Intshe inyoni engandizi: izinhlobo ezingaphansi, umsoco, indlela yokuphila, isivinini kanye nokuzala

Intshe yase-Afrika (lat. Struthio camelus) iyinyoni ye-ratite engakwazi ukundiza, okuwukuphela kommeleli womndeni wezintshe (Struthinodae).

Igama lesayensi lenyoni ngesiGreki lisho "undlunkulu bekamela".

Namuhla, intshe ukuphela kwenyoni enesinye.

ulwazi oluvamile

Intshe yase-Afrika iyinyoni enkulu kunazo zonke ephilayo namuhla, ingafinyelela ubude obungama-270 cm nesisindo esingafika ku-175 kg. Le nyoni inakho umzimba oqinileInentamo ende nekhanda elincane eliyisicaba. Uqhwaku lwalezi zinyoni luyisicaba, luqondile, luthambile futhi “lunozipho” olunophondo ku-mandible. Amehlo ezintshe abhekwa njengenkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezilwane zasemhlabeni, phezu kwejwabu leso elingenhla lentshe kukhona umugqa wezinkophe eziwugqinsi.

Izintshe ziyizinyoni ezingandizi. Imisipha yabo ye-pectoral ayithuthukisiwe, i-skeleton ayiyona i-pneumatic, ngaphandle kwe-femurs. Amaphiko entshe awathuthukisiwe: iminwe emi-2 kuwo igcina ngezinzipho. Imilenze iqinile futhi yinde, ineminwe emi-2 kuphela, owodwa ogcina ngokufana nophondo (intshe incike kuyo ngenkathi igijima).

Le nyoni inezimpaphe ezigoqene futhi ezixegayo, yikhanda kuphela, amahips nentamo akunazo izimpaphe. Esifubeni sentshe ube nesikhumba esingenalutho, kulula ukuba intshe incike kuyo lapho ilala. Ngendlela, insikazi incane kuneyeduna futhi inombala ofana nombala onsundu ngokumpunga, futhi izimpaphe zomsila namaphiko zimhlophe-mhlophe.

Izinhlobo zezintshe

Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 eziyinhloko zezintshe zase-Afrika:

• izintshe ezihlala eMpumalanga Afrika futhi ezinentamo nemilenze ebomvu;
• izinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi ezinemilenze empunga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezintamo. Intshe S.c. i-molybdophanes, etholakala e-Ethiopia, eSomalia nasenyakatho yeKenya, ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-ostrich yaseSomalia. I-subspecies yezintshe ezinentamo empunga (S. c. australis) zihlala eNingizimu-ntshonalanga Afrika. Kukhona enye i-subspecies ehlala eNyakatho Afrika - S. c. ikamela.

Ukudla okunomsoco kanye nendlela yokuphila

Izintshe zihlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule kanye nama-savanna avulekile, eningizimu nasenyakatho yehlathi lenkabazwe. Umndeni wezintshe wakhiwe ngeduna, ezinsikazi ezi-4-5 namatshwele. Ngokuvamile ungabona izintshe zidla namadube nezinyamazane, zingakwazi ngisho nokufuduka ngokuhlanganyela emathafeni. Ngenxa yamehlo amahle kanye nokukhula okuhlukile, izintshe zihlale zingabokuqala ukubona ingozi. Esimweni esinjalo bayabaleka futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthuthukisa isivinini esifinyelela ku-60-70 km / h, futhi izinyathelo zabo zifinyelela ku-3,5-4 m ububanzi. Uma kunesidingo, bayakwazi ukushintsha ngokuzumayo isiqondiso sokugijima, ngaphandle kokunciphisa ijubane.

Izitshalo ezilandelayo zaba ukudla okujwayelekile kwezintshe:

• amahlumela;
• imbewu;
• izimbali;
• izithelo.

Nokho, uma ithuba livela, bona ungakhathazeki ngokudla izinambuzane nezilwane ezincane. Bakhetha:

• izilwane ezihuquzelayo;
• isikhonyane;
• okusalile ekudleni kwezilwane ezizingelayo;
• amagundane.

Izintshe azinawo amazinyo, ngakho kufanele zigwinye amatshe amancane, izingcezu zepulasitiki, ukhuni, insimbi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nezinzipho ukuze zigaye ukudla eziswini zazo. Lezi zinyoni zilula engakwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Bathola umswakama ezitshalweni abazidlayo, kodwa uma benethuba lokuphuza, bazokwenza ngokuzithandela. Bathanda nokubhukuda.

