Amagundane okuhlobisa

Umlando wokufuywa kwamagundane usukela eNkathini Ephakathi. UJack Black, umbambi wamagundane enkantolo yeNdlovukazi uVictoria maphakathi nekhulu le-1906, wabamba amagundane ampunga u-Rattus norvegicus (uPasyuk, igundane laseNorway) ngezandla zakhe, wayenolwazi olunzulu futhi wagcina amagundane abanjiwe ekhejini elikhethekile elibuswayo. ukuthi wayegqoka esikhundleni ipotimende. Ngaphezu kokucekelwa phansi kwezinambuzane, uJack Black wagcina izilwane ezinemibala, ezimhlophe noma ezimabalabala ezafika kuye futhi wazizalanisa, zithola imibala eqinile nemisha. Amagundane okuhlobisa ngezikhathi ze-Victorian ayethandwa njengezinyoni. Abanye besifazane babegcina amagundane emakhejini akhandwe amahle, phakathi kwawo kwakukhona iNdlovukazi uVictoria (wayenegundane elilodwa noma amabili). UJack uphinde waletha amagundane ukuze aqeqeshe izinja ezimba amagundane futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusabalala kwamagundane - amagundane, afika ekhulwini, futhi inja (ikakhulukazi ama-terriers) yafakwa emgodini noma esibayeni, kwamenyezelwa isikhathi namazinga, kwase kumenyezelwa. kwabalwa amagundane abulawe yinja . Kamuva, ukuzijabulisa okunjalo kwaba nesithukuthezi abantu, njengokuloya kwenkunzi nebhere, kwavulela izimpi zezinja, namuhla ezivinjelwe cishe kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba. Ngo-1950, umugqa wamagundane e-albino elabhorethri wasungulwa e-Philadelphia, ngaleso sikhathi owokuqala nowodwa owathola igama lawo - umugqa we-Wistar, ngokwendawo. Umugqa unikeze eminye imigqa eminingi yaselabhorethri yamagundane (hhayi nje ama-albino) futhi yahlala kuze kube ngu-1901. Kukholelwa ukuthi kusukela kulo mugqa, ngokuwela ngamagundane ampunga, amagundane okuhlobisa okuqala atholakala - ama-black hoods. Ngo-1976, izindinganiso zokuqala zezinhlobo zamagundane zokuhlobisa zasungulwa eNgilandi. Inhlangano yokuqala yamagundane wonke emlandweni, iNational Fancy Rat Society yasungulwa ngo-1978 eYurophu. EMelika, iklabhu yokuqala yegundane negundane yavela ngo-1983, kwathi ngo-XNUMX kwasungulwa i-American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association (AFRMA). Izinhlobonhlobo zamagundane okuhlobisa Amagundane okuhlobisa ahlukaniswe abe "izinhlobonhlobo" ngokusho kweqoqo elithile lezici. Igama elithi "zalela" maqondana namagundane okuhlobisa alisetshenziswa noma lisetshenziswe njengegama elifanayo legama elithi "izinhlobonhlobo". Amazinga – izidingo ezithile ezifanayo zohlobo lomzimba, umbala, njll. ezidingekayo ekuhlolweni kwezilwane ngesikhathi semibukiso, imiqhudelwano nemibukiso. Amazwe ahlukene omhlaba asebenzisa izindinganiso zawo zezidingo futhi alukho uhlelo olulodwa lokuhlukanisa izinhlobo (izinhlobo) zamagundane okuhlobisa. Izindinganiso ezigunyazwe kakhulu nezindala zezinhlobo zamagundane asekhaya okuhlobisa zibhekwa njengezinga le-National Decorative Rat Society of Great Britain (NFRS) kanye ne-American Decorative Rat and Mouse Association (AFRMA). Amagundane okuhlobisa ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo eziningana, izigaba kanye nokumaka. Amanye amajazi ezinwele namagama ombala abolekwe emakati nasezinjeni (isb. Sphynx, Husky, Rex, Manx, njll.).

Uhlobo lomzimba

• Okujwayelekile (Okuvamile) - uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwegundane elinomzimba olinganayo kanye nezinwele ezibushelelezi eziminyene.
• Abangenamsila (Manx, Tailless) - amagundane angenamsila.
• I-Dumbo (i-Dumbo) - amagundane alolu hlobo anezindlebe eziphansi, ezinikeza ukubukeka okukhangayo ebusweni begundane.

Uhlobo loboya

• Okujwayelekile (Okuvamile) - uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwegundane elinejazi elifushane, elibushelelezi nelicwebezelayo.
• I-Satin (i-Satin) - amagundane anezinwele ezinde ezicwebezelayo. E-Russia, zihlukaniswa njengezingajwayelekile.
• I-Bristle (i-Bristle Coat) - amagundane anezinwele zangaphandle eziqinile nezimahhadla.
• I-Wavy / Velveteen (i-Velveteen, i-Teddy, i-Wavy) – amagundane anezinwele eziwugqinsi ezilinganayo, ezigoqene kancane, futhi avamise ukuba namagagasi. Ijazi lingase libonakale liphihlizekile ngenxa ye-wavy, kodwa akufanele libukeke lingcolile, lihlakazekile, noma lingalingani.
• I-Velor (i-Velor) - ijazi legundane lifushane kakhulu, linothayela, lisontekile, liboshwe ngokuqinile. E-Russia, leli qembu lezinhlobonhlobo lihlukaniswa njengokungajwayelekile.
• I-Curly (Rex) - amagundane anejazi eliminyene, elifushane futhi eligobile, elicwebezelayo elincane kunelijwayelekile, futhi elimahhadla. Amadevu agoqene futhi mafishane kunokujwayelekile.
• I-Double-rex (i-double-rex, i-patchwork) - isakhiwo sejazi sihlanganisiwe, kwezinye izindawo ezingenalutho (kusuka ku-sphinxes), kwezinye izindawo - izinwele ezimfushane, ezigobile (kusuka ku-rexes). Abanye abalandeli babiza leli fomu ngokuthi ukukhumula. E-Russia, leli qembu lezinhlobonhlobo lihlukaniswa njengezingajwayelekile.
• I-Downy / Fuzz (Fuzz) – amagundane azacile kakhulu, athambile futhi amfishane phansi.
• Ama-Sphinxes (Angenazinwele) - igundane elinqunu, elinesikhumba esinwebekayo, elithambile uma lithinta. Kunokufiphaza emehlweni, ngezidladla nezihlathi. 

Imibala yamagundane

I-uniform (self) - umbala ufana nomzimba wonke.

• Black
• Beige
• Platinum
• Blue
• Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okubhemayo (Powder Blue)
• Isi-Russian blue (Russian Blue)
• I-mink yesiNgisi (Mink)
• I-American Mink (Mock Mink, American Mink, Havana)
• Isiliva lesi-Russian (Isiliva lesi-Russian)
• Ivory
• Mhlophe namehlo amnyama (Black-eyed White)
• Amhlophe namehlo abomvu (Amhlophe onamehlo apinki, Albino)

Ticked (ticked) - izinwele ngayinye zidwetshwe ngemibala eminingana kubo bonke ubude bezinwele.

