Izinja Zomkhuhlane

I-Lichen ezinjeni ibangelwa izinhlobo eziningana zesikhunta se-dermatophyte - i-Microsporum ne-Trichophyton. Ngakho kwavela amagama athi microsporia kanye ne-trichophytosis, echaza ulele ezilwaneni. Kancane kancane, ulele ezinjeni lubangelwa ezinye izinhlobo ze-pathogenic dermatophytes. Kukhona cishe izinhlobo ezingamashumi amane zesikhunta se-dermatophyte. Ezilwaneni ezifuywayo ezincane, izinhlobo ezine zibaluleke kakhulu: I-Microsporum canis, i-Microsporum gypseum, i-Trichophyton mentagrophytes, ehlasela izinwele, ne-Microsporum persicolor, ebangela izilonda ezingqimbeni ze-keratinized zesikhumba. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala kanye nesimo sokudluliselwa kokutheleleka, isikhunta se-dermatophyte sihlukaniswa sibe yi-zoophilic ne-geophilic.

Ngesikhunta se-zoophilic, indawo yokuhlala yizilwane, kanti isikhunta se-geophilic, indawo yokuhlala imvelo nomhlabathi. Isikhunta se-dermatophyte sibuye sibe nezindlela zokwethulwa emzimbeni wesilwane. Ngakho-ke, ukutheleleka ngesikhunta i-Microsporum canis ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho izilwane zithintana noma ngokuthintana noboya obunegciwane lesikhunta kanye nezikali zesikhumba. I-fungus i-Trichophyton mentagrophytes ithanda ukuhlala phezu kwamagundane, futhi i-Microsporum gypseum ivamise ukutholakala endaweni ethile emhlabathini. Umholi ngenani lamacala e-dermatophytosis phakathi kwezinja yisikhunta sohlobo lweMicrosporum.

Ama-dermatophyte asebenzisa i-keratin, eyingxenye yezingxenye ezingaphezulu zesikhumba, izinwele nezinzipho, ukuze uthole ukudla okunomsoco kanye nomsebenzi wawo obalulekile.

Izindlela zokutheleleka

Izindlela zokuncisha izinja ukutheleleka zihluke kakhulu. Lezi yimvelo yangaphandle, nezinto zokunakekela izilwane, izinhlamvu, amakheji ombukiso, amabhokisi okuthutha, kanye nokuxhumana okuqondile nesilwane esinegciwane. Imithombo yokutheleleka nge-dermatophytosis ingaba ama-flakes esikhumba noboya bezilwane ezithintekayo yi-lichen endaweni yangaphandle nothuli.

Isithombe umbandamu ezinjeni

Ubonakala kanjani umbandamu ezinjeni?

Isithombe umbandamu ezinjeni

Izimpawu nezimpawu zombandamu ezinjeni

Sivame ukucabanga ngezikelemu ezinjeni njengeziyindilinga, ezinamabala, ezingenaboya esikhumbeni senja. Ngempela, i-microsporia ivame ukulimaza izingxenye ezingenhla zesikhumba senja - izinwele zejazi kanye nezingqimba ze-keratinized ze-epidermis, kancane kancane i-lichen ithinta izinzipho. Kodwa i-lichen ezinjeni ayibonakali njalo ngale ndlela, futhi izimpawu zingahlukahluka. Yiziphi izimpawu ze-lichen ezinjeni?

Ngokomtholampilo, i-lichen ingaqhubeka ngendlela ehluke kakhulu, futhi kuncike ekutheni lesi sifo sikusiphi isigaba, inja igule isikhathi esingakanani, futhi yiziphi izindawo noma okuphuma esikhumbeni i-pathogen isendaweni.

isigaba sokuqala

Esigabeni sokuqala sesifo, njengomthetho, i-lichen ezinjeni ivame ukubonakaliswa izilonda zesikhumba zendawo. Ngokuvamile, izilonda ziphawulwa ekhanda, ama-auricles nezidladla, okungukuthi, ezindaweni ezingaphansi kokuxhumana okuseduze nendawo yangaphandle. Ngokuvamile, i-lichen ibonakala ngokukhishwa kwezilonda ezingenazinwele esikhumbeni nokulahlekelwa izinwele ezindaweni ezinkulu zomzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi ngenkambo enzima noma ecashile ezinjeni, akukho ukulahlekelwa izinwele okwandisiwe, izindawo ezinkulu ezingenazinwele aziveli esikhumbeni sesilwane. Inani elincane lezinwele noma izinwele zomuntu ngamunye ziyathinteka, futhi isilwane singaba umthwali wesifo, kuyilapho singenaso isithombe somtholampilo esishiwo. Kulokhu, indlela eyinhloko yokwenza ukuxilongwa ingaba ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri kuphela ukuze kutholwe amagciwane e-lichen.

