Incazelo ye-reindeer: izici zohlobo, ukuziphatha, umsoco kanye nokuzala

I-reindeer iyisilwane esincelisayo se-artiodactyl somndeni wezinyamazane. Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo ezifuywa njengezilwane zokuthutha kanye nezilwane zasemapulazini, inqwaba yezilwane zasendle ziye zasinda engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Eurasia, eNyakatho Melika, eziqhingini, eNhlonhlweni yaseTaimyr nasemathafeni aseNyakatho Ekude. .

Incazelo yenyamazane

Ubude bomzimba wesilwane singamamitha amabili, isisindo saso sisuka kumakhilogremu ayikhulu kuya kwamakhulu amabili namashumi amabili, ukuphakama kwesilwane esincelisayo sisuka kwekhulu neshumi kuya kwekhulu namashumi amane amasentimitha. Ama-reindeer, ahlala eziqhingini zase-Arctic Ocean nase-tundra, angaphansi ngobukhulu kunozakwabo abaseningizimu abahlala ezindaweni ze-taiga.

Izinyamazane, kokubili iduna nensikazi, zinakho izimpondo ezinkulu kakhulu. Isiqu esikhulu eside sophondo sijika sibheke emuva bese siya phambili. Minyaka yonke, ngo-May noma ngo-June, ezinsikazi zikhipha izimpondo zazo, kanti ngo-November noma ngo-December, amaduna. Ngemva kwesikhashana, izimpondo ziyabuya. Ezimpondweni ezikhule kabusha, inani lezinqubo liyakhula, ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwazo kuba nzima kakhulu. Bafinyelela ekukhuleni okuphelele lapho beneminyaka emihlanu.

Uboya obude basebusika. Kulenga umhlwenga entanyeni yabo. Izinwele zoboya zi-brittle kakhulu futhi zilula, njengoba umnyombo wazo ugcwele umoya. Nokho, uboya benyamazane bufudumele kakhulu. Umbala woboya basebusika uyashintsha, kusukela cishe omhlophe kuya kumnyama. Ngokuvamile umbala ungaba i-variegated, ehlanganisa izindawo ezimnyama nezikhanyayo. Uboya basehlobo buthambile futhi bufushane kakhulu.

Umbala wayo umpunga-nsundu noma unsundu ngekhofi. Amazolo nezinhlangothi zentamo zilula. Uboya bezilwane zasehlathini bumnyama kunoboya benyamazane yaseNyakatho Ekude. Izinyamazane ezincane zinombala owodwa. Uboya bazo bunsundu ngokumpunga noma bunsundu. Amankonyane ezinyamazane kuphela aseNingizimu yeSiberia ahlukile. Bambethe emihlane izindawo zokukhanya ezinkulu.

Izinselo ezibanzi zemilenze yangaphambili yalawa ma-artiodactyls ane-depression ngendlela ye-scoop noma isipuni. Kuhle ukukha iqhwa nabo ukuze umbe u-moss ngaphansi kwawo.

Ukuziphatha kanye nokudla

Ama-reindeer yizilwane zomphakathi. Zidla imihlambi emikhulu lapho kungaba khona izinkulungwane zamakhanda, futhi lapho zifuduka, imihlambi ifinyelela amashumi ezinkulungwane. Imihlambi yama-reindeer ibifuduka ngendlela efanayo amashumi eminyaka. Bangakwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha angamakhulu amahlanu nangaphezulu. Izilwane zibhukuda kahle, ngakho ziwela kalula imifula nezingongolo.

• Abantu baseSiberia bahlala ehlathini ebusika. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, imihlambi emikhulu yezilwane iya e-tundra, lapho ngalesi sikhathi kukhona ukudla okwengeziwe kubo. Bambalwa omiyane nezibawu ezihlushwa yizinyamazane. Ngo-August noma September, izilwane zifuduka zibuyele emuva.
• Izinyamazane zaseScandinavia zigwema amahlathi.
• ENyakatho Melika, izinyamazane (i-caribou) zifuduka zisuka ehlathini eliseduze nolwandle ngo-April. Ibuya ngo-Okthoba.
• Izilwane zaseYurophu zihamba eduze kakhulu phakathi nonyaka. Ehlobo, bakhuphuka izintaba, lapho kubanda khona futhi ungakwazi ukubalekela ama-midges nama-midges. Ebusika ziyehla noma zisuke entabeni ziye kwenye.

Izinyamazane zihlushwa kakhulu izimpukane, ezizalela amaqanda ngaphansi kwesikhumba sazo. Ngenxa yalokho, amathumba akha amathumba lapho izibungu zihlala khona. Impukane ibeka amaqanda emakhaleni esilwane. Lezi zinambuzane zibangela ukuhlupheka okuningi ezinyamazaneni futhi ngezinye izikhathi zize ziziqede amandla.