• I-Agouti
• I-Фавн (I-Fawn, I-Topazi Emnyama, i-Orange)
• Isinamoni (Isinamoni)
• Topaz
• I-Pearl cinnamon (i-Cinnamon Pearl)
• Pearl (Pearl)
• I-Blue Agouti/Opal (Blue Agouti, Opal)
• I-Russian Blue Agouti
• I-Platinum Agouti (Platinum Agouti)
• Amber

Kuhlanganiswe - umbala ohlanganisa imibala eminingana.

• I-Black Eyed Himalayan 
• Isi-Siamese esinamehlo amnyama (Black Eyed Siamese) 
• I-Himalayan Blue (Blue Point Himalayan)
• I-Siamese Blue (Blue Point Siamese)
• Burmese
• IHimalayan
• Isi-Siamese (Mink Point Siamese)
• I-Siamese Russian Blue (i-Russian Blue Point Siamese)
• Isi-Russian Burmese/Russian Burmese (Russian Burmese) 
• I-Sable Burmese/Sable Burmese 
• Seal Point Siamese 
• I-Wheaten Burmese (WheatenBurmese/Agouti Burmese)

Isiliva - ijazi liqukethe ukuguqulwa kwesiliva-grey kanye nezinwele eziyisisekelo, ngokuvamile ezimhlophe, ezimhlophe. Isiliva lingaba yimiphi imibala eyaziwayo, eqinile noma ephawuliwe. Isici semibala yalesi sigaba ukushintshaniswa kwesiliva nezinwele ezinemibala ngobuningi obulinganayo. Izinwele zesiliva ngayinye kufanele zibe mhlophe ngangokunokwenzeka, nakuba ithiphu lezinwele ezinemibala liyamukeleka. Imibala esiliva kufanele inikeze umbono ophelele wokucwazimula, ukucwazimula. Uma kuhlanganiswe nezinwele ezimbalwa ezimhlophe, umbala awubhekwa njengesiliva. Isiliva kumele liphinyiselwe ukuze umbala wesiliva ungadideki neparele (Pearl) noma yimuphi umfaniswano (Self).

Izimpawu zombala

Ukumaka kuyiphethini, inhlanganisela ethile yezindawo ezimhlophe nezinemibala yejazi lesilwane. Imibala eyinhlanganisela ethile yezindawo ezimhlophe nezinemibala ibizwa ngokuthi imakiwe.

• Okuqinile (Self) - umbala ngaphandle kwephethini emhlophe noma amabala.
• I-raincoat yaseYurophu (i-European Berkshire) - Umzimba wanoma yimuphi umbala, indawo emhlophe esiswini nasesifubeni. Ukumaka imingcele ilinganayo futhi icacile. Imilenze yangemuva imhlophe kuze kufike emaqakaleni, imilenze yangaphambili iyingxenye emhlophe, kanti ingxenye yomsila nayo imhlophe. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba nebala elincane elimhlophe ekhanda. 
• Ingubo yaseMelika (i-American Berkshire) - Umzimba wanoma yimuphi umbala, wonke umzimba ophansi: isisu, isifuba, intamo, ngaphakathi kwezidladla - ezimhlophe ngokuphelele. Okumhlophe akufanele kuphumele emaceleni. Umngcele phakathi kwengaphezulu elipendiwe kanye nephansi elimhlophe kufanele licace futhi lilingane. Imilenze yangemuva imhlophe kuze kufike emaqakaleni, engaphambili ize iyofika endololwaneni. Umsila uyingxenye emhlophe. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba nebala elincane elimhlophe ebunzini phakathi kwezindlebe. 
• I-Anglo-Irish (isiNgisi sase-Irish) - Umzimba wanoma yimuphi umbala, unxantathu omhlophe esifubeni, "amagilavu" amhlophe emilenzeni yangaphambili, izinyawo zemilenze yangemuva zimhlophe ingxenye. Indawo ayihambi esiswini, ithatha indawo yonke phakathi kwezidladla zangaphambili. 
• Isi-Irish (I-Irish) - Umzimba wanoma yimuphi umbala, indawo emhlophe esiswini, "amagilavu" amhlophe emilenzeni yangemuva nangaphambili, isihloko esimhlophe somsila (kuze kufike kukota yobude bayo). Ukuma kwendawo kufana ngangokunokwenzeka, nxazonke noma okusaqanda. Indawo esesimweni somucu omncane (cishe isentimitha ububanzi) iyamukeleka. Okumhlophe akufanele kudlule izinhlangothi, izidladla noma isifuba.
• I-hooded - Ingxenye edayiwe ngehood ivala ikhanda, intamo, isifuba namahlombe ngokuqhubekayo futhi iphethe ngomugqa owehla ngemuva uye emsileni, okungenani u-2/3 womsila kufanele udaywe. 
• Ibhande - Intamo, isifuba, isisu, izinhlaka kanye nezidladla zonke zimhlophe qwa. Ingaphezulu lekhanda lipendiwe; umbala akufanele udlule esilevini. Kusukela ekhanda, ukubamba izindlebe, phezu kwamahlombe, umugqa onemibala (isitimela) ugijima wonke umhlane. Ububanzi be-strip buyafana yonke indawo futhi bulingana nobubanzi bekhanda. Umsila upendwe okungenani u-2/3.

I-Blaze - Izimpawu ezimhlophe ezimise okuka-V ezimise okwe-V emlonyeni, ziqala emakhaleni zifike esiphongweni.

• Blazed Banded 
• Ingubo evuthayo (Blazed Berkshire)
• I-Kepkovy / Capped – Ingxenye engenhla yekhanda ipendiwe. Ibala alikho kude kunezindlebe futhi aliyi esilevini. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba nebala elimhlophe noma i-wedge ku-muzzle (i-wedge iqala entanyeni, iyancipha phakathi kwezindlebe, iphele ebunzini). Umzimba wonke umhlophe.
• I-Husky raincoat (i-Badger husky) - lokhu kumaka kunombala "obomvu". Izingxenye zangaphansi zomzimba nekhanda zimhlophe qwa. Kuvutha ilangabi ekhanda, nomsila upendwe ngokuphelele.
• I-Spotted (I-Varigated) - ikhanda namahlombe kupendwe, kufanele kube khona indawo (ebunzini) noma ilangabi. Izingxenye ezisele zomzimba ophezulu wegundane zimhlophe namabala. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba imhlophe.

Futhi abanye. Futhi, igundane lingase libe yinqaba. Emagundaneni afuywayo anamehlo angajwayelekile, elinye iso libomvu kanti elinye limnyama noma irubi. Amagundane anamehlo angajwayelekile angaba yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lombala nokumaka.

