I-Ataxia ezinjeni

Izinhlobo ze-ataxia

I-Ataxia ezinjeni yinkinga ye-gait ebonakala ngokunyakaza okungahlangani nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi. Ukunyakaza okungavamile kungenzeka ezithweni, ekhanda, esiqwini, noma kuzo zonke izingxenye ezintathu zomzimba. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene ze-ataxia kuye ngokuthi lapho isimiso sezinzwa kwenzeka okungavamile. Izifunda ezintathu ze-anatomical zesimiso sezinzwa-umgogodla, ubuchopho, nezindlebe-zihileleke ekuxhumaneni kwe-gait, futhi izinhlobo ze-ataxia zihlotshaniswa nalezi zifunda ezintathu.

Cerebellar ataxia ezinjeni

Umthombo wokuqala we-ataxia utholakala ku-cerebellum, ingxenye yobuchopho ehlanganisa ukunyakaza kwezimoto ezincane. Lezi zinja zivame ukubonakala zivamile lapho ziphumule, kodwa lapho ziqala ukunyakaza, ukunyakaza kwazo kwemilenze kungase kube ihaba kakhulu, ukushanela, nokuthuthumela kwekhanda kukhona. Uma i-ataxia ibangelwa ukulimala kwe-cerebellum, isilwane sizohamba nge-goose gait eyihaba, ebizwa ngokuthi i-hypermetry. I-Cerebellar ataxia ezinjeni ngokuvamile ibangelwa ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, izifo ezivuthayo, noma izimila zobuchopho.

I-ataxia yokwamukela

I-Ataxia ezinjeni ingenzeka ngenxa yokwehluleka kokuqwashisa lapho izitho zisesikhaleni. Lokhu kuqwashisa umzimba ngokungazi lutho kubizwa ngokuthi ukwamukela. Uma kukhona i-proprioceptive anomaly, ukunyakaza kunzima futhi akujwayelekile ngokuphelele. Ukukhubazeka okufanelekile kuvame ukuvela lapho ingcindezi ikhishwa emgogodleni ovela ku-disc intervertebral bulging noma isimila, kusukela ku-tumor ngaphakathi komgogodla ngokwawo, kusukela emithanjeni yegazi enwetshiwe, noma kusukela kumandla okuqhuba izinzwa okhubazekile wentambo yomgogodla.

Uma umgogodla uthintekile, izinzwane zingakwazi ukudonsa phansi lapho inja ihamba, iziphetho zezinzipho ezidlalweni ziyasulwa.

i-vestibular ataxia

Lolu hlobo lwe-ataxia ezinjeni luvela ekusebenzeni okungavamile kwendlebe yangaphakathi okubangela ukungalingani. Kubizwa i-vestibular anomaly or i-vestibular syndrome. Ukusebenza okungavamile kwendlebe yangaphakathi kanye nokuxhumana kwayo ne-brainstem kuphazamisa ibhalansi futhi kubangela umuzwa wesiyezi, ovame ukubonakaliswa ukutsheka kwekhanda ngenxa yokulinganisela okungalingani. Nge-vestibular disorder, akuvamile futhi ukubona ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungavamile, ngokuvamile enyakaza ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi (nystagmus). Izinja zimi zihlukanise imilenze, zizama ukuhlala ziqondile futhi zingalahlekelwa ibhalansi yazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nge-vestibular syndrome, isilwane empeleni singase singakwazi ukuma futhi, njengokungathi, sigingqika sibheke ohlangothini lwesilonda.

Izifo zesistimu

Izinkinga zesistimu ne-metabolic ezifana ne-anemia, ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte, nemiphumela enobuthi kungaholela ku-ataxia.

Ngokwesibonelo, ushukela ophansi egazini, amazinga aphansi e-potassium, ne-anemia kungakhinyabeza ukusebenza kobuchopho kanye nekhono lemisipha lokufeza noma yimiphi imiyalo engayithola. Ukuchayeka kubuthi kanye nokusabela okubi kwezidakamizwa kunemiphumela efanayo.

