Ukuqiniswa okuhle ekuqeqesheni izinja

Singakhuluma ngokuqiniswa okuhle ekuqeqesheni inja lapho inja ithola okuthile okubalulekile nokubalulekile ngenxa yokwenza "isenzo esihle". Isibonelo, inja ilala phansi ngokuyalwa futhi siyivuze ngokuyiphatha kahle. Emazweni amaningi (lawo esiwabiza ngokuthi aphucuzekile), ukuqinisa okuhle sekuyisikhathi eside kube okuyinhloko, uma kungeyona kuphela indlela eyamukelekayo yokuqeqesha izilwane, kuhlanganise nezinja. Kungani le ndlela iyinhle?

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Ukuqiniswa okuhle kungasetshenziselwa ini?

Ngesinye isikhathi, u-E. Thorndike wakha "Umthetho Wokusebenza", ngokusho ukuthi esimweni esifanayo, ezinye izinto zilingana, lezo zimpendulo eziholela emuzweni wokwaneliseka zilungiswa kangcono. Futhi, umbono wokuhlobana phakathi kokuziphatha nemiphumela wasungulwa umsunguli wokufunda okusebenzayo u-B.F. Skinner.

Indlela enhle yokuqinisa isekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi ukuziphatha okuqiniswayo kuba njalo. Futhi ukuhlanganisa kwayo okuyinhloko ukuthi isisusa senja sanelisekile.

Nokuqiniswa okuhle ayinayo imingcele endaweni yokusetshenziswa. Okusho ukuthi, singayisebenzisa ukufundisa inja (kanye nanoma yisiphi isilwane esikwazi ukufunda ngokomgomo) noma yini futhi silungise ukuziphatha okuyinkinga.

Yiziphi izimpikiswano ezenziwa abaphikisi bokuqiniswa okuhle, futhi kungani lezi zimpikiswano zingaphenduleki?

Ukuqiniswa okuhle kunabo bobabili abasekeli nabamelene nabo. Izimpikiswano ezinkulu ezimelene nokusebenzisa ukuqinisa okuhle kuphela yilezi:

• "Ukuqinisa okuhle ukufumbathisa inja."
• "Ukuqiniswa okuhle akuwenzi umkhuba ozinzile."
• "Ukuqiniswa okuhle kuwukuyekelela."

Nokho, akukho neyodwa yalezi zimpikiswano evumelekile nganoma iyiphi indlela.

Ekhuluma ngokufumbathisa, abamelene nokuqiniswa okuhle imiqondo esikhundleni. Ukugwazisa yilapho ubonisa inja yakho intokozo noma ithoyizi bese uyibiza. Yebo, ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, ukuze inja iqonde lokho okudingekayo kuye, thina, yiqiniso, simfundisa ukuba agijimele ucezu oluhlwabusayo noma ithoyizi - kodwa kuphela esiteji sokuchazwa. Futhi uma ubiza inja ngaphandle kokuyincenga, uyidumise ngesikhathi lapho ifulathela ezinye izinja noma iphunga elithakazelisayo otshanini futhi igijimela kuwe, futhi lapho igijima, idlale nayo noma uyiphathe - lokhu akunjalo. isifumbathiso, kodwa inkokhelo.

Ngakho-ke akukhona neze mayelana nokufumbathisa.

Labo abathi, "Sizamile ukuqinisa okuhle, kodwa akwenzi umkhuba ozinzile," mhlawumbe amaphutha okuqeqesha inja. Futhi elinye lala maphutha liyinkimbinkimbi ebukhali yomsebenzi.

Isibonelo, uma wenza umyalo efulethini, futhi ngakusasa ucele inja yakho ukuthi ikwenze emgwaqweni onomsindo esixukwini sabantu ongabazi, izimoto, nokunye okuningi okucasulayo, cishe inja izodideka kakhulu. ukuyilandela.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubekele esinyathelweni esilandelayo, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inja iyawuqonda umsebenzi. Uma umsebenzi uyinkimbinkimbi kancane kancane, izigaba ezibalulekile zokuqeqesha aziphuthelwa, futhi indlela yokugqugquzela ikhethwa ngendlela efanele, inja izobonisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu ekuqeqesheni ukuqinisa okuhle, futhi ngokungaguquki.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kokuqinisa okuhle indlela "yokuqinisa okuguquguqukayo"lapho umvuzo unganikezwa njalo, futhi inja ayazi ukuthi izothola ibhonasi ngokugcwalisa umyalo. Ukuqinisa okuguquguqukayo kusebenza kangcono kunokunikeza umklomelo ngemva komyalo ngamunye. Yiqiniso, le ndlela isetshenziswa lapho ikhono selivele lakhiwe, futhi inja iqonda kahle ukuthi yini oyifunayo kuye. Lokhu futhi kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokwenziwa komyalo.

Enye ingxabano yabaphikisi bokuqiniswa okuhle "imvume". “Inja izohlala entanyeni!” bathukuthele. Kodwa ukuyekelela yilapho umnikazi engaphazamisi ukuziphatha kwenja, futhi wenza lokho akufunayo (ifuna - ukubamba amakati, ifuna - izicathulo zokuluma, njll.). Kodwa-ke, ngokusebenzisa ukuqiniswa okuhle, siqeqesha inja, sichaza imithetho yokuhlala ndawonye futhi sisize ukujwayela imingcele enengqondo, siphakamisa ukuthi angakwazi kanjani ukwanelisa izidingo zakhe - sikwenza nje ngobuntu. Okusho ukuthi, ukuqinisa okuhle nakho akuhlangene nokuyekelela.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zokuqiniswa okuhle?

Ukuqinisa okuhle kunezinzuzo eziningi ezibalulekile kunezinye izindlela:

1. Inja iba isinyathelo.
2. Inja ukufunda ukucabanga, finyelela iziphetho futhi ngokuvamile ngokwayo iphakamisa izenzo ezidingekayo.
3. Kunyamalala usizi (ukucindezeleka okulimazayo) ekuqeqesheni, amakilasi aletha injabulo kumnikazi kanye nenja, okusho ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo kuyaqiniswa.
4. Inja enesifiso esikhulu sokusebenza, "ithatha" umthwalo wemfanelo futhi kushukunyiswa yenza ingxenye yakho yomsebenzi.

Kudingekani ukusebenzisa ukuqiniswa okuhle ekuqeqesheni inja?

Ukuqinisa okuhle kungasetshenziswa nazo zonke izinja, ngakho inja idinga kuphela ukuba nempilo ngokwanele ukuze ikwazi ukufunda ngokujwayelekile futhi ikwazi kahle amakhono athile ikakhulukazi.

Kumuntu othathe isinqumo sokusebenzisa ukuqiniswa okuhle ekuqeqesheni izinja, kuyadingeka:

• Ukuqonda, siyini isikhuthazo ngenja ethile "lapha futhi manje."
• Incazelo umzuzu oqondile wesikhuthazo. Uma, lapho ufundisa inja yakho ukuhlala ngomyalo, uyikhuthaza ukuba isukume, uzobe uyifundisa ukusukuma, hhayi ukuhlala.
• Patience. Ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukunikeza inja yakho ithuba lokucabanga.
• ukulandelana. Kumele kube nemithetho empilweni yenja, futhi ukuziphatha komnikazi kufanele kubikezelwe. Uma usebenzisa ukuqinisa okuhle namuhla futhi usebenzisa i-stranglehold noma ukushaqeka kukagesi kusasa, inja ngeke yazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela kuwe - lokhu kuzolulaza ukwethembeka kwakho, futhi cishe ngeke uphumelele.