I-Leptospirosis ezinjeni

I-Leptospirosis yisifo se-zoonotic, okusho ukuthi lesi sifo singadluliselwa kusuka ezilwaneni kuya kubantu. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwezinja kuthinta ngqo impilo yethu.

Izinja zazo zonke izinhlobo neminyaka zingenwa kalula yizifo. Isici esibalulekile kungaba izimo zezilwane.

Lesi sifo sikhona kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Kodwa kuvame kakhulu ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele kanye nemvula ephezulu yonyaka. Lesi isifo esiyingozi esizibonakalisa ngezimpawu ezihlukahlukene futhi ngokuvamile sibulala izinja.

Inkambo yesifo

I-Leptospirosis ezilwaneni izibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukene: ingenzeka ngezinhlobo ezinzima, ezincane, ezingapheli. Lesi sakamuva sivame ukuphenduka inqola ye-asymptomatic leptospiron. Izinja zingagula kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya eminyakeni eminingana. Isikhathi esicashile senkambo yesifo (okungukuthi, kusukela lapho amagciwane engena emzimbeni kuze kube yilapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala) yizinsuku ezingu-4-14.

I-leptospirosis idluliselwa kanjani?

I-Leptospira isakazwa ngokuqondile (ngokuthintana nesikhumba esilimele, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila olungaphelele ngomchamo onegciwane, ubisi, indle, isidoda) noma kaningi ngokungaqondile (ngendawo yangaphandle, izinto zasendlini). Ukuminyana kwezilwane kungase kwandise amathuba okutheleleka (isibonelo, ukugcina izinja ezindlini).

I-Leptospira ingaphila izinyanga emhlabathini omanzi nasemanzini. Futhi amagundane athwala impilo yonke ye-leptospira. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ngemva kokuphuza amanzi echibini elimile, ukudla igundane, noma ukukhwelana nenja enegciwane, isilwane esifuywayo sisengozini yokuthola i-leptospirosis.

Ngakho-ke, izici eziyinhloko zobungozi bokutheleleka nge-leptospirosis zimi kanje:

• ukuthintana ngqo nezilwane ezinegciwane;
• ukuthintana nendawo engcolile (isibonelo, imizimba yamanzi, inhlabathi).

Izimpawu ze-Leptospirosis Ezinjeni

Ukutheleleka kwe-Leptospiral kungabangela izinhlobonhlobo zezibonakaliso zomtholampilo, kusukela ezimpawu ezithambile, ezizibekela umkhawulo kuye kwezimo ezinzima, ezisongela ukuphila.

Futhi, izimpawu zomtholampilo ze-leptospirosis ezinjeni zihluka ngendlela yesifo, isimo se-immunological yesilwane, izici zemvelo ezithinta umzimba wesilwane, kanye "nolaka" lwe-pathogen.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezivame kakhulu ze-canine leptospirosis umkhuhlane, ukuthuthumela, nobuhlungu bemisipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuthakathaka, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, ukukhwehlela, ukuphuma emakhaleni, i-jaundice yolwelwesi lwamafinyila olubonakalayo kanye nesikhumba. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-coagulation kanye nokulimala kwe-vascular kungase kwenzeke, kuboniswa yi-hematemesis, i-blood stools (melena), i-epistaxis, nokukhishwa kwesikhumba. Izilwane ezigula kakhulu zisesimweni sokungazi lutho, aziphenduli ekushukunyisweni kwangaphandle futhi azikwazi ngokuzimela ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba elivamile.

Ubuqili besifo, ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezibanzi, futhi yiqiniso lokuthi singaqhubeka ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa.

Ukuxilonga lokhu kutheleleka kanye nezinqubo ze-pathological ezihambisana nenja, kuyadingeka ukuthatha i-anamnesis, ukwenza ukuhlolwa komtholampilo, ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-hematological kanye ne-serological (ukuthola izinga elikhulayo lama-antibodies ku-leptospira), i-PCR, i-urinalysis, futhi, uma kudingekile, wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound komgodi wesisu. , ukuhlolwa kwe-x-ray.

Ingozi kubantu

Lokhu kufanele kukhulunywe futhi futhi nangaphezu kwesisodwa, ngoba ukutheleleka kwe-leptospiral kubonwa njenge-zooanthroponosis evame kakhulu, ethatha indawo yokuqala ngokuya ngobunzima benkambo yomtholampilo, imvamisa yokufa kanye nemiphumela yomtholampilo yesikhathi eside abantu. 