Izici zamagundane okuhlobisa

Abesilisa banesisindo esingama-400-850 (okungavamile) amagremu, abesifazane - 250-500 amagremu. Abesilisa bavame ukuzola, abathandi be-tame ukuze bafake izandla zomnikazi, abesifazane basebenza kakhulu futhi abaphumuli. Isilinganiso sokuphila kwamagundane yiminyaka engu-2,5-3, ngezinye izikhathi aphila iminyaka emi-4, isikhathi esiphezulu sokuphila kwegundane lasekhaya namuhla iminyaka engu-7 izinyanga ezingu-4. Amagundane yizilwane ezivundile. Insikazi eyodwa ingaletha imidlwane engaphezu kwe-14 kudoti owodwa. Insikazi ingakhulelwa ngisho nangesikhathi sokuncelisa inzalo. Kulokhu, ukugcinwa okuhlangene kwezilwane zobulili obuhlukene akuthandeki kakhulu. Ukuthenwa kuyenzeka, kodwa kusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izizathu zokwelashwa kanye nokulawula ulaka lwabesilisa. Ngokwesilinganiso, abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi lapho sebenamaviki angu-6 ubudala, kodwa abesifazane bangakhulelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu kunalesi sikhathi. Ukuze uthole inzalo enempilo, ukuhlangana kokuqala kowesifazane kuyafiseleka lapho eneminyaka engu-5-10 izinyanga, owesilisa emva konyaka, lapho uhlamvu lwakhe selwakhiwe ngokugcwele. AT

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kumagundane ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingu-21-24. Ngemva kokuzalwa, imidlwane yamagundane kufanele ihlale nonina okungenani amasonto angu-5, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi ukuzivikela komzimba kuyakhiwa futhi ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuxhumana nabantu kwenzeka..

Amagundane anomphakathi, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuwagcina ngamabili noma amaqembu, ukuze agweme ukukhiqiza njalo, ukulwa nokucindezeleka - ubulili obufanayo. Bazwana kangcono uma uthatha amagundane aneminyaka efanayo, ama-littermate futhi avela ezindaweni ezahlukene, azokhululeka futhi abe mnandi kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, izingxabano zingenzeka, kodwa ngokuvamile lokhu kuwumbukiso olula wobudlelwane kanye nezikhulu, azibangeli ukulimala okukhulu komunye nomunye, nakuba zidonsana futhi zihlaba ngokuphelelwa yithemba. Amagundane ahlala eqenjini adlala ndawonye, ​​alale, futhi aqeqeshe ngokufanayo.

Ukugcinwa kwamagundane okuhlobisa

Iseli

Ihhoko legundane liyindlu yakhe, indawo yalo yomuntu siqu lapho echitha khona isikhathi esiningi nempilo yakhe. Ekhejini, amagundane alala, adle, aye endlini yangasese, adlale, futhi ngayinye yale misebenzi, ikheji kufanele ifaneleke futhi ifakwe kahle. Iseli kufanele lihambisane nenani labahlali, futhi okungenani libe ngu-60x40x40, futhi okungcono kakhulu. Ibanga elikhulu phakathi kwemigoqo akufanele lidlule i-1,7 cm. Kwabesilisa abadala, kuvunyelwe futhi u-2 cm, kodwa lokhu kusebenza kuphela emadodeni amakhulu, amadala, abesifazane namaphuphu "angavuza" ngokusebenzisa imigoqo. Ikheji elihlomele kahle kufanele libe nezindlu, ama-hammocks, amashalofu, izitebhisi noma ama-ramps, futhi, yiqiniso, itshe lamaminerali, izitsha kanye nesitsha sokuphuza. Imigudu yepulasitiki nendwangu yobubanzi obufanele, izindlu zangasese zekhoneni, amabhasikidi, njll ngeke ziphazamise. Okwamanje, uhla lwezesekeli zamakheji amagundane lubanzi impela, futhi ezinye zezinto ezingekho "zingabolekwa" ezingulubeni, onogwaja, opholi, amakati nama-ferrets, noma ungenza ngezandla zakho.

Ukuhlelwa kweseli nezinto zokwakha

House

Ubukhulu bendlu kufanele bube ngendlela yokuthi igundane likwazi ukuma kulo kalula ngaphandle kokuthinta "uphahla" ngomhlane / ikhanda, futhi likwazi ukwelula kalula lilele, futhi wonke amagundane kufanele abekwe endlini uma efuna ukuqamba amanga. lapho ndawonye. Indawo yokungena kufanele ibe nkulu ngokwanele ukuze igundane lingabambeki kulo. Ngenani elikhulu lezilwane, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba neminyango emibili noma ngaphezulu endlini. Indlu ingenziwa ngokhuni noma indwangu (pluses - ubungane bemvelo nokuphepha, minuses - ukumuncwa iphunga nomswakama, nokuhlafuna kalula, ikakhulukazi izindlu zendwangu), ipulasitiki eqinile (i-pluses - ayitholi iphunga, kulula ukuyihlanza, i-cons - ayiphephile kakhulu lapho uhlafuna ), i-plywood (okungenani ilula kakhulu: ibamba iphunga nomswakama, igaya kalula futhi iqukethe i-glue, engase ingaphephile), kanye nekhadibhodi (idinga ukushintshwa njalo, cishe kanye ngesonto). Ungasebenzisa futhi izimbiza ze-ceramic ezizinzile, obhasikidi bakakhukhunathi noma ama-wicker njengendlu.  

Hammock

Umbhede olengayo owenziwe ngendwangu, nakuba kukhona kokubili izinketho eziboshwe kanye ne-wicker. Ama-hammocks angathengwa ezitolo zezilwane ezifuywayo, ama-hammocks enziwe ngezandla angathengwa kubadwebi, futhi angathungwa, athungwe ngentambo kakotini ewugqinsi noma enziwe uwena ngokushesha ngezicucu ezingadingekile zendwangu noma izingubo ezindala, inketho elula ucezu lomkhono. noma iphakethe elinqanyuliwe ezingutsheni ezingadingekile.

Ama-hammocks ahlukaniswe abe avaliwe futhi avulekile: ama-hammocks avaliwe angaphezulu noma ngaphansi "imbobo" phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili zendwangu futhi angasebenza njengendawo yokukhosela igundane ekukhanyeni noma emakhazeni, ama-hammocks avulekile ngokuvamile ungqimba olulodwa lwendwangu lapho igundane lihlala khona. angaqamba amanga. Futhi, ama-hammocks ahlukaniswe abe ukukhanya (ehlobo) okwenziwe ngendwangu emincane futhi afakwe ezingxenyeni eziningana zendwangu. Amagundane amaningi aphatha ama-hammocks ngothando futhi alungele ukuhlala kuwo izinsuku ezilandelanayo, kanti amanye awanaki ama-hammocks. Igundane lingakwazi "ukuhlobisa" i-hammock ekunambithekeni kwayo, izimbobo eziququda kuyo kulezo zindawo lapho libona kufanelekile.  

