Uhlobo lwezinkomo zobisi olumnyama nomhlophe: izinzuzo, ukungalungi kanye nokukhiqiza

Emapulazini aseRussia, phakathi kohlobo lwezinkomo, izinhlobo zobisi ezinikeza ubisi olukhulu kakhulu azivamile. Muva nje, kuye kwavela uhlobo olulodwa oluthakazelisayo, olumnyama olumnyama, okwamanje oluthatha indawo yesithathu mayelana nokusabalalisa ngemva kwezinhlobo ezifana nezinkomo ezibomvu kanye ne-Simmental. Uhlobo olumnyama nomhlophe luzaliswa kulo lonke elaseRussia.

Imvelaphi yohlobo lwezinkomo ezimnyama nomhlophe

Okhokho bezinkomo ezinjalo bangabameleli bezinhlobo zamaDashi ne-East Frisian. Konke kube nomthelela ekutheni ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX kwavela uhlobo olusha eNetherlands: isimo sezulu esipholile, ukudla okunomsoco okuhle, kanye nentshisekelo yabakhiqizi yokukhulisa izinkomo zobisi.

Ekuqaleni, lezi zilwane zazihlukaniswa ukuthambekela okukhulu kwezifo ezihlukahlukene, ukuzivikela okubuthakathaka, umzimba obuthakathaka, nakuba zazinikeza ubisi oluningi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yosizo lwabafuyi, ngekhulu lama-XNUMX baba namandla, futhi izici zekhwalithi zenyama yazo zanda.

Abameleli bokuqala bezinkomo ezimnyama nezimhlophe bavele esifundazweni saseRussia ekupheleni kwekhulu le-1917 kwamanye amapulazi abanikazi bezindlu. Kodwa-ke, kuphela ngemuva kwe-XNUMX Ososayensi baseSoviet babona amandla amakhulu ezinkomo ezinjalo, ngenxa yalokho baqala ukuwina ngokushesha izindawo emapulazini abalimi.

Ngo-1959, ngesicelo sabafuyi baseSoviet, izinkomo ezinamabala amnyama zakhethwa njengohlobo oluhlukile.

Ukuvela kwenkomo emnyama nemhlophe

Igama lohlobo lwavela embaleni wezinkomo: isikhumba esimnyama sesilwane simbozwe amabala amhlophe ahlelwe ngokungahleliwe anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.

Ngaphezu kwesici somzimba esinamandla sabameleli bobisi bomzimba we-oblong, lolu hlobo lunezinye izici zokubukeka:

• ikhanda elide eline-muzzle emide, izimpondo ezimpunga zinombala omnyama ekugcineni;
• ubude obuphakathi, intamo engeyona imisipha yonke imigoqe;
• isifuba asibanzi kakhulu;
• ingemuva ilingana kahle, inokhalo oluqondile kanye ne-sacrum ebanzi;
• izitho zilinganayo, ziqinile, zizinzile;
• isisu esiyivoluminous, umbele omise okwenkomishi, izimbotshana ezikhule ngendlela engalingani, izingono zangemuva zisondelene kakhulu.

Ubude ekubuneni kwenkomo yobisi buyi-130-132 cm.

Ngokuya ngezindawo zokuhlala, lolu hlobo lunezinhlobo ezahlukene:

• izinkomo ezivela esifundeni esimaphakathi nezwe zihlukaniswa ngomzimba omkhulu. Inkomo endala inesisindo esingu-550-650 kg, kanti inkunzi inesisindo esingu-900-1000 kg, kanti kwezinye izimo ngisho nangaphezulu. Ngakho, ngaphezu kobisi, lezi zilwane zinikeza inyama eningi.
• Izilwane zase-Ural ube nohlobo olomile lomthethosisekelo, okuholela ekubukeni okulula nokuvumelanayo.
• Izinkomo ezivela eSiberia zincane kakhulu kunezilwane ezivela ezindaweni ezimaphakathi futhi aziminyene njengabantu abavela e-Urals. Isisindo esijwayelekile somuntu omdala singama-500-560 kg.

