Indlela yokunquma ubulili benkukhu: itshwele leqhude noma inkukhu yenkukhu

Umbuzo wokuthi unganquma kanjani ubulili benkukhu ubuzwa abanikazi abaningi bezindlu kanye nabalimi be-novice, kubo kubaluleke kakhulu. Inkukhu yesikhathi esizayo izoba ngubani, inkukhu noma i-cockerel, ngifuna ukwazi kusukela ekuqaleni. Phela izinkukhu zizobekela amaqanda zinikeze inyama enhle nezimpaphe. Uma lokhu akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu, khona-ke ama-cockerel akhethiwe.

Izindlela zabantu - indlela yokunquma ubulili benkukhu

Ukuxazulula le nkinga (indlela yokunquma ubulili benkukhu) kunezindlela eziningana. Futhi kule ndaba, ukuhlakanipha kwabantu akukhona ukuthi kungaphansi kwesayensi futhi kusetshenziswa ekusebenzeni ngokulingana nazo zonke izindlela zesayensi. Ngakho-ke ake sizibheke ngokulandelana:

1. Enye indlela yokubona ubulili betshwele iwukubamba ngentamo bese ubheka ukuthi itshwele liyibamba kanjani imilenze yalo. Inkukhu yesifazane, okungukuthi, inkukhu, izozama ukusonta izinzipho zayo futhi iphakamise imilenze yayo. Kodwa kumuntu ngamunye "indoda" izidladla zizolenga ngokulinganayo.
2. Indlela yesibili yokunquma ubulili benkukhu ukufunda ukuziphatha kwayo lapho ibanjwe imilenze yayo. Ngokwale ndlela, izinkukhu ezizayo zizophakamisa amakhanda azo phezulu, futhi iqhude lesikhathi esizayo lizolenga ngokuthula.
3. Ebukhoneni be-incubator, ungabona ukulandelana kokuthi amaphuphu okuqala achanyuselwa ezimweni eziningi yizikhukhukazi, futhi lawo avela kamuva azoba amaqhude.
4. Njengoba bekhula, abesifazane nabesilisa baziphatha ngendlela ehlukile komunye nomunye. Uma izinkukhu cishe amasonto amathathu ubudala noma ngaphezulu, khona-ke esimweni esicindezelayo kubo, ziziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ngokobulili bazo. Uma ubesabisa, khona-ke ama-cockerel esikhathi esizayo azoma ekuvikeleni amakhanda awo aphakeme futhi aphezulu. Kodwa-ke, izinkukhu zizozenza sengathi azinyakazi, zehlise amakhanda azo futhi zihlale phansi.
5. Ungakwazi nokunquma ubulili benkukhu ngombala we-scallop. Ezinkukhuni, incane futhi iphuzi. Nakuba kwabesilisa ibonakala kakhulu futhi inombala obomvu. Lokhu kuvumela amatshwele ukuthi ahlungwe ngokunemba okukhulu.
6. Ngombala we-fluff, ungakwazi futhi ukunquma izinkukhu zesilisa nezinsikazi. Izinkukhu zezinhlobo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene zinezindawo ezingavamile emakhanda noma imithende, kodwa ezinkukhuni ze-cockerel, lezi zimpawu ezihlukanisayo azikho. Olunye uphawu izimpaphe. Kulula kakhulu ukunquma ubulili bezinkukhu kuwo, ama-cockerel agijima kamuva kunezinkukhu.

Izindlela zesayensi zokunquma ubulili benkukhu

Ngaphezu kwalezi zibonakaliso zasendulo, zikhona futhi izindlela zesayensi ukunquma ubulili betshwele. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Indlela yaseJapane
• indlela ye-cytogenetic
• izakhi zofuzo zamangqamuzana.

I-Ventsecig noma indlela yaseJapane

Le ndlela yokuzimisela yasungulwa engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili eJapane. Iqukethe ekuhloleni amatshwele usuku ubudala ukubukeka cloaca futhi ukuthola i-tubercle yesitho sangasese odongeni lwayo lwangaphakathi, ngoba ihluke kakhulu ngobukhulu kanye nokuma kwezinkukhu namaqhude. Okwamanje, le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ekufuyweni kwezinkukhu emhlabeni wonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izibalo zibonisa ukuthi le ndlela ivumela opharetha abaqeqeshwe kakhulu abanokuhlangenwe nakho okude komsebenzi ukunquma ubulili benkukhu encane ngokunemba kwe-92-96%, kuyilapho isivinini somsebenzi sifinyelela kubantu abangu-600-800 ngehora. .

Ububi be-ventsexing ukuthi kungenzeka ukutheleleka kwabantu abane-microflora yamathumbu, kanye nokulimala.

Le ndlela inconywa ukuthi yenziwe ngezikhathi ezithile amahora ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nesithupha ngemva kokuchanyuselwa amatshwele, khona-ke kubantu ngabanye izici zobulili seziqala ukushelela futhi kunzima kakhulu ukunquma inkukhu noma i-cockerel.

Umjikelezo ogcwele wokunquma ubulili uqukethe lezi zinqubo ezilandelayo: ukuthatha itshwele, ukuhlola isimo, ukuthulula okuqukethwe kwe-rectum bese uvula i-cloaca yomuntu ngamunye. Khona-ke wonke amatshwele asakazwa emabhokisini ahlukene kuye ngobulili bawo. Ukuze uhlanze i-rectum, sebenzisa isithupha, inkomba kanye neminwe ephakathi yesandla lapho itshwele litholakala khona ukuze ulikhame esiswini nasemaceleni. Bese, uyibambe esandleni sakho, uyiphendulele phansi, bese ubamba imilenze ngesinye isandla futhi uyincinze phakathi kweminwe ephakathi nendawo. Akudingekile ukukhama itshwele ngokuqinile, njengoba lokhu kuzokwenza kube nzima ukuhlola.

Ukuvulwa okulungile kwe-cloaca yisikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni ubunikazi betshwele. Ngemva kokumisa umuntu kulesi sikhundla, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphendule ngokucophelela udonga lwangaphakathi lwe-cloaca ngaphandle ohlangothini lwesisu. Ebusweni balesi sigaba, abesilisa bazoba ne-tubercle yesitho sangasese, izinkukhu ezingeke zibe nazo.

Indlela ye-Cytogenetic

Le ndlela isekelwe ekunqumeni ubulili benkukhu yosuku nge-karyotype yamangqamuzana e-pulp asebenza ngokushesha. I-chromosome yobulili engu-Z kwabesilisa iyi-metacentric ende ye-karyotype, kodwa ezikhukwini, i-W-chromosome incane ngokuphindwe ka-10 kune-W-chromosome iyi-submetacentric. Ngenombolo yama-Z-chromosomes, umuntu angakwazi ukunquma ubulili bomuntu ngamunye ngokufunda i-mitosis yamaseli ophahleni losiba ngendlela ye-cytogenetic. Uma kunechromosome eyodwa kuphela, khona-ke lokhu kuyinkukhu, uma kukhona ama-chromosome amabili, khona-ke lokhu kubonisa ubulili besilisa.

Indlela yofuzo yamangqamuzana

Le ndlela ihlanganisa ithuba lokunqunywa kobulili ngokuvala ukuxutshwa kwe-DNA yegazi nge-primer ethile. Ubulili bomuntu osemusha bunqunywa ngokunemba kokubili ekuhlaziyeni amasampula e-DNA ehlanzekile kanye lapho ufunda igazi lonke, ama-erythrocyte ahlanziwe. Nokho, indlela yofuzo yamangqamuzana iyabiza futhi idla isikhathi.