Izimila zamabele ezinjeni nasemakati

Izimpawu zezimila zamabele

Ukuqala kwalesi sifo kungase kungabonakali, ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezinoboya obukhulu. Ezinyangeni zokuqala, umnikazi angakwazi, lapho eshaya isisu noma ehlola izindlala ze-mammary, abone izimpawu, zingaba zincane kakhulu, ubukhulu be-pea. Nokho, lokhu kakade kuyimbangela yokukhathazeka. Amabele nawo angashisa. Kungase kube nokuphuma ezingonweni zombala osobala, ophuzi noma obomvu. Ezigabeni zakamuva, umnikazi angase athole izitshalo ezinkulu ezivame ukuba nezilonda, ezinuka kabi futhi eziphumayo. Isimo esijwayelekile sesilwane singase sibe sibi kakhulu: ukukhathala, ukuntuleka noma ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla, njalonjalo. Kuyadingeka ukubonana nodokotela ukuze acacise ukuxilongwa, ngoba, isibonelo, i-mastitis noma ukukhulelwa okungamanga kungase kwenzeke ngezimpawu ezifanayo. Izimpawu eziyingozi kakhulu ezidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha:

• ukukhula ngokushesha kwesimila
• ukuguquka kwesimo nombala wemfundo
• ubuhlungu, ububomvu, ukuvuvukala
• ukubukeka kokuguguleka kanye nezilonda

Izimbangela zokwakheka kwezimila ze-mammary glands

• Njengomthetho, izimila zincike kuma-hormone. Kunezifundo eziningi zokuthi ukuthenwa ngaphambi kwe-estrus yokuqala (yebo, ukuthenwa ukukhishwa kwesibeletho, ama-ovari, ama-testes - kungakhathalekile ukuthi ubulili buni) kunciphisa ubungozi bokuthola izimila zamabele (BM) kuye ku-0,5%. Uma uthena ngemva kokushisa kokuqala - 8%, 26% ngemva kokushisa kwesibili, emva kwesithathu - ukuthena akuthinti nganoma iyiphi indlela.

• Kwabesilisa, ukungalingani okukhulu kwe-hormonal kungaholela ku-pathology.

• Ukunikezwa njalo kwezidakamizwa esilwaneni ukucindezela isifiso sobulili nakho kwandisa amathuba okuthuthukisa i-oncology.

• Imidlwane yamanga kuma-bitches nayo ingaholela ekushintsheni kwe-mammary gland. I-Mastitis, i-mastopathy ikhula, esikhathini esizayo ingaholela kumdlavuza.

• Ukukhuluphala kwezilwane.

Kungani ama-neoplasms eyingozi?

Ingozi enkulu ye-AMF ise-metastasis. Amangqamuzana ashintshile asakazwa ngegazi noma imithambo ye-lymphatic ezitho nezicubu zomzimba wonke, amaphaphu athinteka kakhulu. Izilwane zifa ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwezitho zangaphakathi, ukukhathala, ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo nezinye izimbangela ezibangelwa i-oncology. Futhi, izicubu ezivuliwe zingamasango okutheleleka, zingakhula futhi zibangele i-sepsis - ubuthi begazi.

Izigaba zokukhula kwezimila zamabele

Isigaba somdlavuza webele sisekelwe kulokhu:

• isimo sokugxila okuyinhloko;
• isimo sesimila ngokwaso;
• ukuba khona kwama-lymph nodes ashintshiwe;
• ukuba khona kwama-metastases akude.

Kukholelwa ukuthi umbandela wokuziphatha okungalungile kwe-tumor ubukhulu be-tumor: amakati angama-3 centimeters noma ngaphezulu, ezinja zezinhlobo eziphakathi 5-7 amasentimitha noma ngaphezulu.

Isiteji 1 - uphawu oluncane noma iqhubu elifika ku-1 cm ububanzi, ama-metastase awatholakali. Isigaba 2 - i-neoplasm efinyelela ku-3 cm ububanzi, azikho izimpawu ze-metastasis. Isiteji sesi-3 - ukwakheka okukhudlwana okufika ku-5 cm ububanzi, kungase kube mnyama ebusweni nasezingqimbeni ezijulile zesilonda, ezingopha, kukhona ama-metastases kuma-lymph nodes. Isigaba 4 - isimila sikhulu kuno-5 cm ububanzi. Kukhona ama-metastases ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zomzimba, kaningi emaphashini. Imvamisa, odokotela bezilwane bahlangabezana ne-metastasis esibindini, ubende, amanyikwe, kanye nezicubu zamathambo. Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukunquma isigaba sokukhula ngeso. Ukuze wenze isinqumo ngokwelashwa okufanele, kuzodingeka izinqubo eziningi zokuxilonga.   

