Indlela amakati namakati awubona ngayo umhlaba wethu

Izici zombono wamakati

Amehlo ekati ayamangaza ngokwawo. Ngokuphathelene nobukhulu bomzimba wezilwane ezifuywayo ezinama-mustachioed ne-purring, zikhulu kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yesimo se-convex, zinikeza umbono ofika ku-270 degrees, odlula umkhawulo womuntu. Umbala wamehlo wezinhlobo ezahlukene awufani, uyahlukahluka kusuka kwegolide-ukukhanya kuya eluhlaza okumnyama. Kukhona amakati anamehlo aluhlaza, isibonelo, isiBurma.

Ngaphezu kwekhono elimangalisayo labafundi lokukhula kanye nenkontileka kuye ngamandla okukhanya okuguquguqukayo, okubonisa ngesikhathi esisodwa isimo sengqondo nemizwa yesilwane sethu esifuywayo, ukuba khona kwejwabu leso lesithathu esweni lekati nakho kuyahlaba umxhwele. Idlala indima yokuvikela, ivikela isitho sombono ekomeni, imizimba yangaphandle kanye nokulimala okungenzeka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubameleli abadlayo bomndeni wekati, ngesikhathi sokuzingela, bedabula emahlathini ahlukahlukene. Ukuze ubone ijwabu leso lesithathu, akudingekile neze ukubheka emehlweni engwe noma ibhubesi - libuye libonakale ngokuphelele kumakati asekhaya. Kwanele ukubamba isilwane esifuywayo esimweni esikhululekile ngamehlo avaliwe.

Nokho, amakati awubona kanjani umhlaba wethu? Kuye kwafakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi umbono wamakati afuywayo unohlobo lwe-binocular, olubonakala ngokukwazi ukubona ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokucacile isithombe sento ngamehlo womabili. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokugqagqana kwezindawo ezihloliwe ngendlela ethile. Le ndlela yombono obonakalayo weqiniso elizungezile ibalulekile hhayi kuphela ekuqondeni endaweni, kodwa futhi isebenza njengethuluzi elibalulekile ekuzingeleni, okukuvumela ukuba unqume ngokunembile ukuthi inyamazane ikuphi. Izici zesakhiwo samehlo nazo zisiza ikati ukuthi liphendule ngokushesha ezintweni ezihambayo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke kulabo abahamba ngokuvundlile phezulu.

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yendawo yamehlo ekujuleni kogebhezi, ukunyakaza kwawo kulinganiselwe, futhi ukuze ubuke izinto ezitholakala ezinhlangothini, isilwane kufanele siphendule intamo yaso. Uma udlala naye, uvame ukuqaphela ukuthi ikati linikina ikhanda phezulu naphansi ngaphambi kokugxuma. Ukunyakaza okunjalo kushintsha i-angle yombono wakhe, okuvumela ukubalwa okunembe kakhudlwana kwebanga lokuya esilwaneni. Ngokuqondene nezinto ezimile, amakati awaboni kahle. Kuyasiza ukulandelela inyamazane kanye nesakhiwo esingavamile somfundi: iqondile emakati (ngokungafani nomuntu oyindilinga), okuthi, kuye ngenani lokukhanya, landa kakhulu noma linciphise.

Ukubona amakati ebumnyameni

Akungabazeki ukuthi amakati angabona kahle ebumnyameni. Kodwa kuhle kangakanani? Futhi ingabe izitho zabo zokubona ziyakwazi ukuhlukanisa noma yini ebumnyameni obukhulu?

Ikhono lokubona ebusuku libangelwa izici zesakhiwo se-retina kuma-muroks. Ifakwe izinduku namacones, okungukuthi, ama-receptors afanayo ne-retina yeso lomuntu. Nokho, kukhona futhi umehluko. Isibonelo, amakati anama-cones ambalwa, anesibopho sokubona umbala, kunezintambo. Futhi ngokuphawulekayo: izikhathi ezingu-20-25. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amehlo ezilwane ezidliwa yizilwane zasekhaya ezinama-mustachioed afakwe ama-receptors azwela ukukhanya. Ziningi zazo, ezivumela amakati ukuthi azulazule ezimeni eziphansi zokukhanya.

