Urolithiasis emakati nasezinjeni

I-Urolithiasis (UCD) yisifo esibonakala ngokwakhiwa kwamatshe (i-calculi) ezingxenyeni zohlelo lomchamo - ezinso nasesinye.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu

I-Urolithiasis ingaba yi-asymptomatic isikhathi eside. Isilwane asikhombisi ukukhathazeka, sinokuchama okujwayelekile. Nokho, ngesinye isikhathi, izimpawu ezifana:

• ukuchama kanzima. Amakati ahlala ethreyini isikhathi eside, futhi ngenxa yalokho, awukho nhlobo umchamo noma amaconsi ambalwa, angase enqabe ukuya endlini yangasese ethreyini futhi afune ezinye izindawo zendlu yangasese. Izinja nazo zihlala phansi noma ziphakamise izidladla zazo isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile kube nhlanga zimuka nomoya.
• isimo esishubile esingeyona eyemvelo lapho uchama;
• ukwanda kokukhathazeka, ukuphimisela, ulaka, ukukhothwa kwe-perineal;
• igazi emchameni;
• ngezinye izikhathi ngemva kokuchama, ungathola isihlabathi noma amatshe amancane;
• isifiso esivamile sokuya endlini yangasese, izingxenye ezincane noma ukungabi namchamo nhlobo;
• ubuhlungu besisu endaweni yesinye noma izinso;
• ukuncipha noma ukuswela ukudla.

Lezi zimpawu zingase zibe izimpawu zezinye izifo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwenza izinqubo zokuxilonga.

I-ICD eyingozi

Kuyini urolithiasis eyingozi? Izinso zezinso zingahlala isikhathi eside futhi zingazizwa nhlobo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba wukutholakala kwengozi lapho isilwane senziwa i-x-ray ngenxa yesinye isifo noma ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ingozi eyinhloko yenzeka lapho i-calculus ingena ku-ureters - izitho ezincane ezingenalutho lapho umchamo ophuma ezinso ungena esinyeni. Itshe lingadala ukuvinjelwa okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kwe-ureter. Uma kwenzeka ukuvinjelwa okuphelele esilwaneni, izimpawu zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Umchamo awukwazi ukudlula, kodwa uyaqhubeka ukwakhiwa, i-hydronephrosis ivela futhi izinso zingafa. Ukulimala kwezinso ezinzima kuyathuthuka, okubonakaliswa ukwanda kwe-creatinine, urea, i-potassium egazini, ebulalayo kumakati nezinja. Ngokuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi, kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa ukuze kukhishwe itshe futhi kufakwe i-stent ku-ureter. Lapho amatshe akha esinyeni, asesabi kangako. Emakati nabesilisa, i-urethra ende nencane namatshe amancane noma isihlabathi esinamafinyila, i-epithelium, amangqamuzana egazi avele abhajwe kuwo. Ngakho-ke, futhi, ukuvinjelwa nokuchichima kwesinye kwenzeka, kodwa izinso "azikwazi" ngalokhu, ukuqhubeka nokukhiqiza umonakalo owuketshezi kanye nezinso ezinzima ziqala futhi. Emakati nakuma-bitches, i-urethra ngokuvamile ayivaleki. Amatshe amancane nesihlabathi kudluliselwa ngesikhathi sokuchama, kodwa kungase kube namatshe amakhulu emgodini wesinye. Amatshe alimaza esinyeni kanye ne-urethra, abangele umonakalo, ukopha, ukuvuvukala okukhulu, futhi angakhula abe ulwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ngokwemvelo, zonke lezi zinqubo zihambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu.

 Izinkinga ze-ICD

Kunezici eziningi zokuvela kwe-urolithiasis:

• Ukudla okungalungile.
• Ukwephulwa kokuhwebelana kwamaminerali namanzi emzimbeni.
• Izifo ezithathelwanayo zesistimu ye-urinary. Enye yezimbangela eziyinhloko ze-urolithiasis ezinjeni.
• Ukuphuza uketshezi oluphansi. Ngenxa yalokho, amakristalu akha umchamo ogxile kakhulu.
• Ukuthambekela kofuzo.
• Izifo ezingamahlalakhona ze-excretory system.
• Ukucindezeleka.
• Umsebenzi ophansi.
• Ukhuluphele ngokweqile.
• Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kwesistimu yomchamo.

Izinhlobo zamakristalu

Ngokusho kokwakheka kwawo kanye nemvelaphi, amakristalu ayizinhlobo ezahlukene. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amatshe amakhulu angaqukatha izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakristalu, amangqamuzana egazi, i-epithelium yesinye, i-mucus nezinye izinto.

• Ama-struvites awuhlobo oluncibilikayo lwamakristalu, yiwona avame kakhulu. Akhiwa ikakhulukazi kumchamo we-alkaline, anesimo esiyindilinga esibushelelezi nombala omhlophe.

•  Ama-oxalates awuhlobo olungancibiliki. I-Radiopaque calculi, inemiphetho ebukhali namakhona, nombala onsundu. Yakheka ikakhulukazi kumchamo one-acidic. Amatshe anjalo angavinjelwa kuphela.

