UHamster Eversmann

Ama-hamster ayingxenye yamagundane, umndeni we-hamster. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-250 zalezi zilwane emhlabeni, ezimbili zazo ziyingxenye ye-hamster ye-Eversmann. Ziyafana ngokubukeka kwazo futhi zinezici zebhayoloji ezijwayelekile. I-hamster ka-Eversmann kanye ne-Mongolian izakhamuzi zase-steppe ezingenabungozi kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo ezinhle. Lolu hlobo luqanjwe ngomhambi odumile waseRussia kanye nesazi sezilwane - u-Eversmann E.A.

Izici zokubukeka, umsoco kanye nendawo yokuhlala yamagundane

Zombili izinhlobo zama-hamster ohlobo lwe-Eversmann zinezici ezivamile kanye nomehluko omncane, ngenxa yalokho zahlukaniswa izigaba ezihlukene.

Incazelo kanye nezici zokuhlala kwezilwane

I-hamster yaseMongolia ifana nosayizi wegundane, kodwa inkulu kancane. Incazelo yesilwane iqala ngosayizi. Ubude ukusuka kumqhele kuya esihlokweni somsila akuvamile ukuba budlule ku-15 cm. Umsila omfushane ukhula ufinyelele ku-2 cm. Esisekelweni sayo kukhona izinwele ezimpunga ezingaba ngu-1 cm ngosayizi. Ijazi likhanya ngaphandle kwamabala amnyama uphawu lohlobo esifubeni. Isisu, ingaphakathi lomsila nemilenze kumhlophe.

Ukudla okuvamile kwesilwane yizinambuzane ezincane, amakhambi amasha nezimpande. Izilwane zihlakaniphile futhi zihamba. Igundane elilodwa laseMongolia liyakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa enobubanzi obungamamitha angama-400. Indawo yokuhlala ichaza isizathu esenza ukuthi lezi zilwane ziqanjwe - indawo yesimanje yaseMongolia, enyakatho yeChina, nasezifundeni eziseningizimu yeTuva. Izilwane zithanda inhlabathi enesihlabathi, ngakho-ke zitholakala ikakhulukazi ogwadule kanye nama-semi-desert. Isici esinqumayo ubukhona bezitshalo zikasawoti kanye nezinhlamvu, i-hamster yaseMongolia ethanda ukuyidla ngaphezu kwakho konke.

Incazelo ye-hamster ye-Eversmann ayihluke kakhulu kweseMongolia. Ubude begundane busuka ku-100 kuya ku-160 mm, umsila ufinyelela ku-30 ​​mm. Uboya bufushane, buthambile bumhlophe, bumnyama, buyisihlabathi, bubomvu noma ingxube yawo yonke le mithunzi enesisu esimhlophe kanye nebala elinsundu esifubeni. Uma ubheka i-hamster ehlezi, ungase ungaboni umbala omhlophe wengxenye engezansi yomsila omfushane. Izidladla ezimhlophe zinama-tubercles eminwe. Ugebhezi luncipha lubheke endaweni yamakhala, ngenxa yokuthi umlomo wombhobho unomumo ocijile. Izindlebe zifushane, zinoboya.

Indawo lapho i-hamster ye-Eversmann ijwayele khona iwugwadule, ugwadule, ama-steppes anezitshalo zokusanhlamvu, izindawo ezimsulwa, izikhotha zikasawoti. Isimo esiyinhloko ukuthi inhlabathi akufanele ibe manzi ngokweqile. Indawo yokuhlala ihlanganisa indawo ephakathi kwemifula iVolga ne-Irtysh, emazweni aseMongolia naseShayina empumalanga. Ngokuqhubekayo kulokhu, ububanzi bezinhlobo zangaphambilini buqala. Ngasenyakatho, umngcele ugijima esifundeni saseChelyabinsk wehle uye eKazakhstan eduze nomfula iTobol kanye noLwandle lweCaspian eningizimu. Imingcele yasentshonalanga inqunywa yi-Urals ne-Ustyurt.

Ukudla kwe-hamster kwenziwa ngembewu yezitshalo zasendle noma ezitshaliwe. Kusukela ekudleni kwezilwane, i-rodent ithanda ama-voles, izingwejeje ezincane zomhlabathi, amatshwele ezinyoni ezincane.