Ukuqagela kwezinye izinhlobo

I-Ataxia ezinjeni ingadluliselwa ngofuzo. Izifo ze-cerebellum zivame ukuqala ebuntwaneni, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zihloselwe ukuwohloka kwe-cerebellar (ukubhujiswa).

Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu phakathi kwe-Chinese Crested Dogs, German Shepherds, Collies, Staffordshire Terriers, Spaniels and Terriers - Jack Russell, Scotch, Airedales.

Uma ufuna ukuthola ukuthi inja yakho ingumthwali wofuzo lwesifo, ungenza ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA emtholampilo wezilwane.

Izimbangela ze-Ataxia Ezinjeni

Kunezimbangela eziningi ezahlukene ze-ataxia.

I-Cerebellar ataxia ezinjeni ingabangelwa:

• Izinguquko eziwohlokayo ku-cerebellum

• Ukungajwayelekile kwesakhiwo (isb, ukungathuthuki kahle noma ukonakala kwe-cerebellum noma ugebhezi oluzungezile)

• I-Encephaloma

• Ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni

• Ubuthi be-metronidazole (antibiotic).

Izimbangela ze-vestibular ze-ataxia zibangela:

• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe ephakathi noma yangaphakathi

• Izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala kumshini we-vestibular

• I-Hypothyroidism yisifo lapho ukungasebenzi kahle kwegilo futhi kuncipha ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni ayo.

• Izimila endlebeni noma ogebhezini

• Ukulimala kwekhanda/izindlebe

• Ukutheleleka

• Ukuvuvukala, okungase kutholakale noma kungatholakali imbangela yakho

• Ukushoda kwe-thiamine (akuvamile ukubonwa ngokudla okunomsoco kwamanje)

• Ubuthi be-metronidazole (antibiotic).

Izinkinga zomgogodla ezibangela i-ataxia zihlanganisa:

• Ukulahlekelwa kwezicubu zomgogodla, okubizwa ngokuthi i-myelopathy ewohlokayo.

• isifo somgogodla noma i-fibrocartilaginous embolism.

• Izimila emgogodleni noma emgogodleni.

• Ukutheleleka ku-vertebrae noma kuma-intervertebral discs.

• Ukuvuvukala komgogodla.

• Ukulimala komgogodla.

• Ukungazinzi emgogodleni okubangela ingcindezi emgogodleni.

• Ukuncipha komsele womgogodla.

Izimpawu nokubonakaliswa kokungaxhumani ezinjeni

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zalesi sifo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini imbangela, ukuhamba okungavamile, lapho isilwane singagxili kakhulu ezinyaweni zaso, ukuntuleka kokuxhumana enja.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu ezilandelayo zingase zivele:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza ngenxa yezinkinga zokulinganisela.

• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla ngenxa yokucanuzela kwenhliziyo.

• Ukutsheka kwekhanda - inja ibamba indlebe eyodwa ngaphansi kwenye.

• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa.

• Izinguquko esimweni sengqondo

• Izici zokuziphatha, njengokuntuleka kokulawula umchamo.

• Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungavamile (phezulu naphansi noma uhlangothi kuya eceleni).

• Ukulahlekelwa kokuxhumana kwezitho, okungase kuhlanganise ama-crossovers, amagxathu amade, nokuma okubanzi.

• Ukudlikizeka, ukuwa, ukunyakazisa, ukukhukhuleka nokuzungeza.

Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo

Ukuze anqume imbangela ye-ataxia, udokotela wezilwane uzohlola kuqala ukuhamba kwesilwane. Ingatshela okuningi esweni elinolwazi likadokotela wezinzwa wezilwane. Ukuhlaziywa kuzobandakanya ukubheka ukuthi isilwane esifuywayo sihamba kanjani, sizama kanjani ukugibela izitebhisi futhi sinqobe ezinye izithiyo.

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kuzobandakanya nokuhlolwa kwemizwa, i-reflex, kanye nezinzwa zemikhawulo. Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri okuphelele kwesilwane kwenziwa - ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa komchamo, ucwaningo lwezifo, i-ultrasound.