Emazweni athuthukile, izimo eziningi ze-leptospirosis kubantu zivela emisebenzini yokuzijabulisa esebenzisa amanzi. Abantu abahlangana nezilwane zasemapulazini nabo basengozini. Emazweni asathuthuka, indawo yokugcina izifo kubantu izinja namagundane alahlekile.

Kubantu, izimpawu zesifo zenzeka ngemva kwesikhathi sokufukamela (ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa komtholampilo), esingahlala ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-2, futhi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu. Lesi sifo singahlala singenazimpawu kwabanye abantu (subclinical). Abanye bangase babe nesifo esinjengomkhuhlane. Ukubonakaliswa okunzima kakhulu kwe-leptospirosis yisibindi, ukwehluleka kwezinso, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukulimala kuzo zonke izinhlelo zezitho, kuhlanganise nenhliziyo, ukuphefumula kanye nezinhlelo ze-genitourinary (ukwehluleka kwezitho eziningi).

Ukwelashwa kwe-leptospirosis ezinjeni

Ukwelashwa kwe-canine leptospirosis kuncike ekuqineni kokutheleleka. Izilwane ezinokuxilongwa okuqinisekisiwe, kanye nezilwane ezinesithombe somtholampilo nomlando, kodwa ngaphandle kokuxilongwa okuqinisekisiwe okwamanje, kufanele zithole inhlanganisela yemithi elwa namagciwane kanye nokwelashwa kokulondolozwa.

Isisekelo sokwelashwa yi-antibiotic therapy. Ama-antibiotics anconyiwe ezinja ezine-leptospirosis ama-penicillin derivatives noma i-doxycycline. Umzila wokuphatha ngomlomo (ngokudla noma emlonyeni ngenkani). Uma isilwane sinokuhlanza, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, i-anorexia, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic parenterally (intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly).

Futhi, ukunakekelwa okufanele ekwelashweni kunikezwa ekwelashweni kwesondlo inqobo nje uma isimo sesiguli sikudinga (ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, i-hypoglycemia, ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, njll.). Izilwane ezine-leptospirosis zingase zidinge amazinga ahlukene okunakekelwa okusekelayo, kuye ngobunzima besifo kanye nezinhlelo zezitho ezithintekile. Izincomo zihlanganisa ukubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni ngokwelashwa koketshezi nge-intravenous (droppers), ukulungiswa kokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte kanye ne-acid-base, kanye nokwelapha okuyizimpawu (ama-antiemetics, imithi yobuhlungu, ukwesekwa komsoco).

Uma inja ingadli yodwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu, kufanele kubekwe ithubhu lokuphakela. Ivumela ukudla ukuthi kuhanjiswe ngokuqondile esiswini, kudlule umgodi womlomo futhi ngaphandle kokucasula ukudla enja, kuyilapho kugwema ukungabaza kwesiguli ukudla.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukumpontshelwa igazi, i-hemodialysis, ukungena komoya wokufakelwa kwamaphaphu (ALV) kungadingeka.

Ukuvuselelwa

Uma utheleleke nge-leptospirosis, ukwelashwa okuphelele kungenzeka. Kodwa, uma lesi sifo siqhubeka nezinkinga (isibonelo, umsebenzi wezinso okhubazekile), ukutakula kungase kuqhubeke izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemva kokuqiniswa kokuqala kwesimo sesilwane. Konke kungenziwa ngaphandle kokulaliswa esibhedlela, uma isimo sesiguli sikuvumela, kodwa kunezimo ezidinga ukuqapha nsuku zonke ngudokotela wezilwane, bese inja ifakwa esibhedlela sezifo ezithathelwanayo. Futhi-ke, ngemva kokukhishwa, isilwane esinjalo sibhekana nokuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe, kuqala njalo ngemva kwamasonto angu-1-3, bese kuthi kanye ezinyangeni ezingu-1-6.

Izinkinga ngemuva kokugula

Izinkinga eziyinhloko ngemva kwe-leptospirosis zichazwe ngenhla futhi ukuthuthukiswa kokuhluleka kwezinso okungapheli kanye nokulimala ohlelweni lwe-hepatobiliary (encephalopathy, ascites, njll. kungase kwenzeke) kwezinye izinja. Lezi zimo azisalapheki ngokuphelele futhi zidinga ukuqapha ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuvakashela udokotela wezilwane.

Izindlela zokuvimbela

Enye yezinto eziyingozi yokutheleleka ezinjeni ukuxhumana nezilwane ezigulayo kanye nokuphuma kwazo kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izinja ezinegciwane futhi ulandele imithetho yokuhlanzeka, sebenzisa ama-antiseptics lapho usebenza nazo, ukuze ungadluliseli i-pathogen kwezinye izilwane.