Isiteji sokugijima

Esigabeni esithuthukile sesifo, ngenkambo ende, isikhunta se-dermatophyte sivame ukuthelela izinzipho zezilwane. Ziba mncane, zibe buthuntu, zibe namaqhubu, ziqale ukuxebuka bese ziphuka. Njengomthetho, i-claw eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yesilwane iyathinteka, futhi ezimweni eziningi lezi zilonda ziyi-asymmetrical - kuphela ku-paw eyodwa noma ezithweni ezahlukene. Imvamisa, isikhunta sohlobo lwe-Trichophyton siba yimbangela yokunqotshwa kwezinzipho.

Uma ithinteka yizinhlamvu zokuncisha izinwele zezinwele, i-folliculitis izovame ukubhekwa emtholampilo, ebuye ithuthuke nge-demodicosis kanye ne-pyoderma ezinjeni.

Lapho izinhlamvu zesikhunta se-dermatophyte zingena ezingxenyeni ezijulile zesikhumba ezinjeni, ukwakheka okuyindilinga okuminyene, i-kerion, kungakhula ezindaweni zokwethulwa kwazo. Imvamisa, i-kerion ingatholakala ezinjeni ezithweni nasezimbotsheni.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kohlobo olujwayelekile lwe-lichen, izilonda ezifana ne-seborrhea eyomile noma enamafutha zingabonwa, lapho ijazi liba namafutha, linamathele, noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, limile futhi liphuke. Izinja azinamathuba amancane okuthuthukisa i-lichen ejwayelekile kunamakati.

Ngokwezibalo, ukutheleleka kwe-lichen phakathi kwezinja ezinezinwele ezinde kuvame kakhulu kunaphakathi kwezinwele ezimfushane. Kukhona futhi ukuthambekela kohlobo lokutheleleka nge-dermatophytosis kuma-terriers osayizi abaphakathi nabancane. Kodwa izinja zazo zonke izinhlobo neminyaka zingagula nge-lichen.

Diagnostics

Ukuxilongwa kwe-lichen, indlela ehlanganisiwe isetshenziswa: izibonakaliso zomtholampilo zokutheleleka zihlaziywa futhi kwenziwa izifundo eziningi zokuxilonga. Izindlela zokuxilonga ze-dermatophytosis zihlanganisa okulandelayo: i-microscopy yezinwele, ukuxilongwa kwe-luminescent, ukuhlwanyela emithonjeni ekhethekile yezakhi. Ezimweni ezingavamile, okunzima ukuzixilonga, i-biopsy yesikhumba isetshenziselwa ukwenza ukuxilongwa. Indlela yokuxilongwa kwe-PCR ecacile nayo isetshenziselwa ukuthola amagciwane e-lichen. Izindlela zakamuva zokuxilonga i-dermatophytosis, njengendlela ye-ELISA kanye nendlela ye-immunohistochemistry, zinenani eliphezulu lokuxilonga futhi seziqala ukuqaliswa ekusebenzeni kwezokwelapha zesimanje zezilwane.

Ukuze uthole i-microscopy (ukuhlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope), izikali zesikhumba esithintekile kanye nezinwele zoboya ezinesakhiwo esilungisiwe zikhethiwe. Ukutholwa kwezinwele ezithintekile yi-fungal hyphae kuvumela ukuxilongwa okuhle kwe-lichen. 

Ukuhlwanyela emithonjeni ekhethekile yezakhi (noma indlela yesiko lesikhunta) kungenye yezindlela ezinembayo zokubona i-dermatophytosis. Le ndlela ayivumeli kuphela ukubona ukuba khona kwesikhunta se-pathogenic, kodwa futhi yenza kube lula ukukhulisa isiko layo endaweni enomsoco futhi ikuvumela ukuba unqume uhlobo lwe-pathogen. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukukhula kwamakoloni esikhunta se-dermatophyte kuthatha izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingamashumi amathathu. Naphezu kokunemba okuphezulu, le ndlela inganikeza imiphumela engalungile nengalungile futhi idinga izifundo zokulawula. Ngenkambo eyinkimbinkimbi yesifo, lapho ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya kuhlanganiswe nokutheleleka kwefungal, izilonda zokukhala zivela esikhumbeni. Kulokhu, ngaphezu kwezindlela eziyinhloko zokuxilonga, indlela ye-cytological isetshenziselwa ukubona izinhlamvu ze-fungal ku-exudate.

