Izifo ze-broiler: incazelo yezifo zabo, izimpawu nezindlela zokwelapha

Kukholakala ukuthi ama-broilers awuhlobo olulinyelwe inyama. Ingabe ngempela? Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi ama-broilers awumugqa oxutshwe ngokukhethekile. Yatholwa ngesikhathi sokuwela, kusetshenziswa abantu abambalwa bohlobo lwenyama. Ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu, uhlobo olunjalo ngeke lube khona. Iqiniso liwukuthi laba bantu baneqoqo lezimpawu zokwenziwa ezingagciniwe enzalweni elandelayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isizukulwane ngasinye esilandelanayo sidinga ukuthelwa igazi lesizwe elingaxutshiwe.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi namuhla kunezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezifuywayo. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• i-broiler goose;
• Indlovukazi;
• idada le-broiler.

Isayensi yesimanje iya phambili, ngakho namuhla kungenzeka ukwandisa isisindo somzimba womuntu kuze kube izikhathi ezingamashumi amahlanu esikhathini esiyinyanga nengxenye. Odokotela bezilwane kanye nezazi zofuzo baqhamuke nendlela eqhubekayo yokukhuluphala, kanye nokugcina inkukhu yenyama. Ngokumangalisayo, ukudla okunomsoco okutholwe ngendlela yamakhilogremu amabili okuphakelayo kukuvumela ukuba uzuze isisindo kuze kufike kilogram eyodwa. Asikho isilwane esikwazi ukumangala ngokukhula okusheshayo okungaka. Yingakho ukuzalaniswa kwalolu hlobo kuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi banamuhla.

Izifo zezinkukhu

Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-hybrid precocious luthambile kakhulu futhi lumnandi. Ubudala babo bubaluleke kakhulu, ngakho badinga umthwalo wemfanelo okhethekile nokunakekelwa. Ucwaningo nokubheka kwaveza izikhathi eziyingozi kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isikhathi esisuka osukwini lokuqala kuya kolwesihlanu, kusukela kolwamashumi amabili nane kuya kolwamashumi amabili nanhlanu. Futhi kusukela osukwini lwamashumi amathathu nanhlanu kuya osukwini lwamashumi amane. Ngalezi zikhathi, ama-broilers akhombisa ukwanda ukuzwela komgudu wokugaya ukudla. Izifo zezinkukhu ze-broiler: i-enteritis, i-cuticulitis, i-gastritis.

Futhi, inkukhu ivame ukugula ngezifo zokuphefumula. Izifo zezinkukhu ze-broiler zingaba kanje: i-sinusitis, i-bronchitis, i-pneumonia. Imvamisa, ama-broilers nawo akhathazeka ngezifo zamalunga. Ukuze ukwelashwa kuphumelele, kubalulekile ukuhlonza lesi sifo kusenesikhathi. Ukuze uhlole lesi sifo ngendlela efanele futhi ngokushesha, udinga ukwazi izimpawu zaso.

Njengomthetho, cishe zonke izifo ze-broiler zivela ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele. Lezi yizifo ezingathelelani. Ngokwemvelo, umuntu kuphela okufanele asolwe ngalezi zifo.

dyspepsia

In itshwele usuku ubudala alukho uhlelo lokugaya ukudla oluthuthukisiwe. Imfihlo yayo yesisu ine-asidi ephansi kanye nenani elincane lama-enzyme okugaya. Ngenxa yokudla okuhlanganiswe ngokungalungile, izifo zomgudu wokugaya ukudla zenzeka.

Ngaphezu kokuthi imbangela ye-dyspepsia uhlelo lokugaya olungakathuthukisiwe, ukondla noma yikuphi ukudla okunesikhunta, ukubola, kuyingozi kakhulu kuma-broilers. Uma inkukhu iphuza amanzi asezingeni eliphansi, idliwe ngokweqile ngemuva kwesiteleka sendlala, noma ukudla okungagayeki kungeniswa ekudleni, i-dyspepsia nayo iyabonwa. Qaphela ukuthi ukudla okungagayeki kuhlanganisa: rye, ibhali, amafutha.

Kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ezilwaneni ezisencane kanye noshintsho kungazelelwe kusuka kwesinye feed kuya kwesinye, noma ukwethulwa kokuphakelayo okungajwayelekile. Ukudla okungajwayelekile kufaka: utshani obusha, i-silage, ukudla kwamaprotheni.

Imbangela ye-dyspepsia ingaba nokungondleki ezinkukhwini zomhlambi kamama. Ukudla okungalungile kuholela ekwephuleni ukuthuthukiswa kombungu.

Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini athile, amaminerali, iphutha ekunakekelweni yizici ezibangela ukusakazeka kwezifo. Lapho lezi zici zisebenza, khona-ke umsebenzi wokugaya uqala ukuphazamiseka ezinyoni. Kulokhu, ukudla kumane kuqhubeke, kubole futhi kufake ubuthi emzimbeni. Ngeshwa, ezimweni ezinjalo, ukufa kwenzeka.

Njengomthetho, lapho inkukhu igula, ukubonakala kwayo kunezibonakaliso ezilandelayo: ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala. Itshwele alidli kahle,linwetshiwe igolo, avale amehlo. Uphawu oluyinhloko isifo sohudo. Inombala ophuzi-oluhlaza, omhlophe, noma onsundu. Ngokuvamile isifo sohudo sihambisana ne-foamy mass, kukhona futhi ingxube ye-mucus. Indle iqukethe izinhlayiya zokudla okungagayeki. Futhi i-cloaca ingcolile.

Izenzo zokuvimbela i-dyspepsia

• Ngaphambi kokufika kwabantu abasha, kuyadingeka ukufudumala igumbi libe ngama-degree angu-32. Izinto zokulala kufanele zifudumale. Akufanele kuphole izisu zezinkukhu. Uma zipholile, khona-ke ukudla ngeke kukwazi ukuncibilika kahle, inkaba ngeke iphole kahle.
• Ngaphambi kokuba utshale izinkukhu, kubalulekile ukuthi abaphuzayo babe namanzi afudumele nahlanzekile. I-ascorbic acid kanye ne-glucose kumele kwengezwe kulawa manzi. Kuzothatha cishe amagremu amabili e-ascorbic acid, kanye namagremu angu-50 eglucose ilitha ngalinye lamanzi. Le nqubo ngeke ivumele amagciwane ukuthi aphindaphindeke emathunjini. Izinqubo zokubola kokudla ngeke zithuthuke. Isengezo esinjalo emanzini okuphuza sivuselela ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane e-lactic acid.
• Uma i-broiler ibuthakathaka, khona-ke i-vitamin ekhethekile ne-mineral complex izomsiza.
• Kunconywa ukuthi ungadli izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezi-6 ngosuku. Ukudla kufanele kube okusanhlamvu okuncane, okuqukethe inani elincane lamafutha namaprotheni. Isibonelo, i-millet, i-oatmeal, i-cottage shizi engenawo amafutha, iyogathi, i-acidophilus-yeast whey.
• Amanzi okuphuza ashintshiwe kwafakwa izixazululo ezikhethekile.
• Ungafaki ekudleni kwezilwane ezincane ukudla okuqukethe umcako.

Izithako

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-starter feed ilungele ukuphakela izilwane ezincane.

I-BioMos

Njenge-prophylaxis yanoma yikuphi ukutheleleka, ungakwazi ukwengeza i-BioMos. Isenzo salo muthi ukuthi sisusa ubuthi emzimbeni, kanye nama-pathogens. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwamasonto amabili, i-1 grams yalesi sidakamizwa kufanele ifakwe nge-2 kg. Khona-ke amanye amaviki ama-2 udinga ukwengeza igremu eyi-1 kilogram ngayinye. Khona-ke ungakwazi ukwengeza isigamu segram.