Isiphuzo

Isitsha samanzi singaba isitsha esivamile noma iziphuzo ezikhethekile ezivela esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo. Isitsha: khipha - amanzi akuwo angcoliswa ngokushesha kakhulu izinsalela zokudla ezivela ezidladleni zezilwane, isigcwalisi, njll., angabe esakufanelekela ukuphuzwa, futhi abuye aphenduke kalula, wonakalise isigcwalisi futhi ashiye igundane lingenamanzi. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukushintsha amanzi endishini okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku futhi ungahleliwe njengoba engcolile. Sebenzisa kuphela izitsha ezinzima ze-ceramic noma izitsha ezinama-rack mounts. Isiphuzo: ukusetshenziswa komuntu ophuzayo kuqeda ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, kodwa ezinye izibonelo zingaconsa njalo, ukuze igundane lisale lingaphuzi usuku lonke. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi kuhlale kukhona okungenani abaphuzi ababili emgodini, futhi ngemva kokuthela amanzi ahlanzekile kumphuzi, kufanele uhlole njalo ngomunwe wakho ukuthi amanzi ageleza yini. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa iziphuzo zebhola nezingono, ezinamathiselwe ngaphandle kwekheji, ukuze kuvinjwe igundane ukuthi likwazi ukuququda esitsheni samanzi.

Umphakeli/isitsha

Iqoqo lezitsha ezimbili livame ukusetshenziswa: eyodwa, enkulu, yokudla okomile, okuhlala ku-cage, kanti okwesibili ukudla okuhambisanayo ngendlela yemifino / izithelo, ubisi kanye nemikhiqizo yamaprotheni.

Okokuqala, izitsha ziyehluka ngesakhiwo kanye nesimiso sokufakwa ku-cage. Izitsha ezilula zenziwe ngendlela "yepuleti" futhi zivele zibekwe eshalofini noma ku-tray, izitsha ezinezinsimbi zilenga emigoqweni yekheji. Ngamagundane amabili noma amathathu, noma yikuphi okukhethwa kukho kuzokwenza, kodwa ngaphezulu, "ipuleti" elikhulu elizinzile lifiseleka, lapho amagundane angakwazi ukuzungeza kuzo zonke izinhlangothi futhi adle ngaphandle kokuphazamisa omunye nomunye. Izitsha zingaba yinsimbi (ama-pluses - angaguquki, ahlanzeke kalula, awamumbi iphunga, ukonakala - kulula ukuwaguqula nokuhambisa, ama-rattles), izitsha zensimbi zifiseleka ezihinjisiwe. Izitsha ezenziwe ngepulasitiki eqinile (i-pluses - kulula ukuyihlanza, ayifaki iphunga, i-minuses - iyahlafuna, ilula). Izitsha ze-Ceramic noma eziwugqinsi zengilazi ziyindlela engcono kakhulu yezitsha "zezitsha", njengoba izitsha ezenziwe ngalezi zinto zinzima futhi zizinzile, azikwazi ukuguqulwa. 

Indlu yangasese

Amagundane angase afunde ukuya ethreyini yamagundane, kodwa ngawodwana, njengoba kukhona abahlanzayo abanezimiso, futhi kukhona namagundane abudlayo, amanye angase angalinaki ithreyi ngokuphelele noma alisebenzisele ezinye izinjongo - njengendawo yombhede noma inqolobane yezinto. Uma igundane lihlanzekile futhi liya endlini yangasese ekhoneni elilodwa, ungafaka ithreyi lapho. Kungaba ithreyi lekhona elikhethekile lamagundane, onogwaja noma ama-ferrets, noma isitsha sokudla esingenasivalo.

izinto zokuzijabulisa

Ukuze igundane lingabi nesithukuthezi, ungafaka izintambo, izitebhisi, ama-ramps, imigudu eyenziwe ngepulasitiki nekhadibhodi, amathoyizi okhuni amagundane nama-parrots, isondo eligijima emgodini (ububanzi obuqinile futhi obukhulu, ukugwema ukulimala).

Isigcwalisi sekheji

Udoti wekheji usiza ukugcina amagundane ehlanzekile njengoba emunca udoti futhi ngokwezinga elithile uthuntubeza iphunga elibi, uvikela izidladla, izisu kanye nemisila yamagundane emiphumeleni yemfucuza.

• Izithako zemifino: hay, ummbila
• Izigcwalisi zamaphepha kanye nokulala: i-cellulose, ama-napkins wephepha / amathawula;
• Amanabukeni alahlwayo

Udoti wezinkuni wamagundane

I-Sawdust iseyi-filler evame kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa zenziwe ngezihlahla ze-coniferous, futhi amagundane amaningi asabela ezinaliti ngendlela yokucasuka nokuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila lwendlela yokuphefumula ephezulu, kanye namaphaphu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sawdust ingaba yinhle kakhulu futhi ibe nothuli, iqhubeke nokucasula ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ekhaleni namehlo. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-sawdust enkulu ethambile evela ekhunini elingewona i-coniferous ingaba isigcwalisi esihle uma kukhona indawo engaphansi yamanga emgodini: amagundane awakwazi ukufinyelela ku-sawdust, i-sawdust ekuphenduleni ayikhiqizi uthuli futhi ayingeni ekhaleni futhi. amehlo. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sawdust njengokugcwalisa amagundane akukhuthazwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-sawdust encane, ama-shavings anqoba entweni eyodwa: inkulu, ngakho-ke ayithuli futhi ayivali ekhaleni namehlo. Ama-chips amakhulu angenalo uthuli avela ezinhlotsheni zezinkuni ezingezona i-coniferous (ama-deciduous) angasetshenziswa kokubili ngaphansi kwe-bottom yamanga futhi avele athululwe ku-pallet noma amathreyi. Lokhu kukude nenketho engcono kakhulu, kodwa inelungelo lokuba khona uma amagundane engaphenduli ebukhoneni be-chips ngokuthimula kanye nekhala eligijimayo. Ama-coniferous, uthuli nama-chips amancane awanconywa ukuthi asetshenziswe njengesigcwalisi.

Isigcwalisi sokhuni esicindezelwe emakethe simelwe ama-granules noma ama-pellets. Ama-pellets ahlala ewuhlobo lokugcwalisa oluthandwa kakhulu, agcina umswakama kanye nephunga elingcono kune-sawdust, kodwa ayakhenceza, athule, futhi ahlukane abe othulini olucolile lapho emanzi ngokuphelele. Umshini wokugcwalisa ukhuni ocindezelweyo ulungile uma kukhona phansi okungelona iqiniso ekhejini, kuzo zonke ezinye izimo akunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe, ngoba akulungile kumagundane lapho ehamba, kungaba buhlungu kakhulu esikhumbeni semilenze futhi kungabangela i-pododermatitis. , futhi ngesimo sothuli kungacasula ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ekhaleni kanye neso legundane. Ama-coniferous granules nama-pellets awanconywa ukuthi asetshenziswe njengokugcwalisa.

Ama-wood chips okwamanje ayindlela enhle kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zokugcwalisa. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ezitolo zezilwane ezifuywayo kuthengiswa njenge-filler ye-terrariums futhi ngentengo ephakeme kakhulu. Ungayithola futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezitolo ze-hardware ngaphansi kwegama elithi "chips for smoking". Ama-chips ezinkuni awathuli futhi awacasuli ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, inqobo nje uma kusetshenziswa umkhiqizo wokhuni oluqinile. Ukulimala kwamagundane amagundane nakho kungaphakathi kwebanga elamukelekayo, noma kunjalo, kubantu asebekhulile, abagulayo, amagundane anzima kakhulu noma amagundane ane-predisposition to pododermatitis, akukafaneli ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lokugcwalisa ngaphandle kwe-bottom yamanga. Kuwo wonke amanye amagundane, i-filler ifaneleka kokubili ukulala ngamathreyi kanye ne-pallet, nangaphansi kwe-bottom yamanga. I-Coniferous wood chips ayikhuthazwa neze.