Indlela yokuxilongwa kwe-luminescent usebenzisa isibani se-Wood's ukuhlolwa okusizayo kuphela ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa kwe-lichen. Njengendlela yokuxilonga ezimele, ayisetshenziswa, ngoba inikeza imiphumela engemihle engamanga kanye nemiphumela engemihle emaphesentini aphezulu amacala. Ukunemba kokuxilongwa kwe-luminescent kuthonywa izici eziningi: uhlobo lwe-pathogen, ikhwalithi yesibani se-Wood ngokwayo, ukuthi kwakufudumele kangakanani ngaphambi kocwaningo (isibani kufanele sifudumale ngaphambi kocwaningo imizuzu engu-10-15), ukuba khona ukungcola esikhumbeni kanye nejazi lesilwane. Ukuze kuhlolwe isibani se-Woods, kufanele kusetshenziswe igumbi elimnyama ngokuphelele. Ngosizo lokuxilongwa kwe-luminescent, kungenzeka ukuthola iminonjana yomsebenzi obalulekile kuphela wesikhunta sohlobo lweMicrosporum canis, equkethe i-pigment pteridine ku-hyphae yayo. Ngaphansi kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet, izinwele ezithinteka ukhunta i-Microsporum canis ziyakhazimula ngokukhanya kwe-emerald-apula. Ukukhanya okuyisici kwezinwele kusiza udokotela ukuthi athathe amasampula anembe kakhudlwana ukuze enze i-microscopy kanye nokunikela ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ukuze zigonywe emithonjeni yezokudla ekhethekile. Ngomphumela omubi wokuxilongwa kwe-fluorescent, ukutheleleka akukwazi ukukhishwa.

Ukwelapha umbandamu ezinjeni

Indlela yokususa i-lichen enja? Ukwelapha ama-ringworm ezinjeni, indlela ehlanganisiwe isetshenziswa: lena yindlela yokwelapha yesilwane ngokwaso, kanye nezinyathelo zokunciphisa inani lezinhlamvu ze-lichen emvelweni, ekamelweni lapho isilwane sihlala khona. Ekwelapheni i-trichophytosis ezinjeni, kokubili ukwelashwa okuhlelekile ngezidakamizwa ze-antimycotic kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo ngendlela yokugeza izilwane kusetshenziswa ama-shampoos anemithi, izixazululo, nokwelashwa kwendawo kwezilonda ezincane zesikhumba kusetshenziswa. Ukuze kungene kangcono imithi yendawo ezindaweni ezithintekile zesikhumba, kunconywa ukugunda izilwane ezinezinwele ezinde ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa kwendawo. Izinja zokuqeqesha ezinezinwele ezinde noma ezinzima kakhulu zisheshisa inqubo yokuphulukisa, kuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo ngezinwele ezithelelekile.

Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokugoma yokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwe-trichophytosis ezinjeni nasemakati kubonise ukusebenza okuphansi kakhulu, futhi i-dermatologists yezilwane zanamuhla, njengomthetho, ayisebenzisi. Imithi yokugomela i-Antifungal iye yathuthukiswa yokwelapha nokuvimbela i-dermatophytosis ezilwaneni ezikhiqizayo: izinkomo, izimvu, izimbuzi nezingulube. Kodwa ezinjeni namakati, ngokocwaningo lwanamuhla, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokugoma ulele kuyimpikiswano futhi kutholakala kungasebenzi.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukwelapha umbandamu enjeni. Futhi ngisho nangemva kokunyamalala kwezilonda esikhumbeni, ukuhlolwa kokulawula okwengeziwe kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunqoba kokugcina phezu kokutheleleka. Uma kungenjalo, uma kwenzeka ukwesulwa kungazelelwe kwenkambo yokwelashwa, ukuphindeka kwalesi sifo kungenzeka.

Ukulawula imiphumela yokwelashwa, indlela yokuhlwanyela emithonjeni yezomsoco ekhethekile isetshenziswa nesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-14 kuze kutholakale imiphumela emibili emibi. Udokotela unquma ukuyeka ukwelashwa ngemva kokuthola umphumela wokulawula ongemuhle wesiko.

