I-toxoplasmosis yezilwane: izimpawu, ukwelashwa, nokuvimbela

Ubunjalo besifo

I-Toxoplasmosis yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa i-protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. I-ejenti ye-causative ibonakala ngokusabalala okuphezulu, ukumelana nezici zemvelo zangaphandle (igcina ukusebenza kuze kube iminyaka engu-1,5 noma ngaphezulu) kanye nomjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa oyinkimbinkimbi. Ingatholakala kunoma iyiphi into noma ngaphezulu, kanye nasendaweni yasemanzini. I-Toxoplasma ihlala emzimbeni ongu-⅓ wabantu bomhlaba kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezingaphezu kwengxenye.

Enqubweni yokuthuthukiswa kwayo, i-protozoan idlula izigaba eziningana, futhi ngenxa yalokhu idinga ukushintsha abanikazi. Endaweni yangaphandle, i-parasite iqukethwe ngesimo se-cyst. Ukungena emzimbeni womsingathi ophakathi - isilwane, inyoni, umuntu, i-protozoan iqala ukuphindaphinda kakhulu ngokuhlukaniswa okubili futhi isakaze ngezicubu ngokwakheka okulandelayo kwama-cysts. Lapho lidla igundane noma inyoni enesifo, ikati liba umgcini wokugcina, lapho i-Toxoplasma izala khona ngokobulili.

Ukuzala kabusha okulula kakhulu kubangela ukuphazamiseka okuningi emsebenzini wazo zonke izinhlelo zezitho zomthwali, ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana, nokudakwa okukhulu. Ama-cysts akhiwe emzimbeni wekati akhululwa endaweni yangaphandle, lapho elinda khona umsingathi olandelayo ophakathi.

Ikati lingathola kanjani i-toxoplasmosis?

Ikati liyithola kanjani i-toxoplasmosis? Kunezindlela eziningi eziholela kulesi sifo:

• ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yenyama eluhlaza;
• ngenkathi ebamba amagundane, izinyoni;
• ukudla utshani obungenwe ama-protozoan cysts;
• ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi aqukethe i-parasite;
• ngokusebenzisa imihuzuko noma amanxeba, isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokulwa nelinye ikati;
• ukuthintana ngqo nesilwane esithwalayo;
• ngokusebenzisa ukutheleleka okungenwe umuntu (ngezicathulo).

Ngokuvamile, amakati asanda kuzalwa atheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhula kwengane noma ngesikhathi sokuncelisa. Njengomthetho, iningi lezingane liyafa. Uma umuntu ekwazi ukusinda, khona-ke ukuba khona kwakhe kuhambisana nezilonda ezinzima zesimiso sokuphefumula, isibindi, isimiso sezinzwa esiphakathi.

Izimpawu ze-Toxoplasmosis Emakati

Esikhathini sokuqala ngemva kokungena kwe-Toxoplasma emzimbeni wekati, azikho izimpawu. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, lesi sifo siqala ukuzibonakalisa ngendlela emnene. Ungasola i-toxoplasmosis ekatini ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukungabi nandaba nemvelo;
• ukulahlekelwa ukudla;
• isilwane siba buthakathaka, siphefumula kakhulu;
• ukuhlanza nokuqunjelwa;
• amehlo abukeka evuvukala, ukuphuzi kwe-mucous kungenzeka (ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwesibindi);
• ukunyakazisa amathiphu ezindlebe;
• isimo somkhuhlane.

Njengoba lesi sifo sikhula, izimpawu ziba sobala kakhulu - i-pathology idlulela esigabeni esibucayi. Izici zesici yilezi:

• imfiva, imfiva;
• ukukhishwa kwe-purulent emehlweni nasemakhaleni;
• amajaqamba;
• ukunganaki, ukukhathala, ukunganaki;
• ukuphefumula kanzima.