Izigcwalisi zemifino zamagundane

I-Hay ukuze isetshenziswe njengodoti wamagundane ayinconywa. Ngenxa yokuqina kwama-blades otshani ngabanye kanye nesakhiwo esingalingani, kungase kuhlukumeze amehlo ezilwane ezihambayo, ngaphezu kwalokho, akugcini iphunga nomswakama, futhi ezimweni eziningi kuba nothuli kangangokuthi ukuxhumana isikhathi eside kungabangela. ukusabela ngendlela yokuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ukuthimula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqanda ama-parasites alethwe nendle kanye nomchamo wezilwane zasendle angase abe setshanini. Uma ufisa, kucatshangelwa zonke izingozi, utshani bungasetshenziswa ukuhamba, bunikeze amagundane ukuze kwakhiwe "izidleke". Asikho isidingo sokudla utshani obomile emagundwaneni.

I-corn filler iqukethe ama-corn cores agayiwe futhi iza ngezinhlobo ezintathu - ingxenye encane, ingxenyenamba eqinile kanye nama-granules. Lolu hlobo lokugcwalisa okwamanje mhlawumbe ludume kakhulu phakathi kwabafuyi bamagundane. Ngeshwa, i-corn filler inenani lokungalungi: inomsindo impela; kumagundane anesisindo esikhulu noma ukuthambekela kwe-pododermatitis, kungabangela ukulimala nokuvuvukala kwesikhumba sezinyawo; kunzima ukuthi bahambe endaweni engazinzile, kungaba buhlungu uma benyathela, futhi amanye amagundane azama ukukugwema ngenxa yalesi sizathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ayinawo umthelela omubi ohlelweni lokuphefumula kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ngakho-ke amagundane anezifo ezingapheli zokuphefumula avame ukudluliselwa kuwo, agcina iphunga nomswakama kahle, futhi i-corn filler iphephile ngokuphelele ukudla.

Izigcwalisi zamaphepha zamagundane

Iphepha lehhovisi njengokugcwalisa amagundane alifanelekile. Ukungalungi okubalulekile imiphetho ebukhali, engashiya ukusikeka okungathí sina, nokungagcini kahle kwephunga nomswakama. Kodwa-ke, iphepha elidatshulwe (hhayi elisikiwe!) libe yimicu emide lingase libe ukunambitheka kwamagundane okwakha izidleke futhi njengomsebenzi othakazelisayo kudokhi.

Amaphephandaba, omagazini nezinye izinto eziphrintiwe akufanele futhi zisetshenziswe ekhejini, njengoba kwakhiwa kanye nokusetshenziswa koyinki wokunyathelisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, amafutha okomisa, ama-phenols, i-formaldehyde, amafutha e-petroleum, ama-synthetic resins, usawoti wensimbi (cobalt, manganese, i-aluminium, insimbi, njll.) * zisetshenziswa. Lezi zinto noma iminonjana yazo ngokombono iyakwazi ukulimaza impilo yamagundane ngenxa yokudakwa okungapheli, okungukuthi ngokuthintana okuvamile nokuqondile. Ngemikhiqizo esanda kunyatheliswa kanye nemikhiqizo eshicilelwe ngaphambi kokuphela kweminyaka yama-90s, kungcono ukungafaki noma yikuphi othintana naye: esimweni sokuqala, ngenxa yokuhwamuka kweyinki yokunyathelisa, okwesibili, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kosawoti oholayo ezinemibala emidala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphephandaba nomagazini abakwazi ukumunca nokugcina umswakama kanye nephunga ngokwanele.

I-cellulose litter ifaneleka kuphela enanini elincane lamagundane noma isendlalelo sesibili phezu kwama-litter granular, njengoba Ngokuphathelene nokugcina iphunga, akusilo phezulu. Izinzuzo zalolu hlobo lwe-filler zihlanganisa iqiniso lokuthi aliguquki, amagundane ayakuthanda, futhi alilimazi izinyawo.

Ama-napkins wephepha noma amathawula alungele ukusetshenziswa ekhejini, kodwa awayona indawo yokulahla udoti, okungenani hhayi unomphela futhi kulawo magundane athanda ukuhlafuna ephepheni futhi alihudulele endlini yawo noma enze "izidleke". Ama-napkins namathawula anephunga elibi / ukugcinwa komswakama futhi "abhujiswa" kalula ngamagundane, ngakho-ke adinga ukuguqulwa okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku. Kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ziyi-hypoallergenic, ilungele ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokulala ezindlini, ifaneleka kahle amagundane anezifo zokuphefumula, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila olubucayi, i-pododermatitis, ingasetshenziswa ekhejini elinamagundane abahlengikazi. Ungasebenzisa kuphela ama-napkins namathawula ngaphandle kwephethini namadayi.

Izigcwalisi ezingaphili

Amanabukeni alahlwayo abamba futhi agcine iphunga / umswakama kahle kakhulu futhi afaneleka ngokukhethekile amagundane asebekhulile, agulayo nakhubazekile, okuwavumela ukuba agcinwe ezimweni ezihlanzekile ngenkathi egcina ikheji lihlanzekile futhi lomile. Ungalungisa ama-diapers kokubili emashalofini futhi ngokuqondile ku-pallet usebenzisa i-masking tape noma amanye amadivaysi. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amagundane angalumi kuphela okufanele afakwe kuma-diaper, futhi kuphela uma engenaso isifiso sokuklebhula izingubo zokulala. 

Ukudla kwamagundane

Amagundane angama-omnivorous rodents, ngakho ukudla kwawo kufanele kuhlanganise okusanhlamvu, imifino, amaprotheni, nemikhiqizo yobisi olumuncu.

• Ukudla kwamagundane

Isisekelo sokudla kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sibe ukudla okukhethekile kwamagundane, okungathengwa esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo. Gcwalisa ukudla okunokwakheka okunokulinganisela nezithako zekhwalithi. Okokuqala ekubunjweni kokudla okunjalo kuhlala okusanhlamvu (ukolweni), amaprotheni ezilwane ahlala ekhona ekudleni futhi okuqukethwe kwamafutha akudluli i-10%. Lesi yinkomba yokuqala yokuthi umenzi uye wacabangela izidingo eziyisisekelo zamagundane. Isilinganiso sokuphakelayo kwekhwalithi kungenzeka singafaki amaprotheni ezilwane (okungabalulekile), aqukethe inani elengeziwe lezinhlamvu ezishibhile (i-rye, i-oats, ibhali, i-millet), ibe mpofu kakhulu, enamafutha, enekhalori ephezulu, njll. Okuphakelayo okunjalo nakho kufanelekile ukondla amagundane, kodwa kufanele wengeze futhi ulinganise: hlanganisa ukudla okunamafutha nokusanhlamvu, engeza ukolweni ekudleni okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-oats, uhlukanise ukudla okunokwakheka okubi kakhulu, engeza amaprotheni ekudleni ngaphandle kwamaprotheni ezilwane ngokwakho.