Uma insikazi ishiya amaqanda enganakiwe, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi azoba isisulu sezilwane ezidla ezinye (izimpisi nezimpungushe), kanye nezinyoni ezidla inyama efile. Isibonelo, amanqe, ethatha itshe emlonyeni wawo, aliphonsa phezu kweqanda, enze lokhu kuze kube yilapho iqanda liphuka. Amatshwele ngezinye izikhathi azingelwa amabhubesi. Kodwa izintshe ezindala aziyona ingozi, babeka ingozi ngisho nezilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkulu. Ukushaywa okukodwa ngonyawo oluqinile olunozipho oluqinile kwanele ukubulala noma ukulimaza kabi ibhubesi. Umlando uyawazi amacala lapho izintshe zesilisa zihlasela abantu, zivikela indawo yazo.

Isici esaziwayo sentshe ukufihla ikhanda layo esihlabathini kumane nje kuyinganekwane. Ngokunokwenzeka, kwakuvela eqinisweni lokuthi insikazi, echamisela amaqanda esidlekeni, yehlisa intamo yayo futhi iqonde phansi uma kwenzeka ingozi. Ngakho-ke uvame ukungabonakali uma ebhekene nesizinda semvelo. Okufanayo nezintshe zenza lapho zibona izilwane ezidla ezinye. Uma isilwane esizingelayo sisondela kuzo ngalo mzuzu, zivele zigxume zibaleke.

Intshe epulazini

Izimpaphe ezinhle zezintshe zokuqondisa kanye nezimpukane sekuyisikhathi eside zithandwa kakhulu. Babejwayele ukwenza abalandeli, abalandeli futhi bahlobise ngazo izigqoko. Izizwe zase-Afrika zazenza izitsha zamanzi ngegobolondo eliqinile lamaqanda ezintshe, kanti abeLungu benza izinkomishi ezinhle.

Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, intshe izimpaphe zazisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ukuhlobisa izigqoko zabesifazane, ngakho izintshe zacishe zaqedwa. Mhlawumbe, okwamanje, izintshe ngabe azikho nhlobo ukube azizange zifuywe emapulazini maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Namuhla, lezi zinyoni zifuywa emazweni angaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu emhlabeni jikelele (okuhlanganisa isimo sezulu esibandayo njengeSweden), kodwa iningi lamapulazi ezintshe lisatholakala eNingizimu Afrika.

Namuhla, zifuyelwa emapulazini ikakhulukazi ukuze kutholwe inyama nesikhumba esimba eqolo. Nambitha inyama yentshe ifana nenyama yenkomo ezondile, ine-cholesterol encane futhi ngenxa yalokho ayinawo amafutha. Izimpaphe namaqanda nakho kubalulekile.

Ukukhiqiza

Intshe inyoni yesithembu. Ngokuvamile bangatholakala behlala ngamaqembu ezinyoni ezingu-3-5, okukhona kuzo iduna, abanye abesifazane. Lezi zinyoni zibuthana zibe yimihlambi kuphela ngesikhathi sokungazali. Imihlambi ifinyelela ezinyonini ezingama-1-20, nezintshe ezingavuthiwe eningizimu ye-Afrika zibuthana zibe yimihlambi enamaphiko angaba ngu-30-50. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, izintshe zesilisa zihlala endaweni esukela ku-100 kuya ku-2 km15, zivikela izimbangi.

Phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa, amaduna aheha abesifazane ngokuqopha ngendlela engavamile. Eyeduna iguqa ngamadolo, ishaya amaphiko ngesigqi futhi, iphonsa ikhanda layo emuva, ihlikihla ikhanda layo emhlane. Ngalesi sikhathi, imilenze nentamo yeduna inombala ogqamile. Nakuba ukugijima kuyisici saso nesisici esihlukanisayo, phakathi nemidlalo yokukhwelana, babonisa eyensikazi ezinye izimfanelo zabo.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze abonise ukuphakama kwawo, abesilisa abayizimbangi benza umsindo omkhulu. Ziyakwazi ukuhayiza noma icilongo, zidonsa umoya ogcwele futhi ziwukhiphe ngomminzo, kuyilapho kuzwakala umsindo ofana nokubhonga okungemnandi. Intshe yesilisa omsindo wayo uzwakala kakhulu iba ngumnqobi, ithola insikazi enqotshiwe, futhi ohluliwe kufanele ahambe engenalutho.

