Izinhlobo ezikhiqiza amaqanda ezinkukhu ezifuywayo: izici eziyinhloko zezinhlobo, izimiso zokukhetha nokondla

Umfutho wokuthuthukiswa kokufuywa kwezinkukhu, ikakhulukazi ukufuywa kwamaqanda, kwaba yisidingo esikhulayo sabantu basedolobheni semikhiqizo yokudla yemvelo. Yingakho ngekhulu le-18 kuya kwele-19 inqubo yokukhiqiza izinkukhu zamaqanda yaqala ukukhula kakhulu. Kusukela ngo-1854, isidleke sokulawula sasungulwa ngenjongo yokuqopha ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ezinkukhu.

Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni emkhakheni wokufuywa kwezinkukhu zamaqanda esikhathini sethu kusekelwe kuhlobo lwezinkukhu zakudala - uphondo olumhlophe. Ngesisekelo salolu hlobo, kwakhiwe iziphambano ezinokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda amakhulu, futhi amapulazi ezinkukhu ahamba phambili athola izingcezu ezingaba ngu-260 ngesikhukhukazi ngasinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphambano zezinkukhu ziyaziwa ekukhiqizeni, ezithwala amaqanda ngamagobolondo amhlophe namnyama. Iziphambano ezinamagobolondo anemibala zikhethwa kakhulu e-Italy, eNgilandi, e-USA, eJapan naseFrance.

Ngemva kokuhlaziywa okuqhathaniswayo kwezici zezinhlobo zezinkukhu kwenziwa, izinzuzo zeziphambano ezinsundu ngokuphepha, ukukhiqiza okuhle kakhulu, ukuhlunga ngobulili nokumelana nokucindezeleka kwezinkukhu zembulwa.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zamaqanda ezinkukhu?

Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinyoni ezibekela amaqanda luyabonakala ukuba khona kwezimfanelo eziningana:

1. Isisindo esincane (akukho ngaphezu kwe-2,5 kilogram);
2. Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kakhulu, okwenzeka ngokoqobo ezinsukwini ezingu-140 ngemva kokuzalwa;
3. Lezi zinhlobo zezinkukhu zizalela amaqanda egobolondweni elimhlophe ngosuku lwe-125 lokukhula;
4. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okuphezulu (cishe amaqanda angama-300 atholakala enyonini eyodwa), okubuye kuqinisekiswe ukuba khona kwamaqhude amahle epulazini.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke okungenhla, lezi zinkukhu zibuye zibe nokubukeka okuhle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke izinhlobo zezinkukhu ziyefana. Izimpaphe zabo eziminyene kahle zithuthuke kahle futhi ziseduze nomzimba. Amaphiko nomsila akhula abe mkhulu. Ekhanda kukhona i-crest eqondile enamazinyo ayisikhombisa.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinkukhu ezibeka amaqanda

Mhlawumbe uhlobo oludume kakhulu yiLeghorn, okuwuhlobo olukhuliswe kahle. Ukuzalanisa uhlobo bakwazi ukudala abalimi baseMelika.

Futhi ummeleli omuhle wezinkukhu ezibeka amaqanda uhlobo lwe-Isobrown, olukhuliswe amaFulentshi.

Ukuzalaniswa kwezinkukhu namaqhude, okuklanyelwe ukukhiqiza amaqanda amaningi, kunomphumela omuhle kakhulu ekubunjweni kwezolimo. Cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesimanje lwezinkukhu lungakwazi kakade ukubeka amaqanda angaba ngu-150 ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Ukuze uzuze imiphumela ephezulu, kufanele uhlale ulondoloza ukukhanya okuhle kakhulu okungenani. phakathi kwamahora angu-14 ngosuku. Ngokulandela le mibandela, umnikazi wepulazi lezinkukhu angaqiniseka ukuthi izinyoni zakhe zizonikeza amaqanda nsuku zonke.

Njengomthetho, ukushintshwa kwemfuyo kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka.

Iqanda lohlobo lwe-Leggor

Abokuqala abazuza ngokuzalaniswa okukhulu kwalolu hlobo lwezinkukhu namaqhude kwakungamaMelika. Izakhamuzi ezimatasa zaleli zwe zaqala ukutadisha izinhlobo eziyinhloko ukuze zizale izinyoni ezazizokhiqiza amaqanda amaningi. Ngakho, uhlobo lwe-Leghorn lwakhuliswa.

ENtshonalanga, lezi zinyoni, kuhlanganise namaqhude, zithole udumo, futhi kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, lolu hlobo lwalethwa ezweni lakithi. Lezi zinyoni zibhekwa njengezinkukhu ezinhle kakhulu zokubeka, kodwa chamisela amaqanda kabi, ngakho-ke indlela yokuzalanisa uhlobo ngosizo lwezinkukhu ze-brood ngeke isebenze.