Amagundane kufanele ahlale enesitsha sokudla. Emagundaneni athambekele ekugcwaleni, okuhlukile "kokudla okunomthamo" kungenzeka, okungukuthi isitsha sigcwaliswa kanye ngosuku, ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi isilinganiso sansuku zonke sokudla kwegundane elidala yisipuni sokudla. Amagundane awakwazi ukukhawulelwa ekudleni kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisithupha.

• Izithako zamaprotheni

Umthombo wamaprotheni ezilwane zamagundane ungaba inyama ebilisiwe, izinkukhu, inhlanzi kanye nezilwane zasolwandle, amaqanda enkukhu noma izigwaca, inyama yokudla kwezingane, ama-zofobas, amakhilikithi, isikelemu, izinkumbi, i-gammarus, inja eyomile noma ukudla kwekati okungenani okuyi-super premium. ikilasi.

Amaprotheni ezilwane anikezwa amagundane cishe izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto. Kumaphuphu amagundane kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, inani lamaprotheni ezilwane lingakhuphuka izikhathi eziningana uma liqhathaniswa nezilwane ezindala futhi linikezwe izikhathi eziningana ngesonto. Okubalulekile: uma igundane lincane, yilapho umzimba walo udinga amaprotheni amaningi ukuze likhule ngendlela evamile.

• Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwemifino

Imifino namakhambi aqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini namaminerali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mikhiqizo inokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephansi, okunomthelela onenzuzo "kumfanekiso" wamagundane. Kodwa izithelo eziningi namajikijolo aqukethe inani elikhulu likashukela, ngakho kufanele abe ngaphansi kakhulu ekudleni kwamagundane kunemifino nemifino. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumagundane ajwayele ukukhuluphala. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi uhlobo lwemifino lokudla okuhambisanayo luwukuhlanganisa kuphela, hhayi ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwegundane. Ukudlondlobala kokudla okunoshukela kungaholela ezifweni zepheshana lamathumbu kanye nokuwohloka okuvamile kwenhlalakahle kanye nempilo yesilwane.

Imifino, izithelo, amakhambi, amajikijolo kufanele anikezwe nsuku zonke noma zonke izinsuku. Akukho "isilinganiso sansuku zonke" esingacacile, ngoba. ngesilwane ngasinye, lokhu kujwayelekile kuzoba umuntu ngamunye. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-10-15 amagremu wemifino / izithelo ngegundane ngalinye ngosuku inani ngemuva kwalokho akufanele kube nezinkinga.

• Izithako zobisi olubilisiwe

Izinzuzo zemikhiqizo yobisi oluvutshiwe njenge-cottage shizi, iyogathi noma i-kefir: iwumthombo ofanele we-calcium, futhi iqukethe i-lacto- ne-bifidobacteria enenzuzo emathunjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagundane awadla ngokujabula okukhulu. Okuwukuphela "kwe-contraindication" ekwethulweni kobisi olumuncu ekudleni kwamagundane ukungabekezelelani kwe-lactose komuntu ngamunye, okwenzeka kaningi kumagundane, futhi kuvezwa ngokucasuka kwamathumbu, kuze kube sohudo (ngakho-ke, lapho wethula umkhiqizo omusha ekudleni kwamagundane. amagundane, kufanelekile ukuhlola ukusabela komzimba wakhe kuwo ngokudla inani elincane ukuqala).

• Ukuphatha

Izibiliboco zingahluka kakhulu: ezithengiwe futhi zenziwe ekhaya, imvelaphi yemifino nezilwane, kulula futhi kunzima ukuyilungisa noma ayidingi ukupheka nhlobo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokwelashwa, kune-contraindication kanye namazinga okusetshenziswa. Okokuqala, udinga ukucabangela ukuthi ukudla amagundane ngokuphatha akufanelekile, lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni zezempilo: ukukhuluphala, izinguquko ze-metabolism kanye namazinga e-hormonal, ukwenqaba ukudla futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuwohloka komzila wesisu wegundane. 

Ongakwazi nongakwazi ukuphakela amagundane

• Umuntu angakwazi

I-Buckwheat, i-millet, i-rye, ibhali, amapentshisi, amabhilikosi, ama-strawberry, ubhanana, ama-blueberries, ama-rosehip, ama-apula, ama-raspberries, ama-cranberries, ama-ashberries abomvu, amagilebhisi, ikhabe, izaqathe, ukhukhamba, ulethisi, ithanga, i-zucchini, i-zucchini, inyama ebilisiwe, izinkukhu, inhlanzi, ukudla kwasolwandle, amaqanda, i-gammarus, i-zofobas, iyogathi, i-kefir, i-cottage shizi enamafutha aphansi, ama-crackers angenasawoti.

• Kungenzeka ngamanani alinganiselwe futhi kungabikho ukubekezelelana: 

Ummbila, oats, ukolweni, ithini lamapheya, ihalananda, plums, kiwi, tangerines, bell pepper, utamatisi, beet, amantongomane, walnuts, acorns, cashews, imbewu sunflower, imbewu ithanga, ukhukhunathi, hazelnuts, ubisi, izinto ezibhakiwe, amakhukhi unsweetened.

• Akufanele

Ubhontshisi, unyaluthi, iklabishi, isithombo, isithombo, ufulawa, ubhontshisi, upelepele oshisayo, upelepele, u-anyanisi, u-garlic, amasoseji, amasoseji, ubhekeni, amathambo ezithelo, ukudla okufakwe usawoti okufakwe emanzini anosawoti, ubisi olujiyile, ukhilimu omuncu, ushizi onamafutha, amaswidi, ujamu, amaships , ushukela, utshwala, amakhekhe, izitsha ezibabayo, okubabayo, okusawoti, okunamafutha, okuthosiwe, okubhenywayo, ukudla okonakele nokukhuntile, izithelo nemifino ebolile.