Diagnostics

• Ukuhlola isilwane mathupha. I-Palpation yezindlala ze-mammary, ama-lymph nodes angaphandle.
• I-Auscultation. Ukulalela ukububula emaphashini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (i-biochemical kanye nomtholampilo). Ukuhlolwa kwesimo sokusebenza esijwayelekile somzimba.
• I-Ultrasound yomgodi wesisu kanye ne-thoracic. Ukuhlonza izinguquko zesakhiwo ezithweni, ukuba khona kwama-metastases amakhulu.
• I-x-ray yesifuba ngehora lesine! izilinganiso. Ukuhlolwa kwesimo sezicubu zamaphaphu, ukutholwa kwama-metastase. Isithombe esisodwa asanele ukuxilonga kahle.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Cytological kukuvumela ukuthi wenze ukuxilongwa kokuqala.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-histological ye-tumor esusiwe kuzosiza ukucacisa ngokunembile uhlobo lwe-neoplasm, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luyingozi noma cha.
• Ukusesha umdlavuza usebenzisa i-computed tomography. Okuhlukile kwe-x-ray kanye ne-ultrasound, kodwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kuncike esigabeni se-oncology, isimo esijwayelekile sesilwane, izifo ezihambisanayo. Ezigabeni 1 no-2, odokotela abahlinzayo bavame ukutusa i-mastectomy - ukuhlinzwa ukuze kukhishwe indlala yebele. Ngokuvamile, lonke uchungechunge lwezindlala luyasuswa (i-mastectomy ehlangene), ngezinye izikhathi (ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala) kwenziwa i-mastectomy eyingxenye, ukukhishwa kabusha kwamaphakethe athile ezindlala kuphela. Uma izilonda zikhona nhlangothi zombili, khona-ke ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana, ngoba ukungenelela kunamandla kakhulu, kubuhlungu futhi ukunikezwa kwesikhumba kuyadingeka ukuze kuqiniswe imiphetho yesilonda. Kuyanconywa futhi ukuthenwa isilwane ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngokuvamile, odokotela abahlinzayo bathola izinguquko ezicutshini zesibeletho nama-ovari. Esimweni esinjalo, ukuhlinzwa kungenzeka ngezigaba ezintathu. Kubalulekile ukuthi i-oncologist eyenza ukuhlinzwa iqonde i-ablastics - okungukuthi, iyazi imithetho yokukhipha isisu ukuze ingashiyi amangqamuzana angakwazi ukuphindaphinda futhi ukuze i-metastasis ingenzeki. Ukususwa kwe-neoplasm kwenziwa ngokubanjwa okukhulu kwezicubu ezizungezile kanye nokususwa kwe-lymph node eseduze. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, isilwane sifakwa ishubhu elikhethekile lokudonsa amanzi endaweni yomthungo, lapho umuthi ujovwa khona ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu. Futhi, ikati noma inja ithola izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-analgesic ngohlelo. I-Chemotherapy isetshenziswa uma kwenzeka kungenakwenzeka ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa noma ngemva kokunquma uhlobo oluthile lwe-neoplasm, uma kunesidingo. Kunamaphrothokholi amaningi ahlukene. I-oncologist ikhetha ngamunye, ngokusekelwe ezicini zesiguli. Ubude besikhathi sokuphila kokubonakala kwezicubu zesifuba buxhomeke esiteji kanye nezinga lokusabalala kwenqubo. Ukutholwa ezinyathelweni zokuqala kuvumela ukuqala ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo, okuvumela ukususa ngokuphelele isisu futhi kuqinisekiswe ukukhululwa kwesikhathi eside - kusukela eminyakeni engu-3-5 noma ngaphezulu. Uma isimo sesilwane sinzima kangangokuthi ayikho kulezi zindlela ezingenhla ezifanele, abanikazi banquma ukwenza i-euthanasia noma ukukhwabanisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokuphila.   Isikhathi se-postoperative Izinkinga ezingenzeka ngemva kokuhlinzwa

• Ukutheleleka kwe-Suture
• Ukuhlukana kwe-sutures, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezindaweni ze-axillary kanye ne-inguinal ngenxa yesamba esikhulu sezicubu ezisusiwe kanye nokuhamba okuphezulu kwe-suture kulezi zindawo.
• Ukuvela kabusha kwesimila noma ukusabalala komdlavuza okungazange kutholwe ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuhlinzwa

Ukuvimbela ukukhothwa kanye nokutheleleka kwe-sutures, ingubo yokulala kanye nekholomu yangemva kokuhlinzwa, futhi ukuvinjelwa kokuhamba kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa kwama-sutures, cishe amasonto ama-2. Kungcono ukushiya isilwane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokuhlinzwa esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi nezinqubo. Izilwane ezifuywayo eziningi zikhishwa esibhedlela ezinsukwini ezingu-1-5 ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuye ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kungakanani kanye nesimo sesiguli. Izilwane eziningi azidingi ukukhohlisa okwengeziwe kakade ezinsukwini ezingu-3-5 ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Iziguli zimenywa ekuqokweni kwesibili nge-oncologist kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo izinsuku ezingu-12-16 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kokuhlolwa kwesibili nokususwa kwe-sutures esikhumbeni.

Prevention

Isixazululo esiqinisekile kungaba ukuthena isilwane esifuywayo ngaphambi kokuqala kokuthomba, ikakhulukazi uma isilwane singesona isibalo sokuzala. Uma isilwane singenawo ama-neutered, sihlole kaningi, qaphela izindlala zebele zamakati nezinja zakho, ikakhulukazi uma sezivele ziphakathi noma zindala. Yenza ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwesilwane sakho esifuywayo minyaka yonke, ngokungangabazeki lokhu kusiza ukuhlonza nokuqala ukwelashwa hhayi kuphela kwezimila zamabele, kodwa nezinye izifo ngaphambili. Ukuvakashela udokotela njalo nezilwane ezindala kuneminyaka engu-6, ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwezimila ezigabeni zokuqala kunciphisa ingozi yokufa kwezilwane ngenxa yomdlavuza.