Esikhathini esibucayi sesifo, ikati liwumthombo wokutheleleka kwezilwane ezizungezile kanye nabantu. Okubaluleke kakhulu phakathi nalesi sikhathi ukucutshungulwa okufika ngesikhathi kwethreyi, ukunakekela ikati. Uma isilwane singumuntu omdala futhi sinamasosha omzimba aqinile, singase silulame maduzane. Uma kungenjalo, isilwane singafa, noma i-pathology ithola inkambo engapheli, ezibonakalisa ngokuntula ukudla, ukuncipha kwesisindo kanye namajaqamba emisipha njalo.

Izindlela zokuthola i-toxoplasmosis

Ukuxilongwa kwe-toxoplasmosis emakati kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zaselabhorethri nokuhlaziya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, igazi lithathwa esilwaneni ukuze lihlolwe i-serological, indle ukuze kutholakale ama-cysts, ama-swabs avela ku-mucosa yamakhala kanye nomgodi womlomo. Umphumela omuhle uyisignali yokwelashwa ngokushesha.

Indlela yokwelapha i-toxoplasmosis

I-toxoplasmosis ayigcini nje ngokukhula ngokumelene nesizinda sesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esivele sibuthakathaka, yimbangela yokuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziningi ze-gastrointestinal tract, isimiso sezinzwa, namaphaphu ekati. Uma i-toxoplasma itholakala, udokotela uzonikeza i-antimicrobial, antibacterial nezinye izidakamizwa.

Umthamo womuthi ngamunye ubalwa ngokusekelwe kwesisindo somzimba wesilwane, kucatshangelwa isimo saso kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu. Ukwengeza, kunconywa ukuconsa amaphilisi ezilwane ezifuywayo, i-glucose (nge-intravenously), izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-diuretic.

Ngokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi futhi okufanele, ikati liba ngcono ngokuphawulekayo ngosuku lwesithathu. Nokho, inkambo yokwelapha kufanele iqedwe ngokuphelele. Ngemva kokuphothulwa kwayo, kufanele uphinde uhlolwe ukuba khona kwe-Toxoplasma.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhambi esintu

Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yendabuko ukwelapha i-toxoplasmosis emakati kuyindaba yezempilo ephikisanayo. Kunezindlela eziningana ezifanele abantu, kodwa ukuthi izidakamizwa ezinjalo zinganikezwa izilwane akwaziwa, ngoba izingxenye eziningi zokwelapha ziqukethe izinto ezinobuthi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-toxoplasmosis, inselo, i-buckthorn, i-kupena nezinye izitshalo zisetshenziswa. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zithululwe ngamanzi abilayo ngesilinganiso: isipuni esisodwa sotshani obomile (noma izithelo, izimpande), ingilazi eyodwa yamanzi abilayo ithathwa. Ingxube ifakwe "ekugeza", igcinwe ingxenye yesine yehora, emva kokupholisa idluliswa ngesihlungo. Ikati linikezwa isipuni sekhambi kabili ngosuku.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinjalo, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze ungalimazi, umuntu akufanele acabangele izimpawu kuphela, kodwa futhi ubudala nesimo sesilwane.

Ingabe ikati lingathola i-toxoplasmosis futhi?

Ngemuva kokugula, amakati ahlakulela ukungatheleleki ku-Toxoplasma isikhathi esithile, ngakho-ke ukutheleleka kabusha akunakwenzeka ngokushesha (kuncike ekwelapheni okuphelele). Lesi sifo singafihlwa, futhi isimo sesilwane ngeke sishintshe. Kodwa-ke, lapho amandla okuzivikela ebuthakathaka kancane (isibonelo, ukuhlasela kwe-helminthic, ukucindezeleka), i-toxoplasmosis izozizwa izwakala ngesithombe somtholampilo esihambisanayo.

