I-Ataxia ezinjeni nasemakati

Iyini i-ataxia?

I-Ataxia yisimo se-pathological esenzeka lapho i-cerebellum, izakhiwo zobuchopho ezibhekele ukuxhumanisa ukunyakaza nokuma kwesilwane emkhathini, kulimale. Iziveza ekungasebenzini kahle kokuxhumana kanye nokunyakaza ngakunye ezilwaneni ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwesimiso sezinzwa. I-Ataxia ingazalwa noma itholakale. Okuvame kakhulu kulesi sifo yi-Staffordshire Terriers, i-Scottish Terriers, i-Scottish Setters, i-Cocker Spaniels, i-Scottish, i-British, i-Siamese amakati, ama-sphinxes. Abukho ubudlelwano obutholakele nobudala nobulili.

Izinhlobo ze-ataxia

I-Cerebellar 

Kwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwe-cerebellum ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine, izimpawu zingabonakala ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa, zibonakala ngokucacile lapho isilwane siqala ukunyakaza ngenkuthalo nokufunda ukuhamba. Ingashintshashintsha futhi ishintshe. I-Static ibonakala ngokuba buthakathaka kwemisipha yomzimba, i-gait iyanyakaza futhi ikhululekile, kunzima ngesilwane ukuxhumanisa ukunyakaza nokugcina ukuma okuthile. I-Dynamic izibonakalisa ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, iguqula kakhulu ukuhamba - iba ngamawala, igxuma, ishanela, ixakile, ingemuva lonke noma ingemuva lomzimba liwela ohlangothini lwawo, futhi ukunyakaza kwemilenze yangaphambili nengemuva akuhambisani. I-cerebellar ataxia ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo ze-ataxia phambi kwe-nystagmus - ukuthuthumela kwamehlo okungenangqondo, ukuthuthumela kwekhanda lapho isilwane sigxile kokuthile. Izinhlobo ze-ataxia:

• I-ataxia ethambile: ukuncika kancane, ukunyakazisa noma ukundindizela kwekhanda nezitho zomzimba, ukuhamba okungalingani emilenzeni ehlukene kakhulu nokuncika ngezikhathi ezithile ohlangothini olulodwa, kuphenduka kancane kancane, kugxume kabuhlungu.

• Okulingene: Ukutsheka noma ukundindizela kwekhanda, izitho zomzimba, kanye nomzimba wonke, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokuzama ukugxila entweni nokudla nokuphuza, isilwane asingeni endishini yokudla namanzi, ukudla kungase kuphume emlonyeni, iqhubu. ezintweni, cishe awukwazi ukwehla ezitebhisini futhi ugxume, ukujika kunzima, kuyilapho ukuhamba emgqeni oqondile kulula. Uma uhamba, ungawa emaceleni, ama-paws ahlukanisiwe kakhulu, agobile "ngomshini" futhi ngokuphakama okuphezulu.

• Kakhulu: Isilwane asikwazi ukusukuma, silale, siphakamise ikhanda kanzima, kungase kuzwakale ukuthuthumela kanye ne-nystagmus, futhi ayikwazi ukuya endlini yangasese endaweni ethile ngokwayo, kuyilapho ingakwazi ukubekezela baze bayiyise endlini yangasese. ithileyi noma uyikhiphele emgwaqeni, bese eya endlini yangasese ngenkathi ubambe. Nazo azikwazi ukusondela endishini, futhi zizodla ziphuze lapho zilethwe endishini, ukudla ngokuvamile akuhlafunwa, kodwa kugwinywe kuphelele. Amakati angase akwazi ukuhambahamba ngokukhasa futhi abambelele kukhaphethi ngezinzipho zawo.

I-Cerebellar ataxia ayelashwa, kodwa ayithuthuki ngokukhula, amakhono engqondo awahlukumezi, isilwane asizwa ubuhlungu, namakhono ayathuthuka, futhi nge-ataxia emnene nephakathi, cishe unyaka isilwane sijwayela ukudlala, ukudla, futhi hambahamba.

ukuzwela

Kuhlotshaniswa nokulimala komgogodla. Isilwane asikwazi ukulawula ukunyakaza kwezitho, ukugoba nokuwagoqa ngokuthanda kwawo, futhi sinqume isiqondiso sokunyakaza. Ukunyakaza kubuhlungu, isilwane sizama ukunyakaza kancane ngangokunokwenzeka. Esimeni esinzima, ukunyakaza akunakwenzeka nhlobo. Ukwelashwa kuyenzeka futhi kungaphumelela ngokuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuqalwa kokwelashwa.

i-vestibular

Kuvela ngokulimala kwezakhiwo zendlebe yangaphakathi, i-otitis, izimila zesiqu sobuchopho. Isilwane asikwazi ukuma, singakwazi ukuhamba siyindilinga, sincike ezintweni lapho sihamba, siwe ngasohlangothini oluthintekile. Ikhanda litshekile noma lijikijelwa emuva futhi ohlangothini oluthintekile. Umzimba unganyakaza, isilwane sinyakaza izidladla zaso zihlukene phakathi. I-Nystagmus ivamile. Njengoba sibhekene nekhanda elibuhlungu, noma ubuhlungu endlebeni, isilwane singahlala isikhathi eside nebunzi laso lincike odongeni noma ekhoneni.

