Cacisa ikhodi yofuzo yekati lakho lempilo ye-purr-fect

Ikhodi yofuzo yekati ipulani enemininingwane enquma yonke into kusukela kumbala wejazi kuya kuzici zomlingiswa kanye nenani lezinzwane ezidladleni. Izakhi zofuzo zesilwane sakho yingakho amakati e-Siamese ekhuluma kangaka, ama-Ragdoll anothando, amakati e-Sphynx anempandla, kanti amaPheresiya anobuso obuyisicaba. Nakuba izifo eziningi ziyi-multifactorial (okungukuthi, zenzeka ngezizathu eziningana, ezingaba izakhi zofuzo noma zangaphandle), abacwaningi banqume ukusebenzisa ukulandelana kwe-chromosome yofuzo ukuthi amakati anokuguqulwa kofuzo okuphakamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithile. Eminye yale mibandela ingase iqonde uhlobo oluthile.

Ukuguqulwa kofuzo

Njengabantu, amakati angaba nezinguquko ku-genome yawo ezilandelanisa amakhodi futhi zibabeke phambili ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezithile. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kusho ukuthi i-DNA enquma ukwakheka kwesilwane ingaphazanyiswa ngesikhathi esithile ekuthuthukisweni, okushiya ikati lithambekele kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izifo. Lolu shintsho ekwakhekeni kofuzo lufana nesiphazamisi kukhodi. Ezinye izifo - isifo sezinso ze-polycystic ePheresiya kanye ne-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (isifo senhliziyo) e-Maine Coons nase-Ragdolls - zaziwa ngokuthi zinezakhi zofuzo, kubhala i-International Cat Care. Ezinye izinkinga zempilo, njengesifuba somoya noma i-strabismus kumakati e-Siamese, zivame kakhulu ohlotsheni oluthile, kodwa isakhi sofuzo esivamile kubo asikabonakali.

Izingozi zezilwane ezifuywayo

Nakuba noma yiliphi ikati lingathuthukisa uguquko lwezakhi zofuzo olubangela lesi sifo, ukuphazamiseka kwezakhi zofuzo kuvame ukuvama ezilwaneni ezingaxutshwe nalutho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abalimi bakhetha abantu abazozalanisa izici ezithile, ezingandisa ingozi yezinkinga zofuzo. Bangase futhi bazale amakati ahlobene kakhulu ngokobulili (inbreeding). Kwezinye izimo, njenge-Munchkins (amakati amancane anemilenze emifushane) noma izinhlobo ze-brachycephalic (ezinekhala elifushane) njengamaPheresiya, uhlobo ngokwalo lungase lube nezici ezithinta kabi izinga lokuphila lekati. Abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nalabo abacabanga nje ngokuthola isilwane esifuywayo kufanele baqaphele izindaba zokuzilungisa eziqondene nezinhlobo ezithile.

Isibonelo, ama-Munchkins mahle kakhulu (wabheke!), kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-dwarfism empeleni ingukuguqulwa kofuzo okungadala izinkinga zempilo esilwaneni. Amakati amancane avame ukuba nezinkinga ezihlangene kanye nomgogodla ogobile, okwandisa ingozi yamadiski e-herniated. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la makati angabiza kakhulu (amanye ama-kittens abiza ama-ruble angaphezu kuka-70), futhi abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo abangaqaphile ngokuvamile abazi ukuthi yiziphi izikweletu zezilwane ezibalindele.

Izinhlobo ezinoboya

Ubuwazi yini ukuthi i-DNA yamakati neyabantu ifana ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-90? Ngokusho kwe-Stanford University's Tech Museum of Innovation, uma uklelisa izinhlamvu eziyikhulu zekhodi yofuzo, ziyishumi kuphela kuzo ezizohluka phakathi kwakho nekati lakho. I-DNA yethu iphinde ihlanganyele amaphesenti angu-98 nezimfene kanye namaphesenti angu-80 nezinkomo (namaphesenti angaphezu kuka-60 nobhanana, ngokusho kweNational Human Genome Research Institute, ngakho-ke mhlawumbe akufanele sijabule kakhulu).

Kungani uqhathanisa izakhi zofuzo zekati? Ukuhlaziya nokuqhathanisa izakhi zofuzo zezilwane kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokufunda izifo ezithathelwanayo njenge-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) kanye ne-human (HIV). Ukutadisha izakhi zofuzo zekati akusisizi nje kuphela ukuthi sinakekele kangcono abangani bethu bezilwane, kuphinde kusisize siqonde izinkinga zethu zofuzo futhi sithuthukise izindlela ezintsha zokubhekana nokwelapha izifo ezinezakhi zofuzo.