Lapho ikati liphinde latheleleka nge-Toxoplasma, i-protozoan ayisakhishwa ngendlela yama-cysts endaweni yangaphandle, kodwa iwakha ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zesilwane, ikakhulukazi ku-hematopoietic (ubende, isibindi) kanye nezicubu zobuchopho. Kungenzeka ukuqeda ngokuphelele i-parasite kuphela ngokwelashwa kwesikhathi eside nokuphikelelayo ngaphansi kokulawulwa njalo kwamasosha omzimba.

Ingabe lesi sifo sidluliselwa kubantu nasezilwaneni?

Nakuba umuntu noma isilwane, esifana nenja, siyisithako esimaphakathi se-Toxoplasma, lapho singenwe yilesi sifo, singase sibe nezimpawu zalesi sifo njengekati. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okulula kakhulu kubangela usongo olufanayo kubantu. Ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwamasosha omzimba, i-parasite ingahlala emzimbeni womuntu iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokuvusa izinsolo. Uma izivikeli zishiya okuningi okungafunwa, i-Toxoplasma ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo, ngisho nokufa.

I-Toxoplasmosis iyingozi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Umama wesikhathi esizayo angangenwa yikati elifuywayo futhi engazi. Ukuzivikela okubuthakathaka ngenxa yezinguquko ze-hormonal kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi i-protozoan inqoba kalula i-placenta futhi ithinte izitho ze-fetus, okubangela ukuphazamiseka. Kulokhu, ukuxilongwa kwe-toxoplasma esigabeni sokuhlela ukukhulelwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ingabe ukhona umuthi wokugomela i-toxoplasmosis?

Awukho umuthi wokugomela i-toxoplasmosis. Lokhu kusebenza kokubili amakati kanye nabantu, futhi kungenxa engavamile Toxoplasma. Ingqikithi yomgomo ukwethulwa kwe-ejenti engasebenzi emzimbeni ukuze kukhiqizwe amasosha omzimba. Futhi i-toxoplasma, ngokungafani namagciwane nezinye izifo, ikoloni emangqamuzaneni ezitho, ngakho-ke ngeke isebenze nayo ngendlela efanayo.

Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo kufanele iyekwe izenzekele. I-Toxoplasmosis ingavinjelwa ngokugoma, okuhloswe ngayo ukwandisa nokuqinisa amasosha omzimba wekati. I-Toxoplasma itholakala emzimbeni wesilwane (kanye nomuntu) nangaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, kodwa ekugxilweni okuphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke akubonakali njengokukhushulwa. Ngokushesha lapho ukuzivikela kwehla, inani le-protozoa landa kakhulu - isilwane siyagula futhi sibe umthombo wokutheleleka kwabanye.

Isibonelo somgomo onjalo yi-Multifel, enikezwa kanye ngonyaka, kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zesilwane esifuywayo.

Ukuvimbela i-toxoplasmosis

Ukuvimbela i-toxoplasmosis emakati, izincomo ezilandelayo kufanele zilandelwe:

• ukusekela ukuzivikela kwesilwane ngokugoma;
• vikela ekuxhumaneni nezilwane ezilahlekile nezingazijwayele;
• ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kusuka ku-helminths namazeze;
• hlinzeka ngokudla okunomsoco, okunokuqukethwe okwanele kwamavithamini;
• vimbela ukubanjwa kwamagundane, izinyoni;
• gcina ithreyi lihlanzekile;
• ungadli imikhiqizo yenyama eluhlaza (okuvunyelwe ngemuva kokuqhwaza okujulile isikhathi eside);
• qeda ukucindezeleka;
• thola ukuxilongwa kokuvimbela.

Umnikazi kufanele futhi aqikelele ukuthi ikati alizihoxi izicathulo zangaphandle. Akunconywa futhi ukushaya izilwane emgwaqweni, bese kuba isilwane sakho. Futhi nakuba lezi zinyathelo zingenakukwazi ukunikeza isiqinisekiso esingu-100%, amathuba okutheleleka kwe-toxoplasma azokwehla abe ubuncane kubo bobabili ikati nomnikazi.