Ucwaningo olubonakalayo lwenziwa ukuze kufike esiphethweni sokugcina kanye nokuxilongwa:

• Ama-radiographs, acacile futhi aphikisanayo.

• I-Myelography (udayi ujovwa emseleni womgogodla bese kuthathwa i-x-ray ukuze kuhlolwe intambo yomgogodla).

• I-imaging resonance magnetic iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlola i-ataxia futhi ubone ubuchopho.

• CT scan.

Uma imbangela inganqunywa ngemva kokuhlolwa kwezithombe, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuyenziwa: i-biopsy yemisipha nezinzwa, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-cerebrospinal fluid.

Ukwelashwa kwe-ataxia ezinjeni

Ezinye izimbangela ze-ataxia azinakwelashwa, futhi izilwane ezifuywayo ngokuvamile zibonisa izimpawu zomtholampilo kukho konke ukuphila kwazo, zithuthuka futhi ekugcineni ziholele esidingweni se-euthanasia (euthanasia). Izifo zofuzo nezokuzalwa azinalo ikhambi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-ataxia ezinjeni kuzothonywa imbangela eyinhloko. Ukulawula izinhlungu, ukunakekelwa okusekelayo, nokuphepha kwemvelo - njengokugwema ukufinyelela ezitebhisini - kuyizinsika zokwelashwa.

Ukususa imbangela eyinhloko (isibonelo, ngokuhlinzwa - izimila, i-herniated discs, i-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation - umdlavuza, izidakamizwa - ukutheleleka) kuzonciphisa izinkinga zokuhamba nokuxhumana. Kwezinye izimo, noma kunjalo, izimpawu zizohlala.

Ukuzivocavoca kwe-Neuromotor (ubuchopho-ukuthuthukisa) njenge-gymnastics yokulungisa kanye ne-kinesiotherapy enikezwe ngokuhambisana ne-physiotherapy kuye kwaboniswa ukugxila ekusebenzisaneni nokulinganisela, ukuthuthukisa noma ukumisa ukuqhubeka kokwehla kokusebenza, futhi kuyizindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko ze-ataxia ezinjeni. Idatha ibonise ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kwebhalansi kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuhamba.

Ukunakekelwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo

Inja elahlekelwe ibhalansi izodinga usizo lwansuku zonke. Ukondla kungaba enye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu ongayenza uma inja yakho iqhaqhazela futhi idla kanzima.

Ukuhamba kuzothatha isikhathi eside, futhi isilwane esifuywayo sizodinga usizo ukuze sigcine ibhalansi ngesikhathi sokuya endlini yangasese. Ukuphuza imithi yesicanucanu kanye nesiyezi njalo kungaba yinto evamile. Kodwa ngisho nalezi zimpawu, inja ingaqhubeka iyisilwane esifuywayo esihle ngosizo lwakho kanye nezeluleko ezivela kudokotela wezilwane.

Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kuyisihluthulelo sempilo ejabulisayo nenethezekile yesilwane esinemiphumela engaphansi, kodwa ehlala njalo, ye-ataxia. Kubalulekile ukugcina indawo ephephile yenja yakho. Ngesikhathi usekhaya, lawula ukunyakaza kwesilwane ukuze singawi ezitebhisini, kusofa, noma kulimale emnyango kanye nefenisha. Uma ushiya inja yakho yodwa ekhaya, yivalele ekhejini noma endlini yokulala.

Landela ngokuqinile izincomo zikadokotela.

I-Ataxia emidlwaneni

I-cerebellar ataxia emidlwaneni izalwa. Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana enja kuyaqhubeka impilo yonke. Izimpawu zingaphuthelwa kalula ngenxa yokuthi zifana kakhulu nobuhlalu bemvelo bomdlwane. Okungaqashelwa ukuntula ngokuphelele ukusebenzisana, ukulinganisela nokungahambi kahle.

Ukuziphatha kwemidlwane egulayo kuzohluka ku-antics ye-puppy evamile. Bangase bancike ezindongeni noma ifenisha ukuze basekele, bahudule imilenze yabo yangemuva, noma bakhubeke ngezidladla zabo zangaphambili.