Ngokwalo, uhlobo lwezinkukhu namaqhude luqukethe izinyoni ezincane nezithambile ezinemibala ehlukene yezimpaphe - ezinsundu, ezimnyama kanye ne-fawn. Inkukhu endala ingafinyelela isisindo esingamakhilogremu amabili, kanti ukuthomba kwenzeka kusukela eminyakeni eyizinyanga ezine. Ngonyaka uyakwazi ukubhidliza amaqanda angaba ngu-200embozwe igobolondo eliminyene lomthunzi omhlophe ngaphandle kokuba khona kwamabala.

Zonke izinkukhu zalolu hlobo ziphila kahle kakhulu - cishe u-95% wamaqanda ku-incubator avundiswa. Amaqhude ama-Leggorn nezikhukhukazi zidla ngokusesilinganisweni - amaqanda ayishumi nambili adinga u-1,5 kg wokudla okudliwayo. Iziphambano ezimhlophe zizalela amaqanda kaningi kunezinye.

IsiRashiya esineqanda elimhlophe

Ngemuva kokuvela kohlobo lweLeggorn eRussia, imindeni yangasese, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimboni, yaqala ukuhlanganisa lezi zinyoni ngezinhlobo zendawo zezinkukhu namaqhude. Umphumela wemizamo enjalo kwaba ukuvela kohlobo lwaseRussia olumhlophe. Lolu hlobo lwagcina luvunyiwe ngo-1953.

Idatha Yezinyoni ihluke kwezinye izingqimba Ngokulandelayo:

• Ikhanda elincane elithuthukiswe kahle;
• Ikama elikhulu elimise okweqabunga;
• Izindlebe ezimhlophe;
• Isifuba esibanzi sangaphambili;
• Umzimba omude kanye nesisu esikhulu;
• Amaphiko aminyene futhi athuthuke kahle;
• Imilenze yobukhulu obuphakathi ayimbozwanga ngezimpaphe;
• Izimpaphe ezinombala omhlophe.

Amaqhude nezinkukhu zalolu hlobo zibonakala ngokungathobeki ekuzigcineni nasekuphakeleni. Lezi zinyoni zibhekwa njenge-omnivorous futhi zifinyelela isisindo esingaba ngu-1,8 kg. Amaqhude anesisindo esingaphezu kwezinkukhu (cishe 2,5 kg). Isisindo seqanda singaphezu kwamagremu angu-50, futhi ngonyaka le nyoni ithwala amaqanda angama-300.

I-Oryol oviparous

Lolu hlobo yilona oludala kunazo zonke eRussia, njengoba lolu hlobo lwazaliswa cishe emakhulwini amabili eminyaka edlule. Akekho owaziyo ngemvelaphi eqondile yezinyoni ze-Oryol, kodwa abafuyi baye bafakazela ukuthi okhokho babo Izinkukhu zase-Iranian namaqhude.

Uhlobo lwezinkukhu lwe-Oryol luhlukaniswa izici ezilandelayo:

• I-torso ephakanyisiwe emilenzeni enamandla futhi ephakeme;
• Ugebhezi luhlukaniswa ngethambo le-occipital elibanzi;
• Uqhwaku lugobile futhi lubukhali;
• I-crest incane futhi ilenga phansi nezinwele ezincane kuyo;
• Inyoni inentshebe namadevu;
• Umbala wezimpaphe ungahluka kusuka kobomvu kuye komhlophe;
• Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda - cishe izingcezu ezingu-200 ngonyaka.

Izindlebe zase-Ukraine

Lolu hlobo lwezikhukhukazi namaqhude lubalwa phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezibeka amaqanda kakhulu. Igama lohlobo livela eqinisweni lokuthi izindlebe zabo zivaliwe izinwele ezimpunga, njengesigqoko. Okuyinhloko Izici zomzimba zalolu hlobo lwezikhukhukazi namaqhude yilezi:

• Ikhanda leqhude nezikhukhukazi liphakathi ngobukhulu;
• Ikama elimise okweqabunga eliphinki;
• Amadlebe apendwe abomvu futhi ambozwe ama-sideburns;
• Uqhwaku oluncane olugobile;
• Intamo emfushane kanye nomhlane oqondile, okuyisici sakho kokubili amaqhude nezinkukhu;
• Imilenze ayimbozwanga ngezimpaphe;
• Umbala wezimpaphe umnyama-obomvu noma onsundu-bomvu.

Lolu hlobo lwezikhukhukazi namaqhude alunasizotha ngakho-ke, ngokudla okulinganiselwe, angaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu amabili (amaqhude amakhulu). Amaqanda angafika ku-160 angatholakala enyonini eyodwa ngonyaka. Iqanda lokuqala "i-earflaps yase-Ukraine" linikeza ezinyangeni ezinhlanu.

