ubuthongo buyini, iqala ukulala izinyanga ezi-2 kuphela ngemva kokuzalwa. Unyaka wokuqala wokuphila, umntwana uhlala eduze nomama wakhe, akagcini nje ukumondla, kodwa futhi uyamfundisa, amjezise uma engalaleli. Khona-ke umama uqala ukumfundisa ukuthola ukudla nokuxhumana. Ihlengethwa likhula emhlambini wezinsikazi, kanti abesilisa bahlala ngokuhlukana. Umama oyedwa angaba namawundlu angama-7-8, noma angama-2-3 kuphela.

5. "Ukulwa" amahlengethwa e-USA nase-USSR

Ukusetshenziswa kwamahlengethwa kwahlongozwa okokuqala emuva ngekhulu le-1950, kodwa lo mbono watholakala kuphela ngawo-19s. I-US Navy yenza izivivinyo eziningi lapho izilwane ezihlukahlukene zabamba iqhaza (izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-XNUMX). Kwakhethwa amahlengethwa namabhubesi olwandle. Baqeqeshelwa ukuthola izimayini ezingaphansi kwamanzi, bacekele phansi imikhumbi-ngwenya nge-kamikaze. Kepha i-US Navy iyaphika ukuthi yake yenza into enjalo. Kodwa, nokho, izisekelo zokuqeqesha zikhona, zine-Marine Mammal Fleet ekhethekile.

I-USSR yasungula isikhungo sayo sokucwaninga eduze noLwandle Olumnyama ngo-1965, eSevastopol. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, amahlengethwa ayengasaqeqeshelwe izinjongo zempi. Kodwa ngo-2012, i-Ukraine yaqhubeka nokuqeqeshwa, futhi ngo-2014, amahlengethwa aseCrimea ayiswa enkonzweni ye-Russian Navy.

4. Ezinhlamvu zemali zasendulo kunezithombe zamahlengethwa

Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC e. izithombe zamahlengethwa zingatholakala ezinhlamvu zemali zaseGreece Yasendulo, nasezitsheni zobumba. Emgedeni waseNingizimu Afrika ngo-1969, kwatholakala itshe elineminyaka okungenani engu-2285 ubudala. Indoda nezakhamuzi ezingu-4 zasolwandle ezifana namahlengethwa badwetshwa lapho.

3. Amahlengethwa ane-hemispheres eyodwa kwezi-1 zobuchopho bawo ekulaleni okungeyona i-REM.

Izilwane nabantu abakwazi ukuhlala bephapheme isikhathi eside, ngemva kwesikhashana baphoqeleka ukuba balale. Kodwa amahlengethwa aklanywe ngendlela yokuba ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yobuchopho bawo ikwazi ukulala, kuyilapho enye ihlala iqaphile ngalesi sikhathi.. Uma bebengenaso lesi sici, bebengaminza noma babe izisulu zezilwane ezidla ezinye.

2. I-dolphin therapy iyindlela yokwelapha kwengqondo

Ukubhukuda namahlengethwa kuyasiza kulabo abahlukumezeke kakhulu ngokwengqondo. Kuyasiza ukululama. I-dolphin therapy isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-cerebral palsy, i-autism yezingane, i-Down syndrome, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukukhuluma kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuzwa.. Kuyasiza futhi ukubhekana neziyaluyalu zokucindezeleka, uma zingezona ezemvelo.

1. Umndeni wamahlengethwa uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40

Umndeni wamahlengethwa ungaphansi kwemikhomo enamazinyo, ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40.. Ziyi-11 ezweni lakithi. Lezi zihlanganisa amahlengethwa e-bottlenose, ama-killer whale, amahlengethwa omkhomo nabanye abaningi.