Ukuwohloka kwe-cerebellar kuvame ukuqala lapho imidlwane isezinyangeni zayo zokuqala zokuphila futhi iba kubi kakhulu ngokuya ngeminyaka. Ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye kuya kweziyishumi izimpawu zizobe sezinzima kakhulu, futhi ngeshwa ayikho inja ethintekile ephila isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyishumi nambili.

I-ataxia efanelekile ingabangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hydrocephalus (i-dropsy yobuchopho), ukungazinzi kwe-atlanta-axial (ukususwa kwe-vertebra yesibili yomlomo wesibeletho ngokuhlobene neyokuqala, okuholela ekucindezelweni komgogodla). Izimpawu zezifo zikhula kancane futhi ukwelashwa okuphelele kungenzeka.

Ukubikezelwa kwesifo

Ukuthi inja iyalulama noma cha kuya ngembangela ewumsuka, kodwa izilwane ezifuywayo eziningi ezithola ukwelashwa ngokushesha azinaso nhlobo lesi sifo futhi ziphinde zithole umuzwa wazo wokulinganisela, ukuhamba ngendlela efanele.

Uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu yi-cerebellar ataxia ezinjeni, njengoba lesi simo sivame ukuzalwa, sizibonakalisa sisebancane, futhi ngenxa yokuwohloka kwezinga lempilo yesilwane, i-euthanasia isetshenziselwa.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana enja kuzoholela emiphumeleni engenakugwemeka kuwo wonke umzimba.

Ngokuvamile izilwane ezinjalo ezifuywayo zizilimaza, zishaya izidladla zazo, ikhanda, sula izinzipho zazo zibe yigazi. Uma isilwane singakwazi ukudla ngenxa yokuthuthumela okukhulu, ukukhathala kwenzeka.

Kungase kube khona ukutsheka kwekhanda okuqhubekayo noma izinsalela zokuhamba okungavamile.

Ezinye izimbangela ze-ataxia azinakwelashwa, futhi izilwane ezifuywayo ezinjalo ngokuvamile ziba nezimpawu zomtholampilo eziqhubekayo.

Ingabe kukhona ukuvimbela?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela eqinisekile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi inja yakho ayisoze yahlushwa yilesi sifo. Kodwa imikhuba efanele nokunakekelwa okujwayelekile kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ezinye zezimbangela eziyisisekelo.

Le mithetho elula ingasiza ekuvimbeleni ezinye zezimbangela ze-ataxia.

Isibonelo, ungagwema izifo ezindlebeni ngokuhlanza izindlebe zakho njalo, unciphise ingozi yokungenwa ushevu ngengozi ngokugcina amakhemikhali asendlini nemithi kadokotela ikude nenja yakho. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi isilwane sakho sigonyiwe ngesikhathi, yidla ukudla okunempilo, futhi uzivocavoce ngokwanele ukugcina imisipha namathambo abo enempilo.

Isifinyezo

1. I-Ataxia igama. Uchaza ukuntula ukusebenzisana kwenja okubangelwa inkinga ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Lesi sifo sihlala siwuphawu lokugula okucashile noma ukulimala.

2. Esinye sezibonakaliso ezivamile ze-ataxia ukungabaza noma ukudideka lapho izilwane zihamba, njengokungathi azazi kahle ukuthi zibeke kuphi izinyawo zazo. Kuqhaqhazela ikhanda nokunikina kwamehlo.

3. Uhlelo lokwelapha luzoxhomeka endaweni kanye nembangela ye-ataxia. Kodwa impumelelo ekwelapheni akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi.

4. Uma ubona izinguquko endleleni yenja yakho, thintana nodokotela wakho wezilwane ngokushesha.

5. Ukwelashwa kwe-ataxia yokuzalwa emidlwaneni akuzange kuthuthukiswe, uma izimpawu ziqhubeka umdlwane uzofa, uma kungenjalo, khona-ke isimo esivamile sesilwane asishintshi, kodwa izimpawu zokungaxhumani ziqhubeka kuze kube phakade.