Izici zomsebenzi wezomnotho

Izilwane zohlobo olucatshangelwayo ziphila impilo yasebusuku neyokuhlwa. Izindlu zihlomisa kalula. I-hamster imba umgodi ongashoni namagatsha amaningana. Indawo yokungena enkulu ingamasentimitha angama-30 kuphela ubude.

Amagundane angakwazi ukulala noma anciphise umsebenzi wawo ngesikhathi esibandayo. Izilwane ezifuywayo azilali.

Izifundo zomsebenzi wezomnotho wama-hamster alezi zinhlobo aziqinisekisi indima ye-epidemiological, kanye nokubangela ukulimala okukhulu ekulimeni okusanhlamvu.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-Eversmann hamster ne-Mongolian

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zomndeni owodwa wama-hamster?

•  Umbala wejazi. Igundane laseMongolia lilula, alinayo indawo emnyama esifubeni;
•  I-hamster ka-Eversmann ingakhula kancane kunomunye wakhe;
•  Isilwane saseMongolia siyahluka ngokwesakhiwo sangaphakathi sezigubhu ezizwayo, ezivuvukele kakhulu. Lokhu kumnika ithuba lokukwazi ukuzwa ezindaweni ezikude futhi agweme ingozi engase ibe khona.

Izici zokukhiqiza kanye nezizathu zokunyamalala komndeni

Naphezu kokuzithoba kwezimo zokuphila nokudla, kwezinye izindawo zaseRussia, izilwane zafakwa eNcwadini Ebomvu. Izizathu zokunyamalala kwe-hamster ye-Eversmann ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-inorganic okwenziwa ngabantu emhlabathini. Kusacutshungulwa ithiyori mayelana namathuba oshintsho endaweni kanye nezimo zezulu zezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nenani elilinganiselwe lama-biotopes afanelekile emaphethelweni obubanzi.

Ama-hamster awasongelwa ngokuqothulwa nokushabalala ngokuphelele, njengoba abantu benza yonke imizamo yokulondoloza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Esifundeni saseChelyabinsk kukhona i-Red Book, lapho i-hamster ka-Eversmann ibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezingavamile zesigaba sesithathu. Lapha izilwane zivikelwe i-Arkaim Reserve Museum.

Ngokuvuna ukuvikelwa ekuqothulweni yi-fecundity enhle yamagundane. Kusukela maphakathi nentwasahlobo kuya kuMandulo, insikazi eyodwa ikwazi ukuzala amalitha ama-3 wamawundlu ayi-15. Izimo zokuphila zithinta inani lenzalo. Uma kunokuntuleka kokudla, ukushisa komoya obandayo noma isimo sokuphila esicindezelayo, kungase kube nezingane ezimbalwa, mayelana nabantu abangu-5-7. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila ye-hamster yezinhlobo ezichaziwe sisuka eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwemi-3, ekhaya - sifika eminyakeni emi-4.

Ukunakekelwa kwamagundane asekhaya

Ama-Hamsters ohlobo lwe-Eversmann enza izakhamuzi ezinhle kakhulu zasekhaya. Kulula ukuzinakekela futhi zenza kahle ekuthunjweni. Okuqukethwe kwezilwane zalolu hlobo akuhlukile kunoma iyiphi enye. Ikheji elikhululekile elinesondo lokugijima kanye nendlu evaliwe yokulala, isitsha sokuphuza, i-feeder, izesekeli, kanye nokudla okuvamile nokuhlanza indlu yangasese kuyisihluthulelo sempilo ende nejabulisayo yegundane.

Ikhaya le-hamster kufanele libe kude nelanga eliqondile, kufanele lihlale lingena umoya. Kwesinye isikhathi ungahlela ukuthi isilwane sakho sihambe siye "enkululekweni" nxazonke zendlu. Ukondla kwenziwa ngokudla okukhethekile, kabili ngosuku, ngesikhathi esifanayo.

I-Eversmann hamster iwuhlobo oludumile lwegundane elivame ukugcinwa ekhaya. Zinhle, azinangozi, ziletha imizwa eminingi emnandi. Izilwane ezinobungane ziba izilwane ezifuywayo eziyintandokazi zezingane kanye nabantu abadala. Ukunakekelwa okufanele kanye nesimo sengqondo sokunaka kuzozivumela ukuthi zijabulise abanikazi bazo isikhathi eside.