Ukudla kwama-reindeer ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni: i-reindeer moss noma i-reindeer moss. Lokhu kudla kwakha isisekelo sokudla kwabo izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye. Njengoba zinomuzwa othuthuke kakhulu wokuhogela, izilwane zithola ngokunembe kakhulu ubulembu be-reindeer, izihlahla zamajikijolo, ama-sedges namakhowe ngaphansi kweqhwa. Njengoba belahla iqhwa ngezinselo zabo, bazitholela ukudla kwabo. Ukudla kungase kuhlanganise nezinye izindebe, amajikijolo, utshani ngisho namakhowe. Izinyamazane zidla amaqanda ezinyoni, amagundane, izinyoni ezindala.

Ebusika, izilwane zidla iqhwa ukuze zicime ukoma kwazo. Baningi uphuze amanzi olwandleukugcina ibhalansi kasawoti emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimpondo ezilahliwe ziyaluma. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kosawoti wamaminerali ekudleni, izinyamazane zingadla izimpondo zomunye nomunye.

Ukuzala kanye neminyaka yokuphila

I-Reindeer iqala imidlalo yayo yokukhwelana engxenyeni yesibili ka-Okthoba. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa, befuna abesifazane, bahlela ukulwa. Inyamazane eyinyamazane izala izinyane cishe izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, ngemva kwalokho izala inyamazane eyodwa. Akuvamile ukuba namawele.

Ngakusasa ngemva kokuzalwa kwayo, umntwana uqala ukugijima elandela unina. Kuze kuqale ubusika, insikazi idla inyamazane ngobisi. Ngemva kwamasonto amathathu lizelwe, izimpondo zethole ziqala ukuhluma. Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, ukuthomba kwesilwane kuqala. Owesifazane angazala aze afike eminyakeni eyishumi nesishiyagalombili.

i-reindeer bukhoma cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu ubudala.

inyamazane yasekhaya

Njengoba babehlukanise ingxenye yomhlambi wezilwane zasendle, abantu bazifuya izinyamazane. Izilwane ezifuywayo zijwayele abantu, zihlala emadlelweni angenalutho futhi uma kwenzeka ingozi zingahlakazeki, ngethemba lokuthi abantu bazozivikela. Kusetshenziswa izilwane njengama-mounts, nika ubisi, uboya, amathambo, inyama, izimpondo. Kanti, izilwane zidinga usawoti kanye nokuvikelwa kuphela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye kubantu.

1. Umbala wabantu basekhaya uhlukile. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezici zomuntu ngamunye, ubulili kanye neminyaka. Izilwane zaseYurophu ekupheleni kwe-molt ngokuvamile zimnyama. Iningi lekhanda, izinhlangothi kanye nomhlane zinsundu. Izitho, umsila, intamo, umqhele, ibunzi elimpunga. Izilwane ezifuywayo ezimhlophe qhwa zaziswa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu baseNyakatho.
2. Ngobukhulu, izinyamazane ezifuywayo zincane kakhulu kunezasendle.
3. Kuze kube manje, kubantu baseNyakatho Ekude, inyamazane iwukuphela kwesilwane esifuywayo lapho ukuphila kwabo nenhlalakahle yabo kuxhumene naso. Lesi silwane ngesabo bobabili izinto zokuhamba, nezinto zokuhlala, nezembatho, nokudla.
4. Ezifundeni ze-taiga, ama-reindeer agibele amahhashi. Ukuze bangaphuli umhlane wesilwane, bahlala eduze kwentamo. E-tundra nasehlathini-tundra, aboshwe kuma-sleds (ebusika noma ehlobo) ngokugqamile ngamathathu noma amane. Isilwane esisodwa siboshelwa ukuthutha umuntu oyedwa. Umuntu osebenza kanzima angakwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha angaba yikhulu ngosuku ngaphandle kokukhathala okukhulu.

Izitha zenyamazane

Ama-reindeer ayathandeka ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezinkulu, njengoba enenyama namafutha. Izitha zakhe ziyimpisi, ibhere, impisi, i-lynx. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, kufika isikhathi esivundile sezilwane ezizingelayo. Imihlambi yezinyamazane ihamba amabanga amade, izilwane ezigulayo nezibuthaka zisalela ngemuva, zikhathele. Baphenduka inyamazane amaphakethe we-wolverine nama-wolf.

Uziqothula ngonya lezi zilwane nabantu. Uzingela isilwane ukuze athole izimpondo zaso, isikhumba, inyama.

Njengamanje, kunezilwane ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amahlanu enyakatho yeYurophu, cishe izinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayisithupha eNyakatho Melika kanye nezinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili ezindaweni ezipholile zaseRussia. Izinyamazane ezifuywayo ngokuphawulekayo. Isamba sazo singamakhanda angaba yizigidi ezintathu.