Kubalulekile ukwelapha zonke izilwane ezihlangana nesilwane esinegciwane. Ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka kwezilwane ezinempilo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa njalo ukwelashwa ngama-agent wendawo (ama-shampoos nezixazululo). Izinhlamvu ze-Lichen zizinzile endaweni ezungezile. Ngakho-ke, izinhlamvu ze-fungus ze-Microsporum canis zingaphila endaweni ezungezile kuze kube yizinyanga ezingu-18. Ngakho-ke, ukucutshungulwa ngokucophelela kwendawo okuhlala kuyo izilwane kuyisinyathelo esidingekayo sokululama ngokushesha. Ukuhlanza njalo izindawo lapho izilwane zigcinwa khona kungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokuvimbela ulele phakathi kwezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nabantu.

Izibulala-magciwane ezivamile zasendlini zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza indawo. Ukuhlanza okumanzi njalo, ngisho namanzi ahlanzekile, kunciphisa kakhulu inani lezinhlamvu endaweni. Ukuhlanza kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuhlanza amakamelo lapho kugcinwa khona inja ene-dermatophyte. Kubalulekile ukulahla izikhwama zevacuum cleaner ezisetshenzisiwe ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwendawo yangaphandle. Isitimu esishisayo sisetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane kumakhaphethi kanye nefenisha efakwe upholstered. I-steamer yengubo yenza umsebenzi ngokuphelele. Kuyadingeka futhi ukukhipha amagciwane izinto zokunakekela, imibhede, amakholomu, amafinyila kanye namaleshi.

Ukukhipha amagciwane ilineni lombhede nezinto ezingahlanzwa emshinini wokuwasha, sebenzisa ukugeza ekushiseni kwama-degrees angu-30 kuya kwangu-60. Ukukhipha amagciwane okuphelele, kwanele ukwenza imijikelezo emibili yokugeza ephelele ngokulandelana.

Prevention

Ukuvimbela i-dermatophytosis ukugcinwa kwemithetho yenhlanzeko. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa izinto zokunakekelwa zomunye umuntu, izinhlamvu, ama-sunbed, ama-leashes, ama-muzzles, amabhokisi okuthutha kanye namakheji ombukiso. Le mithetho kufanele ibhekwe lapho uvakashela imibukiso, ukwamukela izivakashi, kanye nokuxhumana okungenzeka nabathwali baleli gciwane nakho kufanele kukhishwe.

Ingozi kubantu

I-Dermatophytosis ibhekisela kuma-zoonoses - izifo ezivamile ezilwaneni nakubantu. Isikhathi esiningi sincisha izingane, abantu abanezifo ze-oncological, abenza izifundo ze-chemotherapy, abantu abadala kanye nabantu abanezimo zokuzivikela komzimba basengozini yokutheleleka.

Ngokomtholampilo, ama-dermatophytoses kubantu angaba nezifundo ezihlukahlukene futhi ngokuvamile atholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile zomzimba nasezindaweni ezivame ukuthintana noboya bezilwane: ebusweni, ezithweni nasesiswini. Ngokuvamile, abantu banezilonda eziyindilinga noma eziyisiyingi, ezinama-scaly ezingase zihambisane nokulunywa.

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwabantu abahlangana nesilwane esinegciwane, kubalulekile ukuphatha inja ngamagilavu ​​futhi unciphise ukuthintana nezinwele zesilwane esifuywayo phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokwelashwa. Amacala e-dermatophytosis kubantu abadala nasezinganeni ngemuva kokuxhumana ne-agent causative ye-lichen ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwesilwane sakho esifuywayo azibandakanyi - isibonelo, emgwaqweni, emcimbini, emibukisweni. Ngemva kokuxhumana nezinye izilwane nabantu, umuntu angangenwa i-dermatophytosis futhi yena abe umthombo wengozi esilwaneni sakhe. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa kokuvimbela isilwane, ngisho noma singabonisi izimpawu zesifo, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka kabusha kwabantu kakade kusukela enja.

I-athikili ayikona ukubizela esenzweni!

Ukuze uthole ukucwaninga okuningiliziwe kwenkinga, sincoma ukuthi uxhumane nochwepheshe.

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Okthoba 16 2020

Kubuyekezwe: 21 May 2022