•  Ama-Urates akhiwa kumchamo one-acidic. Ukutholwa kwalolu hlobo lwamatshe kubaluleke kakhulu futhi uphenyo olwengeziwe lufanelekile njengoba le nkinga ivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-portosystemic shunt ezinjeni. Abukeka njengezinhlamvu zesihlabathi namatshe anombala ophuzi noma onsundu.

• Ama-Cystin amatshe avela ngenxa ye-cystinuria (ukumuncwa okungalungile kwama-amino acid). Amafomu awafani ngendlela, aphuzi noma amhlophe. Lesi sifo sibonakala kaningi kubantu asebekhulile (abangaphezu kweminyaka emi-5). 

1 - struvite 2 - oxalate 3 - urate 4 - cystine

Diagnostics

Kubalulekile ukwenza izifundo zokuxilonga ngesikhathi esifanele.

• Ukuhlaziywa komchamo okuvamile. Isampula esisha kuphela okufanele sithunyelwe ukuze sihlolwe. Umchamo omile ngisho namahora ambalwa awusafanele ukuhlaziya, njengoba amakristalu angamanga agcwala kuwo, ngokulandelana, isilwane singatholakala ngephutha. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile, kwamakhemikhali e-biochemical ukuthola ukwehluleka kwezinso. Futhi, ukuze kutholakale isifo sezinso kusenesikhathi, umchamo uthathwa ngokwesilinganiso samaprotheni / i-creatinine negazi le-SDMA.
• I-X-ray. Isiza ukubuka umehluko we-urolith.
• i-ultrasound. Kuyadingeka ukuze kubonwe ngeso lengqondo izinguquko zesakhiwo ezinso, ureters, esinyeni. Ngokuvamile, i-ureters ayibonakali ku-ultrasound. Izifundo kufanele zenziwe ngesinye esigcwele.
• Isiko lebhaktheriya lomchamo ngokufaka ama-antibiotics. Kuyadingeka ukuhlonza ukutheleleka futhi unikeze ukwelashwa okufanele. Emakati nasezinjeni, umchamo uthathwa yi-cystocentesis ukuze ugweme ukungcoliswa - ngokubhoboza udonga lwesisu ngenaliti yesirinji ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwenzwa ye-ultrasound. Ungakhathazeki, izilwane zibekezelela kalula le nqubo.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Spectral ye-urolith. Kwenziwa ngemva kokukhishwa kwesilwane, kuyadingeka ukuxilongwa okunembile kokubunjwa kwamatshe, ukuze kukhethwe amanye amaqhinga okwelapha kanye nokuvimbela ukwakheka kwamatshe amasha.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kuhloswe ukuqeda imbangela ye-urolithiasis nezimpawu zayo. Sebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-hemostatic, ama-antispasmodics, ama-antimicrobials, uma kunesidingo, i-infusor therapy kanye ne-diuresis ephoqelelwe. I-catheterization yesinye ngokuvaleka kwe-urethra, kwezinye izimo, ukugeza nokufakwa kwamalungiselelo okwelapha nge-intravesically. Kumakati anokugcinwa komchamo, kubalulekile ukunikeza usizo olunezimpawu ngokukhipha izitho zomchamo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-catheterization yenziwa ngokucophelela, umgodi wesinye ugezwa, izinqubo zenziwa njalo - kuze kube yilapho ikati iqala ukuya endlini yangasese yodwa. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, amatshe akhishwa ku-ureter, esinyeni noma ku-urethra. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukususa izinso ezilimele. Futhi, ngokuvinjelwa okuphindaphindiwe kwe-urethra noma ngokuvinjelwa okukhulu, i-urethrostomy yenziwa. Yiqiniso, ngemva kokwelashwa kokuhlinzwa, isilwane sizodinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile: ukugqoka ikhola yokuzivikela noma izingubo zokulala, ukuthunga, ukuphuza imithi, ngokuvamile okudinga ukuhlala esibhedlela ubusuku nemini ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kodokotela bezilwane. Okuvamile ekwelashweni kokwelapha nokuhlinzwa ukuqokwa kokudla okukhethekile - ukudla okomile nokumanzi okwenzelwe kokubili amakati nezinja, nezinye izidakamizwa ezinqunywe udokotela wezilwane. Ukwelashwa kwesilwane kunoma yikuphi akufanele kube.

Prevention

Ukuze uvimbele, hlinzeka isilwane ngokuzivocavoca okufanele, hlela ukudla okufanele. Qiniseka ukuthi isilwane sakho sithola umswakama owanele. Zama ukubeka iziqukathi eziningana zamanzi efulethini, amakati ngokuvamile awathandi ukuphuza endishini eduze nokudla kwawo. Futhi, ngaphezu kwama-croquette, engeza izikhwama noma ama-pâtés ekudleni kwakho. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukudla okumanzi nokomile okuvela kumenzi ofanayo. Futhi, yiqiniso, hlola njalo nodokotela wezilwane, ikakhulukazi uma wazi ukuthi isilwane sijwayele urolithiasis.