Udonga olungemuva lwe-retina luhlanganiswe ne-tapetum, into ekhethekile enezibuko zesibuko. Ngenxa yakhe, ukukhanya okuwela ezintini kubonakala kabili. Ngenxa yalokho, izilwane ezifuywayo ezinoboya ezimweni eziphansi zokukhanya zibona kangcono kakhulu kunomuntu - cishe izikhathi ezingu-7! Umbono wabo ebusuku muhle kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane. Ebumnyameni, amehlo amakati akhanya ngisho, okuvusa izinhlangano ezingaqondakali. Lesi sici sinquma i-tapetum efanayo.

Kunombono wokuthi amakati abona ngisho nasebumnyameni obuphelele, kodwa awuzange uqinisekiswe ucwaningo lwesayensi. Uma kungekho ngokuphelele imithombo yokukhanya, amakati, njengabantu, awakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto. Mhlawumbe yingakho amakati ezizwa ekhululekile emakamelweni amnyama? Zibuke ebumnyameni, futhi uzobona ukuthi zigxile ngokuphelele emkhathini, azikhubeki ezintweni ezizungezile, futhi zizingela ngempumelelo amagundane.

Ikati libona mibala miphi?

Kwakukholelwa ukuthi amakati abona umhlaba ngombala omnyama nomhlophe, awuboni umbala ngokuphelele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nkolelo-mbono yaphikiswa.

Yiqiniso, umbono wekati awunemibala ngokugcwele, okungukuthi, ababoni iqiniso elizungezile ngemibala ekhanyayo njengoba abantu benza. Umbono wombala “wamatilosi” asekhaya uthi ufiphele, abona umhlaba njengokungathi usenkungu. Isibonelo, imibala efana nobomvu, owolintshi nophuzi ayihlukaniseki ngokuphelele. Kodwa babona imibala eluhlaza, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nempunga ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umehluko phakathi kwe-blue and cyan, kanye nomhlophe, onsomi nophuzi, awulungiswa yizitho zabo zombono.

Kwakukhona nombono wokuthi amakati ayakwazi ukuhlukanisa i-shades eminingi ye-gray, okungukuthi mayelana ne-25. Isisekelo sale nguqulo sasiwukuthi amakati afuywayo avame ukudla amagundane namagundane, izinwele zawo ezinemibala e-gray-brown tones. Njengoba kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi ezimweni zokukhanya okubi, amehlo amakati agcina ikhono lokuhlukanisa grey, inguqulo yekhono lalezi zilwane ukuhlukanisa eziningi ze-shades zayo ingabhekwa njengeqinisekisiwe.

Kungase kubonakale kubafundi bethu abaningi ukuthi imvelo, "encisha" amakati okubona umbala ogcwele ekuqondeni komuntu, ngokuphawulekayo "incisha" isimo sabo sengqondo, yanciphisa. Eqinisweni, lezi zilwane azidingi amehlo azo ukuze zibe nezici ezinjalo - uma kuphela ngenxa yokuthi, ngokungafani nabantu, azipenda izithombe futhi aziqambi izinkondlo. Ikati liyisilwane esizingelayo, nakuba lifuywayo, futhi ukuzingela okuphelele nokuphila okunethezekile, asikho isidingo sokukhomba izinto ezizungezile ngombala. Phela, ukuze kufezeke imvelo yokuzingela, kubalulekile ukuthi i-Murka ingaphuthelwa ukunyakaza kwezilwane ezingase zibe khona endaweni. Futhi "i-trifle" enjalo njengombala wejazi, ukuqaliswa kwalo msebenzi akunandaba.

Uma ufuna ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nengxenye yombala wombono wekati, hlola umsebenzi womdwebi nomcwaningi waseMelika uNicolai Lamm. Ngosizo lwemifanekiso ethwebulayo, wazama ukubonisa ukuthi lezi zidalwa ezithambile ezicwebezelayo zibona ngayiphi imibala iqiniso elizungezile. Inkosi yakha imisebenzi yakhe ngokubandakanyeka kwama-ophthalmologists, ama-felinologists nabanye ochwepheshe, okungukuthi, akukho gag eseduze-yesayensi kubo.