Okuphakelayo kwamaminerali

Itshe lamaminerali liwumthombo wezinto zokwakha ezidingekayo zamathambo namazinyo, futhi lisebenza nokugcina amandla abo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaminerali akha itshe abandakanyeka enqubweni ye-metabolic, alawula amanzi kanye nebhalansi ye-acid-base emzimbeni. Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zezempilo ezicacile, itshe lamaminerali libuye libe usizo ngenxa yokukhanga kwalo njengento yokuququda. Okokuqala nje, akufanele kube nosawoti etsheni. Uma itshe lingusawoti / usawoti, akufanele ulithathe. Usawoti wetafula ulungele ukuphakela izilwane ezidla uhlaza kuphela (izingulube ze-Guinea, onogwaja). Uma iphakheji ithi "itshe losawoti wamaminerali" noma "izithako zamaminerali", bheka izithako ezivame ukufakwa ohlwini ephaketheni. Uma kungekho usawoti ekubunjweni, khona-ke itshe lifanele amagundane. Uma usawoti uboniswa (i-sodium chloride, usawoti odliwayo, usawoti wetafula) noma ukwakheka ngokuvamile kuboniswa ephaketheni, kungcono ukubheka itshe elingenazo lezi zithako. I-Sepia (igobolondo le-cuttlefish) iyindlela ehlukile yamatshe amaminerali. Kudingekile ukukhetha i-sepia yangempela, hhayi ukulingisa kwayo, njengoba i-sepia elingisa ingase ibe nosawoti kanye nezinto ezingezona usizo kugundane. Ushoki ojwayelekile wesikole esimhlophe awuthandeki kakhulu ukuthi amagundane (nezinye izilwane) adle, ushoki wesikole uqukethe izithasiselo ezingalimaza amagundane noma zivele zingathwali inzuzo, isibonelo, inani elikhulu kakhulu le-gypsum neglue.

Ukunakekela Igundane

Ukunakekelwa kwezinwele

Igundane lizinakekela ngokwalo izinwele, ngokuvamile ngokucophelela. Futhi uma ehlala eqenjini, okuyinto efiselekayo, khona-ke uyasizwa ukwenza lokhu - lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukulungiswa okuhlangene futhi kusiza ukuqinisa izibopho zomphakathi phakathi kwamalungu omhlambi ofanayo. Uma igundane linempilo futhi lizinakekela, awudingi ukumsiza ngokunakekelwa kwezinwele, angakwazi ukuzibamba ngokwakhe. Izinkinga zivame ukwenzeka ezilwaneni ezibuthakathaka, ezindala, okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo, isibonelo, ngemuva) futhi kulokhu zizodinga usizo lwakho.

Ukunakekela igundane elinengcindezi encane kanye nokungenelela kuqukethe izingxenye ezimbili:

Ukukama uboya. Isixubho esisha, esingasetshenzisiwe esinamabristle athambile sisebenza kangcono kulokhu. Kungcono kakhulu ukususa isibambo eside (ngoba amagundane awalithandi ithuluzi eliyinqaba elinesibambo eside futhi avame ukuhlasela isixubho “esigcwele”) futhi anwaye igundane, ebambe ikhanda lesixubho ngesithupha nangomunwe wangaphambili (okungukuthi, sengathi uzifihle phakathi kweminwe yakhe). Akudingekile ukugeza igundane, ukugeza kuyisilinganiso esidlulele uma singcolile entweni enamathela kakhulu, engagezwanga kahle noma eyingozi futhi eyingozi. Ukugeza kwenziwa ngamanzi afudumele kanye ne-shampoo yamagundane, ngemva kokugeza, sula kahle ngethawula futhi uvumele ukuba wome, ugweme umoya obandayo kanye nokusalungiswa, amagundane abamba umkhuhlane kalula kakhulu.

Ukuhlanza umsila

Kunezizathu ezimbili kuphela zokuthi kungani kufanele ubeke igundane kwinqubo yokuhlanza umsila:

1. Umbukiso ozayo, lapho igundane elinomsila omuhle nohlanzekile lingathola isilinganiso esiphezulu.
2. Isimo sezulu esishisayo. Ukushintshaniswa kokushisa kumagundane kwenzeka ngokuqondile ngomsila, ongahlanganiswa nezinwele. Uma kungcoliswe kakhulu, ukudluliswa kokushisa kuzoba nzima, okungalimaza igundane (ukushisa ngokweqile).

Ungakwenza kanjani kahle:

Ukuze ugeze, uzodinga isixubho esithambile, i-shampoo yegundane, namanzi afudumele. Okokuqala, umsila udinga "ukucwiliswa" emanzini anensipho. Uma igundane liyithatha ngokuthula - umsila ungamane ucwiliswe esitsheni samanzi, uma kungenjalo - kuwufanele ukucwiliswa kancane kancane, usule nge-soapy pad ukotini omanzi. Thatha isixubho futhi ngobumnene, ngaphandle kokucindezela okunamandla, hlanza umsila ohlangothini ukusuka esisekelweni kuya esiqongweni, okungukuthi ekukhuleni kwezikali, noma kunjalo ungakhathazeki! Awukwazi ukuwuhlikihla umsila ngamandla - ungalimaza futhi uklebhule isikali. Lapho uhlanza, ungalibambi igundane ngesihloko somsila! Umsila oxutshiwe uhlanjululwe kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile futhi womiswe ngethawula. Uma umsila wegundane ungcole kakhulu, ungazami ukuwugeza wonke ngesikhathi esisodwa – namanje ngeke usebenze, uzowulimaza kuphela uma uzama kakhulu lapho uhlanza. Vele uphinde inqubo ngosuku noma ezimbili, futhi kancane kancane umsila uzogezwa. Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi izinga lokungcoliswa komsila lihlobene eduze nezimo zokuboshwa. Ekhejini elincane, elinganakiwe, lapho kungavamile ukuhlanzwa, imisila yamagundane ingcola ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukunakekelwa kwendlebe namehlo, ukunqunywa kwezinzipho

Ngokuvamile, ukuhlanza akudingekile, ngaphandle kokuthi ungakwazi ukusula i-muzzle nge-cotton pad emanzi, inqobo nje uma igundane lingazigezi ngokwalo, njengoba kunjalo ngamagundane amadala. Ngezinye izikhathi hlola ukuze uthole usizo olufika ngesikhathi lapho kwenzeka isifo. Amagundane ajwayele ukuzilungisa futhi aqaphe ubude nobukhali bezizipho, futhi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile okwengeziwe akudingeki. Nakuba, kwezinye izimo, ukusika okuhlanzekile nge-nail cutter kungenzeka:

1. Ukuntuleka kokuzinakekela kwezizipho ngendlela efanele, lokhu kwenzeka kumagundane asebekhulile noma agulayo.
2. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa noma uma uhlanganisa, ukuze ungaphinde ulimaze isikhumba esilimele.
3. Lapho izilwane ezintsha zethulwa, ukuze kuncishwe “abanikazi” bekheji ithuba lokuklwebha kakhulu lapho kusungulwa indawo yomuntu omusha kuleli kheji.

Ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo

Ngezikhathi ezithile, udinga ukuhlola amazinyo nomlomo wegundane ngokulimala, izifo nokukhula kwamazinyo futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi zokuqeda izinkinga.

Amagundane nezinye izilwane

Amagundane kufanele agcinwe ekhejini elilodwa kuphela namanye amagundane. Kodwa bangakwazi ukuxhumana ngaphandle kwekheji ngaphansi kokugadwa nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo:

• Amagundane nezinja

Bangakwazi ukuxhumana kahle uma inja ingaboni inyamazane egundaneni futhi ingesabi. Amagundane angakwazi ukuxhumana nezinja ezinobungane ngaphansi kokuqondisa komnikazi, ozolawula ukuxhumana kwabo, futhi udinga futhi ukubethula ngokucophelela. Igundane, uma kwenzeka lesaba noma livikelekile, lingaluma inja kabuhlungu, libangele ukuluma kwenja okuphindaphindiwe. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukuxhumana kwabo futhi ungabashiyi bodwa.