I-Bifidum - SHŽ

Ukuze kubuyiselwe ngokuphelele i-microflora, kanye nangemva kwenkambo yemithi elwa namagciwane, ukulungiswa kwe-Bifidum-SHJ kulungele. Lapho ukhonza, kufanele kube nesilinganiso semithamo emi-5 kuya kumakhanda angama-200. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlambulula umuthi emanzini bese wengeza ekudleni noma emanzini okuphuza.

Uma amaphuphu ekhuliswa ngaphandle, kufanele kunikezwe ukudla nokuphuziswa kwetshwele ngalinye. Ikakhulukazi, lokhu kufanele kukhunjulwe lapho kusakazwa ukudla ngezidakamizwa ze-prophylactic. Qaphela ukuthi inkambiso yangaphambili yokuphakela ingama-2,5 cm, nokuphuza - 1 cm.

I-bronchopneumonia

Lesi sifo sithinta kakhulu izilwane ezincane ezifinyelele eminyakeni engamaviki angu-2-3. Njengomthetho, isici esibangela lesi sifo yi-hypothermia.

Umuntu ogulayo unezimpawu ezifana ne-rhinitis, sinusitis, laryngotracheitis. Izinkomba zangaphandle: ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuhefuzela, umlomo ovulekile njalo, intamo yelulelwe phambili. Inkukhu egulayo inokubukeka okuzimele, ayidli kahle. Isimo sesiguli siya siba sibi. Inkukhu ilahlekelwa isisindo ngokushesha, ihlezi ngesikhathi sokuqala. Izimpaphe zibukeka zingahlelekile futhi zishwabene.

Kubantu ngabanye, kukhona ukusabela okubukhali ekuntuleni umoya-mpilo. Ukungabikho komoya ojwayelekile kungaholela ekuweni kwesisu, i-hydropericarditis, ne-pulmonary edema.

Ukuze ugweme isifo se-broiler ukuthi singenzeki, kuyadingeka landela izincomo ezithile:

• Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-microclimate. Ngosuku lokuqala lokuphila kwenkukhu, kufanele kube nezinga lokushisa lomoya eliphakeme kakhulu, cishe ama-degree angama-30. Ukuhlushwa komoyampilo kufanele okungenani kube amaphesenti ayi-17.
• Inhlanzeko. Izingubo zokulala akufanele zivunyelwe ukuba manzi futhi zingcolile.
• Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, i-hypothermia akufanele yenzeke.

Uma, noma kunjalo, i-bronchopneumonia isifikile, kufanele qala ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Imithi elandelayo isiza ukulwa nesifo sezinkukhu:

• I-Neomycin, i-synthomycin, i-erythromycin kanye ne-r.
• I-Belcospira yomlomo. Isesimweni sempushana futhi incibilika kahle oketshezini.
• I-Enroxil. Iqukethe amaphesenti angu-10 e-enrofloxacin. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sidakamizwa siyi-antibiotic entsha.
• I-Gentamicin iyimpushana encibilika kalula.
• Futhi njll.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa le mithi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho wezilwane. Udokotela wazi kangcono ukuthi zingavinjelwa kanjani futhi zelaphe kanjani izifo ze-broiler.

I-Hypovitaminosis A

Lesi sifo singabangela ukuntuleka kwe-retinol. Ngokushoda kwayo, i-broiler metabolism efanele ingase iphazamiseke. Njengomthetho, inkukhu enezinga eliphansi le-retinol ne-carotenoids ku-yolk ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwe-fetus ihlushwa i-hypovitaminosis ne-beriberi.

Izinsuku zokuqala zesifo, lesi sibonakaliso esilandelayo sibonakala: isifiso esincane sokudla. Ukukhula okuncane kunezimpaphe ezihlakazekile, akwenzeki, kubuthakathaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yiziphi izifo zesistimu yokugaya zingakhula. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba nezifo zesimiso sezinzwa. Ngesikhathi salesi sifo, kuphawulwa i-gait enyakazayo, ewela emhlane. Ngokuvamile izinkukhu ezigulayo zivele zihambe indilinga eyodwa.