Kulezi zinsuku, ungahlola ulibofuzo lwekati lakho ngeqoqo lesampula elilula emtholampilo wezilwane wangakini. Udokotela wezilwane uzothumela isampula elabhorethri ukuze ihlaziywe, futhi kufanele ukwazi ukuthola imiphumela emasontweni ambalwa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kungase kwembule ulwazi olufana nobungozi besifo, cishe amadlozi, ngisho nokufana kwesilwane sakho esifuywayo kwezinye izinhlobo zekati lasendle.

Ukuqonda izakhi zofuzo ze-feline kungakusiza ukuthi unakekele ukuvimbela izifo nokugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila engcono kakhulu yesilwane sakho. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ungathola ulwazi mayelana namadlozi esilwane sakho esifuywayo futhi unqume ukuthi sinakho yini ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo okuholela ezifweni zofuzo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngisho noma ikati lakho linoguquko lwezakhi zofuzo olukhomba isifo, akusho ukuthi lizogula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi eziningi zalezi zifo ziyi-multifactorial noma i-polygenic futhi zingadinga izakhi zofuzo eziningi noma izimo ezithile ukuze zithuthuke. Udokotela wakho wezilwane uzokwazi ukukweluleka ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kofuzo lwekati lakho. Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kuzokusiza uqonde isilwane sakho ngaphakathi ngaphandle futhi sikunikeze izimo ezingcono kakhulu nokunakekelwa ukuze niphile impilo ende nenempilo ndawonye.

Ubuwazi ukuthi ucwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo luphinde lukusize ukhethe ukudla okulungile kwekati lakho? Eqinisweni, ochwepheshe base-Hill's Pet Nutrition bachaza i-feline genome emuva ngo-2008 futhi bahambisa imiphumela ku-Morris Animal Foundation ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo olwengeziwe. Sisebenzisa lolu cwaningo ukuze senze ukudla kwamakati okucabangela isayensi yezinto eziphilayo zemvelo yesilwane ukuze sibe nempilo ejabulisayo nenempilo.

Izinyathelo Zokuzalanisa

Uma uhlela ukuzalanisa amakati, ukwazi izakhi zofuzo zohlobo kanye nokuhlola izilwane ezizalanisa izifo zofuzo kuzokusiza ugweme ukudlulisela noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kofuzo enzalweni yakho. Lokhu kuye kwaba njalo, isibonelo, nge-polycystic kidney disease (PKD) kumakati anobuso obuyisicaba. I-PBP ibangela ukuthi ama-cyst akheke ezinso zamakati athintekile, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso ngaphambi kwesikhathi. I-PKD iyi-autosomal dominant genetic disorder elula, okusho ukuthi idluliselwa enzalweni ngisho noma umzali oyedwa kuphela onokuguquguquka. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kwathuthukiswa ukuze kutholwe lokhu kuguqulwa kofuzo, futhi ukwanda kwe-PKD kwehliswa kakhulu ngokuhlola amakati ukuze kukhethwe ukukhwelana.

Uma ungumnikazi wesilwane esifuywayo, sincoma ukuthi usiphe noma usike isilwane sakho ukuze ugweme uhlelo lokuzalela ekhaya. Esikhundleni sokuthola izinyane lekati elihlanzekile, ungathatha ikati noma ikati elikhulile endaweni yokukhosela izilwane. Bangase babe nezakhi zofuzo ezahlukene, kodwa nakanjani uzokwazi ukuthola eyodwa ezoba umngane ophelele kuwe.

Uma ufuna ukuhlola izakhi zofuzo zekati lakho, ungaxhumana nezinkampani ezenza ukuhlola kofuzo ezingakusiza ukuthi ubone uhlobo lwamadlozi ekati lakho futhi uthole izeluleko mayelana nokugcina impilo nokuphila kahle.

Ukwazi ukwakheka kofuzo lwesilwane sakho esifuywayo kuyajabulisa, kodwa kubalulekile futhi ukusiphatha njengabantu abanezidingo nezici wena nodokotela wakho wezilwane enizazi kangcono. Ngokuhlinzeka ngokudla okunomsoco kanye nendawo enempilo, kanye nokucabangela izakhi zofuzo, ungaba nomthelela omuhle empilweni kanye nokuphila kahle kwekati lakho.