• Amagundane namakati

Kwenzeka ukuthi amagundane namakati angahlalisana futhi axhumane ngendlela enokuthula, adle, alale futhi adlale ndawonye, ​​ngezinye izikhathi agcina nje ukungathathi hlangothi, angasondeli komunye nomunye. Kodwa kaningi kunalokho, amakati ayingozi kumagundane, ukunyakaza kanye nephunga legundane livusa imizwa yokuzingela emakati, kusukela ekudlaleni okulula kuya ekuhlaselweni okungathi sína. Ihhashi lamagundane kufanele libe endaweni lapho amakati engafinyeleleki khona, futhi uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, kufanele kulungiswe ngokuqinile ukuze ukubuka amakati anelukuluku angawehlisi, ngisho nokugibela phezu kwekheji.

• Amagundane nonogwaja, izingulube ze-Guinea

Ungakwazi ukubona ubudlelwano obunobungane uma uhlangana ubaleka. Nakuba, ngenxa yezici ngazinye zemvelo yanoma yisiphi isilwane, zombili izinhlangothi zingalimala, ngakho ukuxhumana kufanele kugadwe.

• Amagundane namagundane amancane - amagundane, ama-hamster, ama-gerbils nabanye.

Ukuxhumana kwabo kubangela ingozi kugundane elincane, igundane lingase lihlasele futhi libangele umonakalo omkhulu, ngisho nokufa. Kukhona okuhlukile, kuyaqabukela, endabeni yokuhlala ndawonye kusukela zisencane, izilwane ziyakwazi ukuphathana ngobungane, kodwa lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka, futhi asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi igundane ngeke libangele umonakalo uma kwenzeka ukungqubuzana.

• Amagundane nezinyoni

Ezinyonini ezincane (ama-parrots amancane naphakathi, ama-finches, canaries, goldfinches), amagundane avame ukuphathwa njengezilwane. Izinyoni ezinkulu (ama-parrots amakhulu, ama-corvids) angakwazi ukulimaza igundane.

• Amagundane nama-ferrets, izinyoka, izibankwa ezinkulu, izimfudu zasemanzini, izikhova

Iyingozi kumagundane, izobona igundane njengesisulu, lingabangela ukulimala okubi ngisho nokufa.

• Amagundane nezimfudu

Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi bakwazi ukuxhumana ngendlela enobungane, ngokuvamile ukuxhumana kuzophela ngokulunywa igundane lofudu, uma kuyigundane. Izimfudu zasemanzini, ezidla ezinye, zingalimaza igundane ngokwazo.

• Amagundane nezilwane ezingenamgogodla, ama-molluscs

Igundane libona ama-mollusk, izinambuzane njengezilwane, futhi, okungenani, zingazama izinyo. Izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezinobuthi zingalimaza igundane ngokwalo, noma ngenxa yokulunywa yigundane, ukuvuma ngekhanda, isibonelo, noma ukulunywa yigundane yi-spider noma i-scorpion. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuxhumana kwegundane nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwesilwane esifuywayo, ngisho noma uqinisekile ngokuphepha kwalobu buhlobo, kufanele kugadwe, futhi ngaphandle kokushiya igundane nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo zodwa. * Izinto ezisetshenziswa ngu-Alena Kocheshkova (runa)

Ukuhamba nokudlala namagundane

Amagundane asendle ahlala emigodini evikelekile noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindawo zokucasha futhi afune ukudla ebangeni eliseduze. Lesi sakhiwo esimbaxambili sendawo yokuhlala sinquma kakhulu umuzwa wamagundane okuhlobisa futhi sibe nomthelela ekuziphatheni kwawo. Ngakho-ke, isidingo samagundane ukuhamba kwansuku zonke, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isici sokuziphatha amagundane okuhlobisa azuza njengefa kokhokho bawo basendle, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo somzimba sokunyakaza, okungenakwenzeka ngokuphelele ezimweni zekheji, futhi isidingo esingokwengqondo semibono emisha nemizwa. Nakuba ikheji liyindawo evikelekile yamagundane, ukuhamba kwenezela ukuphila kwamagundane okuhlukahlukene – kuyindawo yawo yokuhlala unomphela, lapho engafunda khona izinto ezintsha, adlale, adlale futhi axhumane ngokugcwele nomnikazi wawo. Ukuze wenze indawo yokuhamba ihehe futhi isebenziseke kumagundane, udinga ukuyihlela ngendlela efanele. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinto ezilandelayo nezinto ezilandelayo zifanelekile:

• I-Plaid noma i-bedspread
• Amabhokisi, imihubhe, imicamelo, izindlu zamakati namathoyizi, ama-napkin, amabhulokhi enziwe ngokhuni, amabhola, amagatsha amakhulu okugibela nokuqhwaba
• Amathoyizi okufundisa (isibonelo, amakati nezinja, ukuze athole ukudla kuwo)
• Indwangu eshwabene futhi ephonswe ngobukhulu obukhulu

Indawo yokuhamba ingaba kusofa noma embhedeni naphansi. Ukuhamba kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa komnikazi kuphela, ukuze kugwenywe izintambo ezigayiwe, izincwadi, ukuphuma kwamagundane, nokulimala kwamagundane noma ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo. Lapho lihamba, igundane lingadlala ngamathoyizi, ligijime ngama-labyrinths amabhokisi namanikiniki, lihlangane nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ezinobungane, libheke izibiliboco ezifihliwe, futhi lixhumane nomnikazi. Isibonelo sokuzijabulisa kwangaphandle: ithreyi elinamanzi, amatshe nama-peas aluhlaza, okufanele abanjwe futhi adliwe. Umhubhe we-Makeshift Isithombe ngu-Alena Kocheshkova (runa)

ukuqeqeshwa kwamagundane

Endabeni yamagundane (njengamakati), ukuqeqeshwa kungaphezu kokufunda okuhle kokuqiniswa. Imisebenzi enjalo negundane izosiza ukusungula ubuhlobo obuthembekile.

Ukuze uthole umklomelo, ungasebenzisa izibiliboco ezihlukahlukene igundane elikuthandayo futhi elingavamile ukukuthola. Asikho isidingo sokujezisa amagundane, igundane lizosaba, lilahlekelwe ukuzethemba futhi ngeke lisathintana.

Amagundane ayakwazi ukukhumbula nokwenza imiyalo eminingi: alethe izinto ezincane ezandleni zawo noma azifake kubhasikidi / indebe, ama-roll cardboard rolls nezinqola, agijime amagundane, agibele izintambo, agxume esuka esisekelweni aye esisekelweni nasezintweni, akhulule izintambo zezicathulo, nikeza isidladla, gingqa nokunye okuningi. Ungasebenzisa ukuchofoza, udale inkambo yesithiyo esincane, usebenzise izinto ezithuthukisiwe namathoyizi ezinja namakati. Igundane lingumngane omkhulu, umngane othakazelayo ohlakaniphile ohlakaniphile kanye nesilwane esifuywayo!