Isici sesici - "ubumpumputhe ebusuku". Lokhu kusho ukuthi umbono wokuhwalala ukhululekile.

Ukuze lesi sifo singenzeki, noma ukwelashwa kwaso, ukudla kungeniswa ekudleni, okucebile izaqathe, ufulawa we-herbal. Kwesinye isikhathi ingxube ibuye isetshenziswe.

I-Hypovitaminosis D

Kwenzeka uma kukhona ukwehluleka kumetabolism ye-phosphorus-calcium. Kulokhu, ukubonakala kwama-rickets kubonakala ezilwaneni ezincane. Ngokuqondene nama-broilers asekhulile, amathambo awo athambile.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kuhamba kancane. Lolu hlobo lwe-hypovitaminosis luzibonakalisa ngesimo sobuthakathaka, ukukhathala, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ukuqunjelwa, isifo sohudo, ukuthambisa kanye nokuguqulwa kwamathambo. Umuntu ogulayo uyaxhuga kuqala. Izitho zakhe ziyaqhaqhazela, futhi ikhanda lakhe likhula kakhulu ngosayizi. Uma lesi sifo singelashwa, i-broiler ingase iyeke ukuhamba.

Abantu abagulayo kufanele babekwe ekamelweni elinendawo enkulu nokukhanya okuhle. Badinga ukuhanjwa. Ngokuqondene nokudla, kufanele kube okulinganiselayo futhi okunomsoco. Ukudla kufanele kube nawo wonke amavithamini namaminerali adingekayo, kufanele kube khona amafutha ezinhlanzi kanye nokulungiswa okugxilile kwe-calfitserol. Ngokuqondene nomthamo, kufanele uphindwe kabili uma kuqhathaniswa nomthamo we-prophylaxis elula.

I-Hypovitaminosis E

Njengomthetho, iminyaka yama-broilers aphethwe yilesi sifo amasonto amathathu kuya kwamahlanu. Izimpawu zalesi sifo zihlanganisa: ubuthakathaka, ukukhubazeka ingxenye yesitho. Kungase kube nama-twitches. Ukuze ugweme lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukufaka ama-oats ahluma kanye nofulawa wotshani ekudleni.

Iqembu lezifo ezithathelwanayo

Ngokuvamile, ama-broilers aqala izifo ezithathelwanayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa isifo sohudo, isifo sohudo esimhlophe, i-mycoplasmosis yokuphefumula, njll. Ukwelashwa kwazo zonke izifo ezithathelwanayo, ezikhuntayo kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kweso likadokotela wezilwane.

Ukugwema izifo

Ukuze uvimbele ukuvela kwezifo, kuyadingeka ukufeza ukuvimbela kwazo. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela ukubulala amagciwane. Lo mcimbi kufanele wenziwe ngisho nasemapulazini amancane. Ukubulala amagciwane ukuhlanzwa kwegumbi kusuka ezintweni ezingcolile, kanye nothuli. Ukugcinwa kwezinto eziphakelayo, iziphuzo kanye nezinto zokusebenza kufanele kube kuhle. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kufanele baphathwe ngezixazululo ezikhethekile. Igumbi kufanele lifakwe umoya ngezikhathi ezithile, lifakwe amaphutha. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlanza igumbi.

Isimo esilandelayo ukudla okulinganiselayo kanye ukuthola izidakamizwa ezithile. Ama-broilers kufanele athole inkimbinkimbi yamavithamini nsuku zonke, noma ukudla okuqukethe. Akufanele neze ukudla okukhuntile, okumuncu, okufriziwe kungene ekudleni. Iminyaka yobudala ngayinye idinga ukukhetha ukudla okufanele. Futhi okufanelekile kumuntu omdala akufanele kuphakelwe izilwane ezincane.

Izinga lamanzi kufanele libe phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka futhi liqukathe amalungiselelo engeziwe. Ukunakekelwa okufanele nakho kubalulekile - imfudumalo nokuhlanzeka.