Izinkinga ze-ataxia

• Ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo noma umgogodla
• Izinguquko eziwohlokayo ebuchosheni
• Inqubo yesimila ebuchosheni, umgogodla, izitho zokuzwa
• Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezithinta isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi nobuchopho. I-Ataxia ingakhula enzalweni uma umama enesifo esithathelwanayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njenge-feline panleukopenia.
• Izifo ezivuthayo zobuchopho nomgogodla
• Ubuthi ngezinto ezinobuthi, amakhemikhali asendlini, ukweqisa izidakamizwa
• Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini B
• Amazinga aphansi amaminerali, njenge-potassium noma i-calcium egazini
• I-Hypoglycaemia
• I-Vestibular ataxia ingenzeka nge-otitis media nendlebe yangaphakathi, ukuvuvukala kwezinzwa zekhanda, izimila zobuchopho.
• Izinkinga zokuxhumanisa zingaba yi-idiopathic, okungukuthi, ngesizathu esingachazeki

Izimpawu

• Ukunyakazisa ikhanda, izitho noma umzimba
• Ukuhamba ngokushesha kwezithonjana endaweni evundlile noma eqondile (nystagmus)
• Tshekisa noma unikine ikhanda
• Manage ukunyakaza embuthanweni omkhulu noma omncane
• Ukuma kwemilenze ebanzi
• Ukulahlekelwa kokuxhumana ekunyakazeni
• Ukuhamba okungaqinile, izidladla ezihambayo
• Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwemilenze yangaphambili eqondile lapho uhamba
• Ukunyakaza “komshini” okuboshiwe 
• Iwela eceleni, umzimba wonke noma ngemuva nje
• Ubunzima bokusukuma phansi
• Ubunzima bokungena endishini, ukudla nokuphuza
• Ubuhlungu bomgogodla, intamo
• Ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa
• Ukwephulwa kokusabela kanye ne-reflexes

Imvamisa nge-ataxia, inhlanganisela yezimpawu ezimbalwa iyabonwa. 

Diagnostics

Isilwane esisolwa ngokuba yi-ataxia sidinga ukuxilonga okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuhlola okulula ngeke kwanele. Udokotela wenza ukuhlola okukhethekile kwemizwa, okuhlanganisa ukuzwela, proprioception, nokunye ukuhlola. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuqala, udokotela angase anikeze ukuxilongwa okwengeziwe:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemical kanye nomtholampilo jikelele ukukhipha izifo zesistimu, ubuthi
• X-ray
• I-Ultrasound, i-CT noma i-MRI yezimila ezisolisayo
• Ukuhlaziywa koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal ukukhipha izifo nezinqubo zokuvuvukala
• I-Otoscopy, uma i-perforation ye-eardrum, i-otitis media noma indlebe yangaphakathi kusolwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-ataxia

Ukwelashwa kwe-ataxia kuncike kumbangela yalesi sifo. Kwenzeka ukuthi lesi simo silungiswa kalula, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuntuleka kwe-calcium, i-potassium, i-glucose noma i-thiamine, kwanele ukwenza ukuntuleka kwalezi zinto ukuze kuthuthukiswe kakhulu isimo. Nokho, kuyafaneleka ukuthola imbangela ebangele le nkinga. Endabeni ye-ataxia ebangelwa i-otitis media, kungase kudingeke ukuba kunqanyulwe amaconsi ezindlebeni ngoba amanye ane-ototoxic, njenge-chlorhexidine, i-metronidazole, ne-aminoglycoside antibiotics. Ukwelashwa kungase kuhlanganise ukugeza izindlebe, ukuqokwa kwemithi elwa namagciwane, anti-inflammatory kanye ne-antifungal. Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kwama-neoplasms, ama-disc intervertebral herniated. Lapho kuhlolwa ama-neoplasms ebuchosheni, ukwelashwa kuhlinzwa kuphela futhi kwenziwa kuphela uma indawo yokwakheka isebenza. Udokotela wezilwane angase anikeze i-diuretics, i-Glycine, i-Cerebrolysin, i-vitamin complexes, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni kanye nembangela ye-ataxia. Isimo siyinkimbinkimbi uma kwenzeka i-ataxia yokuzalwa noma yofuzo. Kulezi zimo, kunzima ukuthi isilwane sibuyisele ngokugcwele ukusebenza okuvamile, ikakhulukazi nge-ataxia enzima. Kodwa ukuvuselelwa kwe-physiotherapy kuzosiza ukufeza umphumela omuhle. Kuyenzeka kufakwe amarampu anokhaphethi, izitsha ezingasheleli kanye nemibhede endlini, izinja zingagqoka amahhanisi okusekela noma izinqola zokuhamba ngezinyawo ezine-ataxia emaphakathi kanye nokuwa njalo ukuze zigweme ukulimala. Njengoba i-ataxia yokuzalwa emnene ukuya emaphakathi, amakhono esilwane ayathuthuka ngonyaka, futhi singaphila impilo evamile evamile.

Ukuvimbela i-ataxia

Thola imidlwane namakati kubafuyi abathembekile, kubazali abagonyiwe abaphumelele ukuhlolwa kofuzo kwe-ataxia. Qaphela ngokucophelela impilo yesilwane, ugome ngokusho kohlelo, qaphela izinguquko ekubukeni, ukuziphatha, thintana nodokotela wezilwane ngesikhathi esifanele.