Ebona ikati buqamama

Amakati ethu esiwathandayo, kuvela, "ahlupheka" ... ukubona kude, okungukuthi, yonke into ephambi kwawo ebangeni eliseduze kuka-50 cm, awahlukanisi. Ngakho-ke, lapho udlala nesilwane esifuywayo, asikho isidingo sokuletha ithoyizi eduze kakhulu emlonyeni wakhe. Kwenzekani phambi kwekhala labo, amakati "abona" ​​ngosizo lwephunga kanye ne-vibrissae. Ama-Vibrissae, izitho zenzwa ezikhethekile, ziyizintshebe, izinwele eziseduze kwamehlo (“amashiya”), emihlathini engenhla nangaphansi, ethwebula indawo ezungezile. Izingane ezincane, ezidlala namakati namakati amadala, ngezinye izikhathi zigunda lezi zakhiwo ezibalulekile, ngaleyo ndlela ziphuca izilwane ezifuywayo ekuboneni eduze.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ebangeni elingamamitha angu-1 kuya kwangu-20 (ngokweminye imithombo, ngisho nangama-60 m), amakati abona ngokucacile.

Ikati libonani esibukweni nakumabonakude?

Ngokuqinisekile ngamunye wethu okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe wabuka indlela amakati aziphatha ngayo phambi kwesibuko. Akunakwenzeka ukubheka lokhu ngaphandle kokuhleka: isilwane, sicindezele izindlebe zaso, sihlasela ngokoqobo, sigoba iqolo futhi sikhiphe amadevu aso. Esabela ngobudlova kangaka ekuzicabangeni kwawo, amakati awaboni nakancane ukuthi ayazibona. Eqinisweni, abesabi ukubonakaliswa okunjalo, kodwa ukuthi bakubona njengokukhona kwesinye isilwane, ulwazi olungadluliswanga ngama-receptors wokuzwa nokuthinta. Bamane bangaqondi ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi babone isihlobo sabo phambi kwabo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo abakwazi ngisho nokulizwa iphunga laso.

Ngokuqondene ne-TV, abacwaningi abaningi bathi abangani bethu abanemilenze emine babona ukucwayiza kuphela, kodwa izinto ezihamba esikrinini zisazithanda ngokwezinga elithile. Isibonelo, amakati athanda ukubuka izinhlelo ezikhuluma ngezilwane. Bona, ngaphandle kokususa amehlo abo, njengokungathi bayaphola, balandela ukundiza kwezinyoni, ukuzingela amahlosi, amabhubesi nezinye izinyamazane. Uma ucisha umsindo, ngeke kuthinte ikati nganoma iyiphi indlela, lizoqhubeka nokubuka. Kodwa uma nje ushintsha isiteshi, ikati lakho lizolahlekelwa isithakazelo kulokho okwenzeka esikrinini futhi lize liphume ngisho nasegunjini. Ukuthi amakati akhetha ukubona noma aqonde kanjani ukuthi “ezabo” noma izinyoni ezifanayo (into yokuzingela) ziboniswa ku-TV, ososayensi abakaqondi okwamanje.

Amakati ababona kanjani abantu?

Amakati abona umnikazi wawo, nabo bonke abantu, njengoba benjalo ngempela - ngobude, umzimba, isisindo somzimba, njalonjalo. Ngaphandle uma izilwane ezifuywayo ezinamadevu zisibona ngombala ohluke kancane. Uma umuntu eseduze, amakati ahlukanisa izici zobuso bakhe kabi, eqondiswa iphunga kuphela. Uma umnikazi ekude, isilwane sibona kuphela imidwebo yesibalo ngaphandle kwemininingwane eningiliziwe. Ezinye izazi zezilwane zibeka phambili inguqulo yokuthi amakati abona abantu njengezihlobo zabo ezinkulu ezibondlayo, ezibanakekelayo futhi ezibanakekelayo.

Yiba noma kunjalo, umbono wamakati afuywayo uhlukile. Kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi eye yavela endleleni ende yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile samehlo, indawo yabo ebusweni besilwane kanye nekhono lokubona isisulu esingase sibe khona ngisho nasezimweni eziphansi zokukhanya, amakati awakwazanga ukusinda kuphela phakathi nokukhethwa kwemvelo, kodwa futhi abe, mhlawumbe, abazingeli abaphumelele kakhulu uma beqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane. Ukwazi ngathi, bantu, ngezici zombono obonakalayo walezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zomhlaba ozungezile zisisiza ukuba siziqonde kangcono futhi sisondele nakakhulu kuzo.