Isici sokukhiqiza

Amathole amnyama namhlophe anesisindo esingama-37 kg (amathole) kanye nama-42 kg (amathole) lapho ezalwa. Bathanda ukudla, ngakho nsuku zonke bafaka isisindo 600-800 g ngalinye. Ngokudla okuningi, amathole angakwazi ukwengeza ikhilogremu ngosuku. Ezinyangeni ezingu-15, isisindo sezingane sesivele singaphezu kwama-420 kg. Amawundlu amakhulu angaba nesisindo esingama-480 kg. Izinkunzi ezincane zingadla kakhulu kangangokuthi zihlangana nontanga yazo yezinhlobo zenyama ngesisindo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo yokuhlala, izinkunzi zifinyelela isisindo esingama-900 kg, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zidlula ngisho nethani. Inkomo yobisi endala nayo isindayo futhi isisindo sayo sisuka ku-500-650 kg.

Kuhle ukuthi umphumela onjalo ufinyelelwa ngaphandle kwezindleko eziphakeme zokuthenga ama-concentrates akhethekile. Ihlobo izilwane ziklaba emadlelweni aluhlaza, ebusika zidla utshani nezithako ezinoshukela.

Lolu hlobo lwaziswa ukuthi izinkomo zinikeza ubisi oluningi kakhulu. Izilwane ezihlala ezifundeni ezihlukene zezwe ziyehluka ngezinkomba ezahlukene zokuvunwa kobisi. Lokhu akuthonywa nje kuphela isimo sezulu sesifunda sokuhlala, kodwa futhi nezimo zokugcina nokondla.

Izilwane zobisi zamapulazi okuzalanisa ahamba phambili esifundeni esimaphakathi neRussia zikhiqiza ubisi olufinyelela ku-8000 kg ngonyaka, ngamafutha acishe abe ngu-3,7% kanye namaprotheni angama-3,0 kuya ku-3,2%. Izinkomo zobisi ezivela esifundeni saseSiberia nazo zinezibalo ezinhle: amapulazi athuthukile athola u-8000 kg wobisi ngonyaka, noma kunjalo, okuqukethwe kwawo kwamafutha kufinyelela ku-3,9%, amaprotheni - 3%. Mayelana nesivuno sobisi, izilwane zase-Ural ziphansi kunezinkomo ezivela ezindaweni zaseSiberia nasenkabeni, zinikeza u-2 kg wobisi ngonyaka ngamafutha angama-5500% kanye nokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni angu-4%. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile izinkomo ziyakwazi ukunikeza u-3,47-3000 kg wobisi.

Lezi zici zihlobene. Ngokwesibonelo, Okuqukethwe kwamafutha obisi ngokuqondile kuncike kumthamo wesivuno sobisi., futhi yona, incike esilinganisweni sesisindo esiphilayo, esincike emalini yokudla okudliwe.

Izinzuzo kanye nobubi bezinkomo ezimnyama nezimhlophe

Izinkomo zalolu hlobo, njengabameleli abahamba phambili besiqondiso sobisi, ukuletha inzuzo ethe xaxa kubalimi kusukela ekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo yobisi. Futhi, abalimi abaningi bathembele ekhonweni labo elimangalisayo lokuthola isisindo ngokushesha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lunezinye izinzuzo:

• Impilo enhle;
• ikhono lokujwayela ngokushesha endaweni entsha;
• i-precocity emaphakathi enekhono lokwakha imisipha ngokudla ukudla ngenani elincane lezithasiselo ezigxiliwe;
• ubisi olunamafutha kanye nenyama engenamafutha.

Kukhona izinkomo kanye nokubi. Yebo, azibalulekile, kodwa abalimi balwa nazo. Imi kanje:

• ukuqeda umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo zohlobo;
• ukudalwa kwezilwane ezinde nezikhudlwana;
• ukwanda kwezinkomba zobuningi besivuno sobisi;
• ukwanda kwamafutha obisi kanye nokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni kuwo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkomo zisabela ngenkuthalo esimweni sengqondo esihle kuye. Ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi kuyamsiza ukuba abe inkomo enikeza isivuno esikhulu sobisi. Uma isimo sengqondo kuye singanaki, khona-ke isivuno esikhulu sobisi akufanele silindelwe.

Isiphetho

Abalimi basekhaya bathanda kakhulu izinkomo ze-black-motley, ngakho-ke ungawathenga kunoma yisiphi isifunda izwe lethu. Umnikazi wenkomo enjalo akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi lokhu kusewuhlobo olukhulu oludinga igumbi elibanzi, kanye nenani elikhulu lotshani notshani. Umzamo, imali nesikhathi esitshalwe kuyo kufanele nakanjani kukhokhe futhi kube inzuzo enhle.