Ukugoma kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izifo ezinjeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezilandelayo:

• ukubulawa kwamagciwane emagcekeni, izindawo ezingaphandle, izinto zasendlini ezazisetshenziswa izinja ezinegciwane;
• akuvunyelwe ukungenisa izinja ezigulayo nezibuyiselwe ezindlini;
• ungazondli izinja ezingaqinisekisiwe ngudokotela wezilwane;
• ungavumeli izilwane ezingagonyelwe i-leptospirosis ukuba zibambe iqhaza emibukisweni nasemicimbini;
• ungahambi nezinja emgwaqweni ezingazange zigonyelwe i-leptospirosis nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ngesikhathi;
• ungavumeli izinja ukuba zigeze emanzini amile, kuhlanganise nalezo ezingaphakathi kwedolobha;
• kunconywa ukushada kuphela uma bobabili abantu begonyelwe i-leptospirosis nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo phakathi nesikhathi esinqunyiwe;
• ukuqinisekisa ukuqothulwa kwamagundane ngendlela ehlelekile ezakhiweni ezihlala abantu kanye nasendaweni yendawo;
• izinja kufanele zizikhulule emanzini amile, lapho ezinye izilwane nabantu, ikakhulukazi izingane, bengeke bakwazi ukufinyelela khona;
• inja egulayo kufanele ihlukaniswe kokubili kwezinye izilwane nakubantu abangazi lutho;
• lapho usebenza nezilwane ezinamagciwane, imfucuza yazo (umchamo, indle) nezinto zasendlini ezingcolile (izitsha, amathreyi, njll.), amagilavu ​​e-latex, izifihla-buso nezibuko kufanele kusetshenziswe (lapho ugeza izindawo ezingcolile ngamapayipi).

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela ngokumelene ne-leptospirosis ukugoma! Lesi sifo kulula ukusinqanda kunokwelapha.

Ukugonywa kweCanine leptospirosis

I-Leptospirosis ingavinjelwa ngokugoma. Izilwane ezinempilo enempilo kusukela emavikini angu-8 ubudala zingaphansi kwayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukugoma kuzovikela inja kuphela ezinkingeni ezimbalwa ze-agent causative ye-leptospirosis, ebhekwa njengevame kakhulu. Futhi uma inja ihlangana nohlobo olungagonywanga ngalo, isifo sisengakhula. Ngemuva kokugoma, ukuvikeleka kwenzeka ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14 kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-12.

Ukugoma kusebenza kahle kakhulu uma uhlelo lokuqala nokubuyiselwa kabusha komgomo kulandelwa ngokuqinile, ngokwezincomo ezamukelwe. Ukubuyisela kabusha kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka.

Izinja ezingazange zigonyelwe i-leptospirosis isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-18 kufanele zithole imithamo emi-2 yomuthi wokugoma amaviki angu-3-4 ngokuhlukana, njengokungathi zigonywe okokuqala ngqa ekuphileni kwazo.

Izinja ezisengozini enkulu ezindaweni ezinobusika obubandayo kufanele zigonywe entwasahlobo.

Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokugoma i-leptospirosis, ehlukile komunye nomunye ekubunjweni kobuningi be-serovars (izinhlobo) ze-leptospira:

1. Imithi yokugoma ye-2-serovar (i-Nobivac Lepto, i-Netherlands yemvelaphi), i-Eurican (i-France yemvelaphi), i-Vangard (i-Belgium yemvelaphi);

2. Imithi yokugoma enama-serovar angu-3 (i-Eurican multi, izwe lokukhiqiza i-France), i-Multican (izwe elikhiqizayo i-Russia);

3. Imithi yokugoma enama-serovar angu-4 (Nobivac L4, Netherlands).

Izinzuzo zokugoma zidlula kude ingozi engase ibe khona esilwaneni, futhi ukusabela okungekuhle kuyivelakancane. Umkhiqizi ngamunye uqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo wabo ngezifundo eziningi.

Kunoma yikuphi, ngemva kokuba umgomo unikezwe, ungahlala emtholampilo wezilwane imizuzu engu-20-30 ukuze ubone ukusabela komzimba wesilwane emthini owenziwe.

I-athikili ayikona ukubizela esenzweni!

Ukuze uthole ukucwaninga okuningiliziwe kwenkinga, sincoma ukuthi uxhumane nochwepheshe.

Buza udokotela wezilwane

17 September 2020

Kubuyekezwe: February 13, 2021