I-Orlovsky trotter

Umlando wohlobo

I-Orlovsky trotter, noma i-Orlov trotter, iwuhlobo lwamahhashi alula anamandla angokofuzo e-frisky trot, angenawo ama-analogue emhlabeni.

Yakhuliswa eRussia, epulazini le-Khrenovsky stud (esifundazweni saseVoronezh), ngaphansi kokuqondisa komnikazi wayo u-Count AG Orlov engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lesi-XNUMX - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX ngendlela yokuwela okuyinkimbinkimbi usebenzisa isi-Arabhu, isiDanish, isiDashi, iMecklenburg. , Friesian kanye nezinye izinhlobo.

I-Orlovsky trotter yathola igama layo egameni lomdali wayo, u-Count Alexei Orlov-Chesmensky (1737-1808). Ukuba uchwepheshe wamahhashi, u-Count Orlov wathenga amahhashi ayigugu ezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ohambweni lwakhe eYurophu nase-Asia. Wawazisa ngokukhethekile amahhashi ohlobo lwama-Arabia, okwathi amakhulu amaningi eminyaka enqanyulwa nezinhlobo eziningi zamahhashi aseYurophu ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimfanelo zangaphandle nezangaphakathi zalolu lwakamuva.

Umlando wokudalwa kwe-Oryol trotter waqala ngo-1776, lapho u-Count Orlov eletha eRussia i-Arabian stallion eyigugu kakhulu futhi enhle kakhulu uSmetanka. Yathengwa ngenani elikhulu - izinkulungwane ezingama-60 zesiliva kuSultan waseTurkey ngemuva kokunqoba impi neTurkey, futhi ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwezempi kwathunyelwa umhlaba eRussia.

U-Smetanka wayemkhulu ngokungavamile kuhlobo lwakhe kanye ne-stallion enhle kakhulu, wathola isiteketiso sakhe sesudi empunga ekhanyayo, ecishe ibe mhlophe, njengokhilimu omuncu.

Njengoba kuhlelwe ngu-Count Orlov, uhlobo olusha lwamahhashi kwakufanele lube nalezi zimfanelo ezilandelayo: ukuba lukhulu, luhle, lwakhiwe ngokuvumelana, lunethezekile ngaphansi kwesihlalo sehhashi, kuhhanisi negeja, luhle ngokulinganayo embukisweni nasempini. Kwakudingeka baqine esimweni sezulu esibi saseRussia futhi bamelane namabanga amade nemigwaqo emibi. Kodwa imfuneko eyinhloko yala mahhashi kwakuyi-trot epholile, ecacile, njengoba ihhashi eligijimayo alikhathali isikhathi eside futhi linyakazisa inqola kancane. Ngalezo zinsuku, ayembalwa kakhulu amahhashi ashisayo ku-trot futhi ayehlonishwa kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezihlukene ezizogijima ngokuzinzile, i-trot elula yayingekho nhlobo.

Ngemva kokufa kuka-Orlov ngo-1808, isitshalo saseKhrenovsky sadluliselwa kubaphathi be-serf Count VI Shishkin. Njengoba engumfuyi wamahhashi onethalente kusukela ezalwa futhi ebuka izindlela zokuqeqesha zika-Orlov, uShishkin waqhubeka ngempumelelo nomsebenzi owaqalwa inkosi yakhe ukwakha uhlobo olusha, manje olwaludinga ukuhlanganiswa kwezimfanelo ezidingekayo - ubuhle bamafomu, ukukhanya nomusa wokunyakaza kanye i-frisky, i-trot engaguquki.

Wonke amahhashi, kokubili ngaphansi kwe-Orlov nangaphansi kwe-Shishkin, avivinywa amandla, lapho amahhashi aneminyaka emithathu ubudala eqhutshwa ku-trot ngama-versts angu-18 (cishe amakhilomitha angu-19) eduze komzila we-Ostrov - eMoscow. Ehlobo, amahhashi e-harness yaseRussia ane-arc agijima ku-droshky, ebusika - ku-sleigh.

U-Count Orlov waqala imijaho yaseMoscow eyayidume ngaleso sikhathi, eyashesha yaba ukuzijabulisa okuhle kwamaMuscovites. Ehlobo, imijaho yaseMoscow yayiqhutshelwa ensimini yaseDonskoy, ebusika - eqhweni loMfula iMoscow. Amahhashi kwakudingeka agijime ngokuzethemba okucacile, ukushintshela ku-gallop (ukwehluleka) kuhlekwa usulu futhi kuphoqwe umphakathi.

Ngenxa ye-Oryol trotters, i-trotting sport yazalwa eRussia, bese kuthi eYurophu, lapho yathunyelwa khona ngenkuthalo kusukela ngawo-1850 - 1860s. Kuze kube ngawo-1870s, ama-Oryol trotters ayehamba phambili phakathi kwezinhlobo ezilula, ayesetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa isitokwe samahhashi eRussia futhi athunyelwa eNtshonalanga Yurophu nase-USA.

Lolu hlobo lwaluhlanganisa izimfanelo zehhashi elikhulu, elihle, eliqinile, elidonswa kalula, elikwazi ukuthwala inqola esindayo lapho lihamba kancane, elibekezelela kalula ukushisa nokubanda ngesikhathi somsebenzi. Phakathi kwabantu, i-Oryol trotter yaklonyeliswa ngezici “ngaphansi kwamanzi nombusi” kanye “nokulima nokubukisa.” I-Oryol trotters isiphenduke izintandokazi zemiqhudelwano yamazwe ngamazwe kanye ne-World Horse Shows.

Izici zangaphandle zohlobo

Ama-Oryol trotters aphakathi kwamahhashi amakhulu. Ukuphakama ekubuneni 157-170 cm, isisindo isilinganiso 500-550 kg.

I-Oryol trotter yesimanje ihhashi elisalungiswa elakhiwe ngokuvumelana, elinekhanda elincane, elomile, intamo ephakeme enejika elinjenge-swan, iqolo eliqinile, elinemisipha kanye nemilenze eqinile.

Imibala evame kakhulu grey, grey light, red grey, dappled grey, kanye grey emnyama. Ngokuvamile kukhona futhi i-bay, emnyama, kancane kancane - imibala ebomvu ne-roan. Brown (obomvu onomsila omnyama noma omnyama kanye nomhlwenga) kanye ne-nightingale (ophuzi onomsila okhanyayo kanye nomhlwenga) Ama-Oryol trotters ayivelakancane kakhulu, kodwa nawo ayatholakala.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza nezimpumelelo

I-Orlovsky trotter iyinhlobo eyingqayizivele engenawo ama-analogues emhlabeni. Ngokungeziwe emijahweni yokuntweza, i-Oryol trotter enkulu nenhle ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemidlalo yamahhashi - i-dressage, show jumping, ukushayela kanye nokugibela i-ateur nje. Isibonelo esihle salokhu yi-stallion empunga ekhanyayo u-Balagur, kanye nomgibeli wakhe u-Alexandra Korelova, uphumelele ngokuphindaphindiwe imincintiswano yokugqoka esemthethweni neyezentengiselwano eRussia nakwamanye amazwe.

UKorelova noBalagur, ababambe indawo ku-25 ephezulu ye-International Equestrian Federation, bebeyinombolo yokuqala eRussia isikhathi eside futhi bathatha umhlabeleli kubo bonke abagibeli baseRussia, abangama-2004, kuma-Olympics ase-Athens ngo-XNUMX.