Izinkukhu ze-Hamburg

Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni luzaliswa eRussia ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu kanye nobungqabavu. Izinkukhu ze-Hamburg namaqhude zihlukaniswa izimpaphe ezinhle nosayizi omncane. Ngokuyisisekelo, lolu hlobo lwezinkukhu lupendwe mhlophe. Inyoni ikhiqiza amaqanda ayi-170 ngonyaka, futhi cishe u-85% wezinkukhu ziyasinda lapho zichanyuselwa.

I-Carpathian greenleg

Ngokusemthethweni, lolu hlobo lwabhaliswa ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule ePoland. Inyoni inhle kakhulu ngokubukeka - ingxenye eyinhloko yomzimba (isisu, amathanga nesifuba) imbozwe izimpaphe ezimnyama, kanti enye ibomvu. Amaqhude alolu hlobo ahlala ebukeka emangalisa kakhulu kunezikhukhukazi. Umhlwenga unombala osawolintshi ogqamile, i-crest ibomvu, nemilenze iluhlaza.

I-Carpathian greenlegs isilungele ukubeka amaqanda ngezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuthuthuka. Ngonyaka lolu hlobo lwezinkukhu ithwala amaqanda ayi-180. Cishe ayikho i-cholesterol emaqandeni alolu hlobo lwezinkukhu namaqhude. Yingakho lo mkhiqizo uwusizo kakhulu kumuntu.

Indlela yokubona isikhukhukazi esihle sokubeka?

Uma udinga ukukhetha uhlobo oluhle lwezinkukhu namaqhude, kufanele unake ukubukeka nokuziphatha kwenyoni. Lapho amaqhude nezinkukhu zihamba futhi zidla ukudla ngenkuthalo, zihlukaniswa imilenze ehlukanisiwe, khona-ke kufanele unake lolu hlobo lwezinkukhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lweqanda lezinkukhu namaqhude luhlukile isisu esithambile namacici akhanyayo.

Futhi, isici sokubeka izinkukhu yi-pigmentation, enyamalala ngenqubo yokukhiqiza okuphezulu kwamaqanda.

Ekwindla, ohlotsheni oluhle lwezikhukhukazi namaqhude, igobolondo leso, indawo engu-uXNUMXbuXNUMXb imilenze noqhwaku kuba luphaphathekile.

Ukondla izinyoni ezindala

Inkukhu ibhekwa njengenye yezilwane ezidla cishe yonke into futhi zihlukaniswa ngomzila omfushane wokugaya. Okokuqala, kufanele yondliwe ngokuphakelayo okugxilile, isibonelo, okusanhlamvu okunothiswe ngamaprotheni ezilwane nezinto ezine-nitrogen.

Njengomthetho, lokhu kudla kufanele kube u-2/3 wokudla kwenyoni, kanti ingxenye yesithathu esele idluliselwa ekudleni okunamandla ngendlela yamaminerali kanye nemfucuza yokudla. Ngesikhathi sokulala, inyoni idinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-calcium eningi. Uma ukudla kuqukethe inani elinganele salesi sici, uqala ukuchoboza ukhonkolo noma amaqanda.

Phakathi nenkathi kuze kube yilapho inyoni ibeka amaqanda, ukudla kwayo kufanele kube kusuka okusanhlamvu nokudla okulahlwayo. Lapho ubeka amaqanda, kubalulekile ukunikeza izinkukhu ezibeka ukudla okuhlanganisiwe (cishe ingxenye yesisindo esiphelele).

Ehlobo, kuhle ukuhamba izinkukhu endaweni ekhethekile, futhi ebusika kufanele zondliwe ngezitshalo zezimpande, ufulawa we-nettle kanye ne-clover. Konke lokhu kufanele kunikezwe izinyoni ngendlela ye-mash efudumele ekuseni.

Kufanele ibe yini indlu yezinkukhu?

Ngemva kokuba umlimi enqume ukukhetha inyoni, udinga ukuqala ukwakha ama-aviaries noma amakheji.

Imfuneko eyinhloko indawo efanele yendlu, yingakho kufanele ibe banzi. Inyoni kufanele ihambe ngokukhululeka kuyo lapho ivumelana naye. Uma abalimi behlose ukugcina izinkukhu ngaphansi kwezimo ezingakhululekile, ba kuzokwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwamaseli. Kulokhu, udinga ukuhlomisa ama-perches akhululekile lapho inyoni izobeka khona amaqanda.

Isimo esibaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuhlanzeka kwezakhiwo, ngoba amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic angakhula endlini yenkukhu engcolile.

Izinga lokushisa ehhokweni lezinkukhu kufanele ligcinwe lizungeze +200. Ukuze linganciphi, igumbi kufanele lifakwe kahle - ungqimba lokulala lubekwe phansi, futhi amafreyimu akhethekile afakwe emafasiteleni.

Kufanele futhi unakekele ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele, ngoba ngomoya onodaka, izinyoni zingathola izifo zokuphefumula. Kungaba kuhle ukufaka umoya ehhokweni lezinkukhu nsuku zonke.