Iduna elibusayo liyakwazi ukumboza zonke izinsikazi ku-harem. Nokho, kuphela ngowesifazane ovelele kwakha i-pair. Ngendlela, uchamisela amatshwele kanye nensikazi. Konke ezinsikazi zibekela amaqanda azo emgodini ovamile, okuthi iduna ngokwalo lizikhuhla esihlabathini noma emhlabathini. Ukujula komgodi kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-30 ​​kuye ku-60 cm. Emhlabeni wezinyoni, amaqanda ezintshe athathwa njengamakhulu. Nokho, maqondana nobukhulu bensikazi, azinkulu kakhulu.

Ngobude, amaqanda afinyelela ku-15-21 cm, futhi anesisindo esingu-1,5-2 kg (lokhu cishe amaqanda enkukhu angama-25-36). Njengoba sesishilo kakade, igobolondo lentshe liminyene kakhulu, licishe libe ngu-0,6 cm, ngokuvamile linombala ophuzi ngotshani, alivamile ukuba mhlophe noma libe mnyama. ENyakatho Afrika, i-clutch ephelele imvamisa izingcezu eziyi-15-20, empumalanga ifinyelela ku-50-60, kanti eningizimu - 30.

Phakathi namahora okukhanya, ezinsikazi zifukamela amaqanda, lokhu kungenxa yombala wawo ovikelayo, ohlangana nendawo. Kanti ebusuku le ndima yenziwa ngowesilisa. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi phakathi nosuku amaqanda ashiywe enganakiwe, lapho eshiswa ilanga. Isikhathi se-incubation sithatha izinsuku ezingama-35-45. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, ngokuvamile amaqanda ayafa ngenxa yokungakwazi ukufukamela okwanele. Itshwele kufanele liqhekeze igobolondo elicinene leqanda lentshe isikhathi esingangehora. Iqanda lentshe likhulu ngokuphindwe ka-24 kuneqanda lenkukhu.

Itshwele elisanda kuchanyuselwa linesisindo esingaba ngu-1,2 kg. Ngezinyanga ezine, isisindo sakhe sifinyelela ku-18-19 kg. Kakade ngosuku lwesibili lokuphila, amatshwele ayasishiya isidleke ayofuna ukudla noyise. Ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala, amatshwele ambozwe ama-bristles aqinile, abese eshintsha le ngubo ibe nombala ofana nowesifazane. Izimpaphe zangempela zibonakala ngenyanga yesibili, futhi izimpaphe ezimnyama kwabesilisa kuphela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Kakade eminyakeni engu-2-4 ubudala, izintshe ziyakwazi ukuzala, futhi ziphila iminyaka engu-30-40.

Umgijimi Omangalisayo

Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, izintshe azikwazi ukundiza, nokho, zingaphezu kokunxephezela lesi sici ngokukwazi ukugijima ngokushesha. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, zifinyelela isivinini esingafika ku-70 km / h. Lezi zinyoni, ngaphandle kokukhathala, ziyakwazi ukunqoba amabanga amade. Izintshe zisebenzisa isivinini kanye namandla azo ukuze ziqede izilwane ezizingelayo. Kukholakala ukuthi ijubane lentshe lidlula ijubane lazo zonke ezinye izilwane emhlabeni. Asazi noma kuyiqiniso yini lokho, kodwa okungenani ihhashi alikwazi ukumedlula. Yiqiniso, ngezinye izikhathi intshe yenza izihibe lapho igijima futhi, iqaphela lokhu, umgibeli uyagijima ukuze amnqume, noma kunjalo, ngisho nom-Arabhu ogibele ihhashi lakhe elishisayo ngeke ahambisane naye ngendlela eqondile. Ukungakhathali nesivinini esisheshayo yizimpawu zalawa amaphiko.

Bayakwazi ukugijima ngesivinini esilinganayo amahora amade elandelana, ngoba imilenze yayo eqinile nemide enemisipha eqinile ikufanelekela lokhu. Ngenkathi egijima lingafaniswa nehhashi: Abuye ashaye izinyawo ajikijele ngamatshe. Lapho umgijimi ekhulisa ijubane lakhe eliphezulu, welula amaphiko akhe futhi awavule emhlane wakhe. Ngobulungisa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi wenza lokhu kuphela ukuze alondoloze ibhalansi, ngoba ngeke akwazi ukundiza ngisho negceke. Abanye ososayensi bathi intshe iyakwazi ukugijima isivinini esifinyelela ku-97 km/h. Imvamisa, ezinye izinhlobo zezintshe zihamba ngesivinini esijwayelekile sama-4-7 km / h, zidlula i-10-25 km ngosuku.

Amatshwele ezintshe nawo agijima kakhulu. Ngemva kwenyanga echanyuselwe, amatshwele afinyelela isivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-50 ngehora.